Instruction-level parallel processing

The performance of microprocessors has increased steadily over the past 20 years at a rate of about 50% per year. This is the cumulative result of architectural improvements as well as increases in circuit speed. Moreover, this improvement has been obtained in a transparent fashion, that is, without requiring programmers to rethink their algorithms and programs, thereby enabling the tremendous proliferation of computers that we see today. To continue this performance growth, microprocessor designers have incorporated instruction-level parallelism (ILP) into new designs. ILP utilizes the parallel execution ofthe lowest level computer operations-adds, multiplies, loads, and so on-to increase performance transparently. The use of ILP promises to make possible, within the next few years, microprocessors whose performance is many times that of a CRAY-IS. This article provides an overview of ILP, with an emphasis on ILP architectures-superscalar, VLIW, and dataflow processors-and the compiler techniques necessary to make ILP work well.     

神经网络及BP网络工作原理

1　神经网络概述神经网络是人们在模仿人脑处理问题的过程中发展起来的一种新型智能信息处理理论 ,它通过大量的称为神经元的简单处理单元构成非线性动力学系统 ,对人脑的形象思维、联想记忆等进行模拟和抽象 ,实现与人脑相似的学习、识别、记忆等信息处理能力。神经网络在经历了 4 0多年的曲折发展之后 ,在信息科学领域等许多应用方面已显示出巨大潜力和广阔的应用前景。由于神经网络的高速并行处理、分布存贮信息等特性符合人类视觉系统的基本工作原则 ,具有很强的自学习性、自组织性、容错性、高度非线性、高的鲁棒性、联想记忆功能和推…     

Neural processing of backwards-speech sounds

When sounds such as those produced by reverse playback of recorded speech are presented to left and right ears of normal subjects, the sounds arriving at the right ear are more accurately identified than those arriving at the left. These findings are comparable to the right-ear superiority demonstrated with normal speech sounds, and contrast with the left-ear superiority for musical and other non-speech sounds. It is suggested that the neural mechanisms underlying the perception of speech and non-speech sounds are not differentiated along the dimension of conceptual content.     

Neural network modelling of flat-plate solar collectors

In this study, different approaches to the modelling of flat-plate solar collectors are introduced and analysed. Among the physically based models, the heat network model and Hottel–Vhillier (H–V) models are discussed. The parameters of the latter model are identified for three different types of these solar collectors. The identification exhibited good agreement with the measured values. Finally, modelling simulations with an artificial neural network (ANN) technique were carried out. A sensitivity study was performed on the parameters of the neural network. The possible ANN structures, the size of training data set, the number of hidden neurons, and the type of training algorithm were analysed in order to identify the most appropriate model. The same ANN structures were trained and validated for the three solar collectors, using data generated from the H–V model and long-term (17 days) measurements.     

微机网络并行计算环境Linux、并行计算平台MPI及其应用

介绍了并行计算研究的基本概况、微机网络并行计算环境－Ｌｉｎｕｘ操作系统及网络并行计算平台ＭＰＩ，并用实例说明微机网络并行计算环境和并行计算平台的建立和应用．     

Wireless sensor network deployment for integrating video-surveillance and data-monitoring in precision agriculture over distributed crops

Monitoring different parameters of interest in a crop has been proven as a useful tool to improve agricultural production. Crop monitoring in precision agriculture may be achieved by a multiplicity of technologies; however the use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) results in low-cost and low-power consumption deployments, therefore becoming a dominant option. It is also well-known that crops are also negatively affected by intruders (human or animals) and by insufficient control of the production process. Video-surveillance is a solution to detect and identify intruders as well as to better take care of the production process. In this paper, a new platform called Integrated WSN Solution for Precision Agriculture is proposed. The only cost-effective technology employed is IEEE 802.15.4, and it efficiently integrates crop data acquisition, data transmission to the end-user and video-surveillance tasks. This platform has been evaluated for the particular scenario of scattered crops video-surveillance by using computer simulation and analysis. The telecommunications metrics of choice are energy consumed, probability of frame collision and end-to-end latency, which have been carefully studied to offer the most appropriate wireless network operation. Wireless node prototypes providing agriculture data monitoring, motion detection, camera sensor and long distance data transmission (in the order of several kilometers) are developed. The performance evaluation of this real tests-bed scenario demonstrates the feasibility of the platform designed and confirms the simulation and analytical results.     

Coordination in distributed building

A formal model of distributed building is presented that was inspired by the observation of wasp colonies. Algorithms have been obtained that allow a swarm of simple agents, moving randomly on a three-dimensional cubic lattice, to build coherent structures.     

Neural cadherin: role in selective cell-cell adhesion

Cadherins are a family of Ca2+-dependent intercellular adhesion molecules. Complementary DNAs encoding mouse neural cadherin (N-cadherin) were cloned, and the cell binding specificity of this molecule was examined. Mouse N-cadherin shows 92 percent similarity in amino acid sequence to the chicken homolog, while it shows 49 percent and 43 percent similarity to epithelial cadherin and to placental cadherin of the same species, respectively. In cell binding assays, mouse N-cadherin did not cross-react with other mouse cadherins, but it did cross-react with chicken N-cadherin. The results indicate that each cadherin type confers distinct adhesive specificities on different cells, and also that the specificity of N-cadherin is conserved between mammalian and avian cells.     

基于天然气处理厂气质指标的集输管网调度优化

在建立符合实际工况的多气源组分平衡计算模型的基础上,以处理厂原料气气质指标为目标函数,建立优化模型并求解,得到在满足管网运行约束及各处理厂原料气气质指标前提下的管网运行参数.实例应用表明,建立的集输管网优化调度模型既可体现各气源点气质的差异性,又能满足各天然气处理厂对原料气气质的不同要求,计算结果能够准确地反映管网中的气质状况,从而确保净化装置的平稳运行.将该模型应用于实际管网,可为其生产运行调度提供重要的参考依据.