山楂果实中可溶性糖与果皮色素的关系

大黄面楂、上口、左伏3号、星石榴、甜水5个山楂品种在果实发育过程中,叶绿素含量先上升后下降,类胡萝卜素含量持续下降。花青素含量除大黄面楂外,在果实着色期迅速上升。葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖含量在采收时逐渐上升,果皮花青素含量与不同种类糖含量之间呈显著正相关或极显著正相关。左伏3号果糖含量与花青素含量呈极显著正相关,大黄面楂和星石榴呈显著正相关;甜水、上口、星石榴蔗糖含量与花青素含量呈显著正相关;甜水和星石榴葡萄糖含量与花青素含量呈极显著正相关。     

富士苹果果皮花青素发育的相关因素分析

富士苹果果皮色泽取决于花青素含量。果皮的花青素含量与果实纵、横径呈极显著的指数函数曲线(y=ae~(bx))相关;与果肉的还原糖、可溶性糖、果肉的花青素含量、光照强度均呈极显著的线性相关,与果皮的叶绿素含量呈显著的负相关。富士苹果是强光着色品种。江苏境内的富士苹果应在改善树冠通风透光的基础上,于10月底至11月初采收,才能充分着色。充分着色的果实,含糖量高,品质优,外观美,商品性高。     

苹果成熟期间果皮花青素含量与果实品质的关系

以８年生陆奥、王林和富士苹果为试材,经套袋处理使三者果实着红色,对果皮花青素含量与果实品质之间的关系进行了研究,回归方程的拟合结果表明：所有供试品种及处理,花青素含量与可滴定酸含量、ｐＨ值以及固酸比之间分别呈显著或极显著的抛物线相关关系;而与可溶性固形物含量只有陆奥达极显著相关。着色果皮的红色与果实硬度之间不存在相关关系。     

茄子果实生长发育过程中主要品质的变化

为了解茄子果实生长发育过程中果实品质的变化,研究了茄子的果实生长、果皮花青素、类黄酮、果肉可溶性蛋白质、氨基酸、可溶性糖、维生素C、总酚含量及抗氧化能力的变化,并对果皮与果肉的主要品质进行了相关分析。结果表明,茄子果实纵径、横径和单果质量呈先急剧增长后趋于平缓增长的变化趋势;果皮花青素和类黄酮、果肉可溶性蛋白质、氨基酸、可溶性糖、维生素C含量都呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,果肉总酚含量一直降低,总抗氧化能力先降低后升高。相关分析表明,茄子果皮中花青素和类黄酮呈极显著正相关,果肉中可溶性蛋白质和氨基酸、可溶性糖、维生素C呈极显著正相关,维生素C和总酚、总抗氧化能力呈极显著负相关,茄子果皮中花青素、类黄酮与果肉中可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、维生素C呈显著相关。     

西瓜主要数量性状的相关性和主成分分析

西瓜是世界重要的经济作物,因此,明确西瓜主要性状之间的关系具有重要意义。以25份西瓜品种为试材,进行相关性分析和主成分分析,以期得出西瓜品质性状与产量之间的关系,为育种选择方向提供参考。结果表明:第一雌花节位与近皮可溶性固形物含量呈显著负相关;单果质量与果实长度、果实宽度、果皮厚度和小区产量呈极显著正相关;果实长度与果实宽度、果形指数、果皮厚度、小区产量呈极显著正相关;果实宽度与果皮厚度、小区产量成极显著正相关;果形指数与果皮厚度呈极显著正相关;果皮厚度与小区产量呈极显著正相关;中心可溶性固形物含量与近皮可溶性固形物含量呈极显著正相关。主成分分析结果表明,前3个主成分特征值累积贡献率达87.842 0%,应从单果质量、可溶性固形物含量、果形指数对西瓜品质、产量育种进行正向选择。     

不同颜色李果实成熟期果皮色素的变化及与糖酸含量的相关性

从6～8月各品种果实着色前夕开始,每隔7d采摘红色的"大红李"、青色的"萘李"和黑色的"黑宝石"3个品种的果实,测定并比较了各品种果实在成熟过程中果皮色素变化的差异及与果肉可溶性糖和可滴定酸的相关性。结果表明:在果实成熟过程中,"黑宝石"和"大红李"花青苷含量都呈现不断上升的趋势,而叶绿素含量呈略微下降趋势;"萘李"的花青苷含量极低,且变化不大,叶绿素含量则先升后降;3个品种类胡萝卜素含量均缓慢上升。"萘李"叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量一直极显著或显著地高于"大红李"和"黑宝石",而花青苷则极显著或显著地低于2个品种。"黑宝石"和"大红李"花青苷含量与可溶性糖含量分别呈极显著和显著正相关,而与酸含量呈显著或极显著负相关;2个品种类胡萝卜素含量与可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关,而与酸含量间相关性表现不一致;2个品种叶绿素含量与糖、酸含量的相关性均不显著。"萘李"3种色素的含量与糖、酸含量间的相关性均不显著。说明"大红李"和"黑宝石"着色可能由花青苷含量决定,而青色的"萘李"则由类胡萝卜素和叶绿素含量决定。     

“桂热1号”火龙果枝条与果实性状的相关性

对"桂热1号"火龙果结果母枝性状、果实性状及其相关性进行了调查分析。结果表明,枝条长度与棱厚、茎围显著或极显著负相关,与茎段数显著正相关;茎围与棱厚显著正相关。母枝性状中,枝条棱厚和果实性状相关性最为密切,与单果质量、果实纵径、果形指数间均存在显著正相关性。枝条茎围与边糖(外围果肉可溶性固形物含量)之间显著负相关,但与心糖(中心果肉可溶性固形物含量)之间相关性不显著。果实多项性状指标间存在显著相关性,单果质量、果实横径、果实纵径和果皮厚度4个指标两两间显著或极显著正相关性。果形指数与单果质量、果实纵径呈极显著正相关;心糖和边糖显著正相关;果皮厚度和心糖间显著负相关。92.4%结果母枝的棱厚在14 mm以上,单果质量随棱厚的增加而增加。综合来看,棱厚16~18 mm的结果母枝,所结果实个头相对较大,且果实可溶性固形物含量较高,果皮也较薄,综合评价较高。     

石榴果实品质和叶片指标变化及相关关系研究

【目的】研究不同石榴品种发育期果实品质和叶片指标的变化趋势及相关关系,为有效调控果实品质提供理论依据。【方法】以石榴品种‘泰山红’和‘泰山三白甜’为试材,利用滴定法和紫外分光光度法等对其发育期果实品质和叶片指标进行测定。【结果】2个品种发育期果实单果质量、可溶性固形物含量、固酸比和可溶性糖含量显著增加,可滴定酸含量显著降低。两个品种果实中可滴定酸含量、固酸比和可溶性糖含量差异显著(P0.05)。两个品种维生素C含量随果实发育均逐渐增加,‘泰山红’发育后期(9月15日后)维生素C含量迅速升高,高于‘泰山三白甜’,与其差异极显著(P0.01)。‘泰山红’发育期花青苷含量逐渐升高,9月5日后进入迅速增长期,一直高于‘泰山三白甜’,后者花青苷含量变化幅度较小。两个品种总黄酮含量均在幼果期(7月15日)和成熟期(10月5日)出现峰值。两个品种发育期叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、可溶性糖、花青苷和总黄酮含量整体上逐渐降低,类胡萝卜素含量发育后期逐渐升高。相关性分析表明,两个品种果实中可溶性糖与花青苷呈极显著正相关。叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b与花青苷、总黄酮呈显著正相关,花青苷与总黄酮呈极显著正相关。叶片花青苷与果实单果质量、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、固酸比呈显著负相关,叶片总黄酮含量与果实可溶性糖含量呈显著负相关。【结论】不同石榴品种发育期果实品质和叶片指标差异显著。可溶性糖含量增加有利于果实中花青苷的合成。叶绿素含量增加有利于叶片中花青苷和黄酮类化合物的形成。不同石榴品种果实品质和叶片指标相关程度差异显著。     

石榴大粒抗寒新品种绿丰的选育

绿丰是开封市农林科学研究院以石榴品种豫石榴2号作母本、豫石榴3号作父本杂交育成的大粒、抗寒石榴新品种。果实球形,平均单果重312.5 g,最大单果重755.0 g;果实红色,果面光滑洁亮,无锈斑;果皮厚0.35 cm,心室9~12个,果肉致密,籽粒玛瑙色,籽粒大,百粒重56.0g,籽核硬,品质极优;可溶性固形物含量15.50%,耐贮运。在河南省开封市,果实10月上中旬成熟,抗寒性强,适宜在河南省栽植。2013年通过河南省林木品种审定委员会审定。     

120份石榴种质果实的抗日灼能力评价及抗日灼指标筛选

【目的】明确不同石榴种质果实日灼发生情况及其抗日灼能力,进而筛选出反映果实抗日灼能力的生理指标。【方法】调查了120份石榴资源的日灼发生率和日灼指数,并对其进行抗日灼能力评价。对15份具不同抗日灼能力的资源进行总抗氧化能力评价,并测定果皮日灼面的几种抗氧化物质含量,最后对日灼指数、总抗氧化能力及相关生理指标进行相关性分析。【结果】不同石榴种质果实的日灼发生率和日灼指数具明显多样性。15份不同资源的总抗氧化能力和抗氧化活性物质含量表现出明显的基因型差异。线性回归和相关性分析表明,日灼指数与总抗氧化能力呈现极显著正相关;相关性分析表明,日灼指数与抗坏血酸、总酚、花青素、谷胱甘肽、总黄酮含量呈极显著正相关(p 0.01),日灼指数与类胡萝卜素含量之间没有明显的相关性。进一步分析发现,总酚、抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽与总抗氧化能力的相关性最强(p 0.01)。【结论】不同石榴种质果皮的抗日灼能力具有明显的多态性;总抗氧化能力可以反映其抗日灼能力,总酚、抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽含量可以很大程度上反映其抗氧化能力。     

ABA对葡萄花色苷合成相关基因表达的影响

以京优葡萄为试材．研究果实成熟过程中果皮花色苷含量及其生物合成相关酶基因和转录因子转录水平的变化．同时研究不同浓度ABA处理对花色苷含量和相关基因转录水平的影响。结果表明,葡萄果实发育进入着色期,CHSs、CHIs基因家族中的CHS3、CH12和UFGT、MybAJ、MybAl-2随花色苷合成而大量表达,其转录水平与花...     

红肉桃果实发育过程中色素和糖酸含量的变化

以红肉、白肉和黄肉3种不同果肉颜色的12份桃品种为材料分析成熟时果肉中花色苷的含量变化,结果表明,红肉桃与白肉、黄肉品种间花色苷含量差异显著,且红肉桃品种间的花色苷含量差异也很大。利用3个不同果肉颜色的桃品种进一步研究果实发育过程中色素及其相关物质的变化,结果表明,红肉桃品种天津水蜜在盛花后25d果肉中花色苷含量较高,而后逐渐减少;直至进入盛花后45d才缓慢回升,并在果实发育后期(盛花后86d)含量迅速增加;与此对应,该品种果皮在幼果期(盛花后35～45d)和果实发育后期(盛花后86d)2次出现红色,但果肉直到盛花后86d才明显变红;在整个果实发育过程中,天津水蜜果肉其它内含物的变化与白肉桃品种豫白和黄肉桃品种NJC83相似:叶绿素含量逐渐减少;类胡萝卜素和可溶性糖不断增加;可滴定酸前期上下波动变化,但近成熟时天津水蜜的可滴定酸显著高于其它2个品种。     

安哥诺李果皮花青苷与内源激素、酶活性变化规律及其相关性

为了明确李果实花青苷合成的调控因子,以安哥诺李为试材,对果皮花青苷、内源激素和PAL、PPO活性的变化以及内源激素、酶活性与花青苷的相关性进行研究。结果表明,果皮花青苷含量在发育前期含量很低,发育后期含量迅速升高,呈上升趋势;果皮中ABA、乙烯、ZT含量和PPO活性与花青苷的变化趋势相同,乙烯释放量与花青苷呈极显著正相关关系r=0．8885**,ABA和ZT含量与花青苷呈显著正相关关系r=0．7159*和r=0．7476*,PPO活性未达显著水平;果皮中IAA、GA3含量和PAL活性变化在发育前期含量较高,在发育后期含量较低,果实发育过程中IAA、GA3含量呈逐渐下降趋势,与花青苷呈显著负相关关系r=-0．7039*和r=-0．8238*,PAL活性未达显著水平。     

Changes in fruit quality in black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) during maturation

Summary

Black chokeberry fruits are rich in anthocyanins and can be used as a raw material for the production of natural food colourants. Fruit quality was studied during maturation in three true black chokeberry cultivars and in three cultivars derived through hybridization between chokeberry and rowans (Sorbus spp.). For each trait studied, the three black chokeberry cultivars were very similar. The three hybrid cultivars differed however from the black chokeberry cultivars for some traits in both timing and size of the response which indicates that cultivar selection for improvement of fruit quality can hardly be done among the true black chokeberry genotypes but may be efficient when the hybrid cultivars are also included. For the black chokeberry cultivars, maximum berry weight was reached already by the 22 August. Anthocyanin content increased by 180% during the period mid-August to mid-September. Meanwhile, the content of undesirable brown compounds increased by 100%. The content of malic acid remained unchanged whereas total acidity decreased in the initial part of the study period. Variation among sampling dates in total acidity was negatively correlated with variation in berry weight which suggests that dilution by water uptake affects total acidity. For the true black chokeberry cultivars, optimal harvest date was determined to be 8 September for this trial, when both mean berry weight and anthocyanin content had reached their maximum. By harvesting one week earlier browning was reduced by 32% but with a simultaneous decrease in anthocyanin content of 20%.     

Effects of fruit bagging on coloring and related physiology,and qualities of red Chinese sand pears during fruit maturation

Red Chinese sand pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) are particular to China. In order to determine the effects of fruit bagging treatments (including bag types, bag removal patterns and dates) on fruit qualities and to understand the mechanism of coloring of red Chinese sand pears, two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ were firstly covered by light-impermeable paper bags with different levels of light permeable liners during their early development stage, then, the whole bag were/not removed or only the outer layer of bags were removed 3, 2 or 1 weeks before harvest. Thus, the fruit were/not totally re-exposed or were under different levels of sunlight transmission (80.31% or 34.71%). Non-bagged fruit were used as the control. Bagging treatments significantly affected the concentration of anthocyanin and the visual qualities of pear fruit. Compared to control, fruit re-exposed totally for 2 or 3 weeks accumulated the largest amount of anthocyanin and fruit receiving 80.31% and 34.71% of sunlight for 1–3 weeks could synthesize a little anthocyanin, indicating that high light intensity is imperative for coloring in red Chinese sand pears. Bagging treatments did not affect contents of total soluble sugars, but decreased organic acids contents in fruit. In the second experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ and ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ were covered with only one type of light-impermeable bag during the early development stage and totally re-exposed after the bag removal 15 days before harvest. Fruit were then collected at different intervals to trace the time-course of coloring, and related physiology and inner qualities. With increasing time after the bag removal, the concentration of chlorophyll, carotenoid, flavonoid and total phenols changed little, but the concentration of anthocyanin accumulated extremely fast within 10 days after the bag removal in both cultivars and thereafter kept constant. ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ had higher anthocyanin contents and lower hue angle than ‘Meirensu’, indicating a higher potential of anthocyanin synthesis. After the bag removal, the sucrose contents and PAL activities increased gradually and correlation analysis revealed that they were highly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation in two cultivars. This study suggests that anthocyanin biosynthesis in red Chinese sand pears is a highly light dependent process and modified by genotypes. Based on the current results, in order to obtain red Chinese sand pear fruit with attractive appearance and good inner qualities, fruit must be covered with light-impermeable bags at the early stage of fruit development and the bag should be removed totally at least 10 days before harvest.     

李果实发育过程中果皮色素、糖和总酚含量及多酚氧化酶活性的变化

大石早生、龙园秋李、黑宝石、安哥诺4个李品种在果实发育过程中,果皮叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、总酚以及类黄酮含量呈下降趋势,可溶性总糖、蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖、花青苷含量及多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性逐渐增加。除安哥诺的蔗糖、葡萄糖外,果皮花青苷与不同种类糖含量之间呈显著正相关或极显著正相关,大石早生蔗糖含量与花青苷含量呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.9688,龙园秋李、黑宝石则呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.9481、0.9447;黑宝石、安哥诺果糖与花青苷含量呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.9358、0.8925,大石早生、龙园秋李则呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.9438、0.9763;大石早生、龙园秋李、黑宝石果皮葡萄糖与花青苷含量呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.8940、0.9022、0.9424。龙园秋李、黑宝石这2个品种果皮总酚含量与PPO活性呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.9896、-0.9664。     

梨杂种后代与亲本物候期间相关遗传的研究

对梨的9个品种及8个杂交组合491株杂种树物候期间相关性和相关遗传的分析研究结果表明,不论是亲本还是杂种,萌芽期与开花期之间均呈显著的正相关;萌芽期与成熟期、开花期与成熟期之间均呈显著的负相关;落叶期与其它各物候期之间则不存在相关性.亲本与杂种在萌芽期与开花期、萌芽期与成熟期、开花期与成熟期之间均表现有相关遗传现象,因此,可根据亲本某一物候期预测杂种实生苗的另一相关物候期.     

甜樱桃和酸樱桃品种果实性状的综合评价

以‘早大果’、‘红灯’等14个生产上早栽培甜樱桃品种和1个酸樱桃品种‘CAB'为试材,研究了不同品种间形态性状、内在品质和主要内含物含量的差异显著性,并对各项测定指标进行相关性检验.结果表明:15个樱桃品种以单果均重、总酸、还原糖、可溶性固形物、花色苷、总酚和维生素C含量差异最明显,可见樱桃果实大小、风味和内含物含量受品种影响显著.相关性检验显示,总酚与总酸;花色苷与还原糖、可溶性固形物;果形指数与总酸、pH值;单果均重与单核均重;果实汁液色泽与糖酸、可溶性固形物、花色苷和总酚呈显著相关关系.     

红富士苹果果实着色与抗氧化酶活性的关系

 以红富士苹果(Malus×domestica Borkh ‘Fuji’ )为试材，通过测定不同时期果皮内色素含量 与抗氧化酶活性水平，对苹果着色和抗氧化的关系进行了研究。结果表明，花青苷的含量变化与果实抗氧化酶活性密切相关。果实着色前超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性较高，随着果实着色活性逐渐下降。套袋可抑制果实抗氧化酶活性，着色期去袋后，SOD、POD活性迅速升高；去袋2 d后，随着果皮内花青苷的积累，抗氧化酶活性逐渐下降。脂氧合酶(LOX)的活性也与花青苷含量的变化密切相关。LOX活性在果实着色前2—3周出现一次高峰，峰后随着花青苷的积累而逐渐降低。