不同蛋白质水平日粮中添加稀土螯合物对母猪及其哺乳仔猪的影响

本试验旨在研究不同粗蛋白质（CP）水平的玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加200 g/t稀土壳糖胺螯合盐（rare earth-chitosan chelate，RECC）对围产期母猪繁殖性能及其子代生长性能的影响。选择体况良好、胎次及预产期相近、怀孕90 d的妊娠母猪共60头，采用单因子随机区组设计分为3组，每组20头母猪，每个重复1头母猪，分别是对照组（日粮CP水平17.55%，不添加RECC）、试验Ⅰ组（日粮CP水平17.00%，RECC 200 g/t）和试验Ⅱ组（日粮CP水平16.00%，RECC 200 g/t）。试验从母猪妊娠第90天开始，至仔猪21 d断奶时结束，测定母猪的产仔性能和后代哺乳仔猪的生长性能。结果表明：与对照组相比，试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组母猪产程显著缩短（P<0.05），但总产仔数和产活仔数没有显著差异（P>0.05）；试验Ⅱ组母猪产后失重得到了显著改善（P<0.05），但断奶发情间隔无显著差异（P=0.30）；试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组母猪哺乳期平均日采食量（ADFI）有增加趋势（P=0.08），哺乳仔猪的初生重、断奶均重及平均日增重均无显著差异（P>0.05），但腹泻率显著降低（P<0.05）。综上所述，本试验条件下，日粮中CP水平为16.00%且添加200 g/t RECC时可提高母猪繁殖性能，缩短母猪产程，减少母猪失重，同时降低哺乳仔猪腹泻率，加快仔猪增重，对母猪生产繁殖水平的提升具有重大意义。     

不同代乳品及饲喂方式对荷斯坦奶公犊生产犊牛白肉影响的研究

为研究代乳粉(主要含乳类制品)液态饲喂和代乳料(主要含植物类饲料等)干喂对荷斯坦奶公犊生产犊牛白肉的影响,试验选用20头健康无病、体重和出生日期相近的荷斯坦奶公犊,随机分为2组,每组10头,进行了120 d的生长育肥试验。Ⅰ组饲喂市售的代乳粉(粗蛋白质22%,粗脂肪16%);Ⅱ组饲喂配制的代乳料(粗蛋白质22%,消化能16 MJ/kg)。结果表明:①Ⅱ组犊牛0~90 d平均日增重高于Ⅰ组犊牛,91~120 d平均日增重显著低于Ⅰ组犊牛(P< 0.05),但两组犊牛0~120 d平均日增重和试验末重均无显著差异(P> 0.05)。②不同代乳品及饲喂方式对奶公犊营养物质表观消化率均无显著影响(P> 0.05)。③Ⅰ组犊牛的胴体重、屠宰率和眼肌面积均显著高于Ⅱ组犊牛(P< 0.05),分别比Ⅱ组高11.88%、11.04%和8.12%,但两组间的胴体产肉率无显著差异(P> 0.05);两组犊牛背最长肌的pH、剪切力、蒸煮损失和肉色均无显著差异(P> 0.05),但Ⅰ组犊牛的失水率比Ⅱ组犊牛高20.83%(P< 0.01);Ⅰ组犊牛背最长肌中粗脂肪含量极显著高于Ⅱ组犊牛(P< 0.01),但两组犊牛背最长肌中水分、粗蛋白质、粗灰分、钙、磷和铁的含量均无显著差异(P> 0.05)。④Ⅱ组犊牛的饲养成本比Ⅰ组降低45.38%。综上所述,饲喂代乳料的犊牛可获得与饲喂代乳粉犊牛相似的生长性能和肉品质,显著降低饲养成本。     

Study on Production of White Veal with Holstein Bull Calves Fed on Different Milk Replacer and Feeding Methods

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of production of white veal with Holstein bull calves fed on the liquid milk replacer (containing mainly dairy products) feeding and the dry milk replacer (containing mainly plant diet, etc)feeding.20 healthy male calves with similar birth date and body weight were selected, and randomly divided into two groups (10 calves per group), for a period of 120 d white beef production fattening test.GroupⅠfed with milk replacer (commercial, 22% CP, 16% EE), groupⅡ fed with milk replacer (formulated, 22% CP, 16 MJ/kg DE).The results showed as follows:① 0 to 90 d ADG of group Ⅱ were higher than groupⅠ, 91 to 120 d ADG of group Ⅱ were significantly lower than groupⅠ (P< 0.05), but there were no significant differences in 0 to 120 d ADG and 120 d weight between two groups (P> 0.05).② There were no significant differences in the nutrient apparent digestibility of Holstein bull calves with different milk replacer and feeding methods (P> 0.05).③ Carcass weight, dressing percentage and eye muscle area of groupⅠcalves were significantly higher than those of group Ⅱ (P< 0.05), increased by 11.88%, 11.04% and 8.12%, respectively, but there was no significant difference in carcass meat production rate between two groups (P> 0.05).There was no significant differences in pH, shear force, cooking lose and meat color of longissimus between two groups (P> 0.05), but compared with group Ⅱ, the water lose rate of groupⅠincreased by 20.83% (P< 0.01).The content of EE of groupⅠwas significantly higher than group Ⅱ (P< 0.01), but there were no significant differences in the contents of moisture, CP, Ash, Ca, P and Fe of longissimus between two groups (P> 0.05).④Compared with groupⅠ, the feed cost of group Ⅱ was reduced by 45.38%.In summary, the growth performance and meat quality of two groups calves were similar, feeding cost was reduced significantly.     

Effect of Soybean Meal Replaced by Fermented Rapeseed Meal on Growth Performance,Meat Quality and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of soybean meal replacement by fermented rapeseed meal on growth performance,meat quality and serum biochemical indexes of broilers.A total 400 23-day-old Yellow-feathered male broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 25 broilers per replicate.The broilers in control group were fed a basal diet,and the others were fed the basal diets with the 3% (group Ⅰ),6% (group Ⅱ) and 9% (group Ⅲ) fermented rapeseed meal equal-nutritionally replacing the soybean meal,respectively.The experiment lasted for 43 days.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group,the ADG,ADFI and F/G of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ showed no significant differences (P>0.05);The ADG of group Ⅲ were 16.47% (P<0.05),15.03% (P<0.05) higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the F/G of group Ⅲ were 7.71% (P<0.05),4.27% (P>0.05) lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.② There were no significant differences in the pH₁,pH₂₄,meat color (L^*,a^*,b^*),cooking loss and tenderness of chest muscle among all groups(P>0.05);Compared with control group,the water loss rate of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly decreased (P<0.05).③ Compared with control group,the serum GLU content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 13.06%(P<0.05),8.12%(P>0.05) and 9.57%(P>0.05);The serum TP content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were increased by 2.50%(P>0.05),20.86%(P<0.05) and 33.92%(P<0.05);The serum GPT content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 7.99%(P>0.05),18.85%(P>0.05) and 26.98%(P<0.05).It was concluded that it would be feasible to replace the soybean meal with 3% to 9% fermented rapeseed meal in broiler feeding,and the optimum supplemental level of fermented rapeseed meal was 9%.     

发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响。选用23日龄黄羽肉公鸡400只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复25只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加3%、6%和9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕。试验期43 d。结果表明:①与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比差异均不显著(P>0.05);与试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比,试验Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重分别提高16.47%(P<0.05)、15.03%(P<0.05),料重比分别降低7.71%(P<0.05)和4.27%(P>0.05)。②各组肉鸡胸肌的pH₁、pH₂₄、肉色(L^*、a^*、b^*)、蒸煮损失和嫩度差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡胸肌的失水率与对照组相比均显著降低(P<0.05)。③与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡血清中葡萄糖含量分别降低13.06%(P<0.05)、8.12%(P>0.05)和9.57%(P>0.05);总蛋白含量分别提高2.50%(P>0.05)、20.86%(P<0.05)和33.92%(P<0.05);谷丙转氨酶含量分别降低7.99%(P>0.05)、18.85%(P>0.05)和26.98%(P<0.05)。综上所述,肉鸡日粮中添加3%~9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕是可行的,其中添加9%发酵菜籽粕效果最好。     

Effects of Dietary Supplemental Different Levels of Sugar Beet Pulp on the Digestion and Metabolism of Nutrients of Yanqi Horse

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplemental different levels of sugar beet pulp on the nutrients of digestion and metabolism in Yanqi horse.12 Yanqi horses were randomly divided into three groups according to performance,body weight,body measurement and age.The groups were referred to as the control group,group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ,each group with 4 Yanqi horses.Yanqi horses in the control group,group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were supplied with 0,0.6,1.2 kg/d of sugar beet pulp on the condition of feeding the same basal diet and roughage (oat straw).The total duration of the experiment was 20 days,the first 15 days of the experiment was the preliminary period,and the formal experiment lasted for 5 days.The results showed that compared with the control group,the apparent digestibility of OM,NDF,ADF and digestibility amount of NDF,ADF in group Ⅱ was extremely significantly improved (P<0.01),the digestibility amount of crude protein,calcium and the apparent digestibility of OM in group Ⅱ was significant difference (P<0.05);The digestibility amount of NDF,ADF of group Ⅰ was increased by 8.19% (P<0.05) and 9.43% (P<0.05),respectively,and the apparent digestibility (amount) of OM,crude protein,calcium were no significant difference (P>0.05).Compared with group Ⅰ,the apparent digestibility (amount) of OM,NDF,ADF of group Ⅱ were significantly or extremely significant difference (P<0.05;P<0.01),but the apparent digestibility (amount) of crude protein,calcium were no significant difference (P>0.05).Compared with the control group and group Ⅰ,the digestible engergy of group Ⅱ was increased by 14.92% (P<0.01) and 11.23% (P<0.01),but no significant difference was observed between group Ⅰ and control group (P>0.05);The metabolic engergy of group Ⅱ was increased by 11.73% (P<0.05) and 14.83% (P<0.05),respectively.Therefore,the digestion amount of OM,CP of Yanqi horse and the digestion amount and the apparent digestibility of NDF,ADF could be significantly or extremely significantly improved by the supplementation of 1.2 kg/d of sugar beet pulp,and the ability to use the nutrients were obviously improved for Yanqi horse.     

低水平聚天门冬氨酸锌对生长猪生长性能、血液指标、组织器官锌沉积及锌排放的影响

本试验旨在通过研究聚天门冬氨酸锌（PASP）对生长猪的生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、血清指标、组织器官锌沉积及锌排放的影响，探讨聚天门冬氨酸锌对硫酸锌的替代效果。试验选用体重相近[（31.73±3.50） kg]的（杜×长×大）三元杂交猪90头，随机分为3组，每组6个重复，每个重复5头猪。对照组锌水平及锌源为80 mg·kg^-1一水硫酸锌（ZnSO₄·H₂O），试验Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组锌水平及锌源分别为60与40 mg·kg^-1聚天门冬氨酸锌；试验预试期7 d，正试期30 d。结果表明：1）试验组与对照组平均日增重、料重比及腹泻率均无显著差异（P>0.05）。2）试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组钙（Ca）消化率显著高于对照组（P<0.05），粗蛋白质（CP）、粗脂肪（EE）、粗纤维（CF）、粗灰分（Ash）及磷（P）表观消化率在各组间无显著差异（P>0.05），试验Ⅰ组锌表观消化率显著高于对照组和试验Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。3）试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组粪锌水平分别比对照组降低了21.65%和30.87%，差异显著（P<0.01）。4）对照组血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）活性显著高于试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组（P<0.05），试验Ⅰ组球蛋白（GLB）水平显著高于对照组和试验Ⅱ组（P<0.05），血糖（GLU）、总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、总胆固醇（TC）及碱性磷酸酶（AKP）等指标在各组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。5）各组间肝、肾、胰、脾、骨骼、毛发、背最长肌中锌的沉积量均无显著差异（P>0.05），试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组血清锌浓度显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。综上所述，本试验条件下，饲粮中添加40 mg·kg^-1聚天门冬氨酸锌即可满足该阶段猪的生长需要，并显著降低粪中锌的含量，进而证明聚天门冬氨酸锌在生长猪饲粮中可替代高剂量硫酸锌且有一定的减排作用。     

Effects of Low Levels Zinc Polyaspartic Acid on Growth Performance,Blood Parameters,Tissue and Organ Zinc Accumulations and Zinc Emission of Growing Pigs

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of zinc polyaspartic acid (PASP) monohydrate on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility, serum indexes, tissue and organ zinc accumulations and zinc emission of growing pigs, and to determine the substitution effect of zinc polyaspartic acid for zinc sulfate. Ninety Duroc×Landrace×Large White growing pigs with the body weight of (31.73±3.50) kg were randomly assigned into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 5 pigs per replicate. The zinc level and source of the control group was 80 mg·kg^-1 zinc sulfate, while group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were 60 and 40 mg·kg^-1 zinc polyaspartic acid monohydrate, respectively. Pre-trial period was 7 days, and formal experiment period was 30 days. The results showed as follows: 1) There was no significant difference in average daily gain, feed to weight ratio and diarrhea rate among control group and test groups (P>0.05). 2) The calcium (Ca) apparent digestibilities of test group I and test group Ⅱ were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05); There was no significant difference among groups in apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), crude fiber (CF), crude ash (Ash) and phosphorus (P) (P>0.05). The apparent digestibility of zinc in the test group Ⅰ was significantly higher than those of the control group and the test group Ⅱ (P<0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, the fecal zinc content in the test group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were decreased by 21.65% and 30.87%, respectively, and the difference was significant (P<0.01). 4)The glutamate transaminase (ALT) activity of control group was significantly higher than those of test group Ⅰ and Ⅱ(P<0.05), the globulin(GLB) level of test group Ⅰ was significantly higher than those of control group and test groupⅡ(P<0.05), the indexes of blood glucose (GLU), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), total cholesterol (TC) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) were not significantly different among groups (P>0.05). 5)There were no significant difference of the zinc accumulations in liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, bone, hair, longgissimus dorsi among groups (P>0.05), the serum zinc concentrations of test group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05). In summary, under this experimental condition, 40 mg·kg^-1zinc polyaspartic acid monohydrate could satisfy the needs of growing pigs at this stage, the fecal zinc content was significantly reduced, thus proving the feasibility of adding polyaspartic zinc instead of high dose zinc sulfate in growing pigs’ feed, and the emission reduction of zinc.     

母猪日粮中添加低聚壳聚糖对哺乳仔猪生长、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在探讨母猪日粮中添加低聚壳聚糖对哺乳仔猪生长、血液生化指标、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响。选用24头胎次、体重和预产期相近的健康大白猪母猪，随机分为3组，每组8个重复，每个重复1头母猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮，Ⅰ、Ⅱ组饲喂分别添加50和100 g/t低聚壳聚糖的基础日粮，试验从母猪妊娠第85天开始至分娩后第21天时结束。结果显示：①Ⅱ组哺乳仔猪腹泻率显著低于对照组和Ⅰ组（P < 0.05），Ⅰ组与对照组差异不显著（P > 0.05）；与对照组相比，Ⅰ、Ⅱ组仔猪21日龄体重显著提高（P < 0.05）。②Ⅰ组仔猪血浆乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性和甘油三酯（TG）浓度，Ⅱ组α-淀粉酶（α-AMY）、LDH活性和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）浓度均显著低于对照组（P < 0.05）。③Ⅱ组哺乳仔猪血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，皮质醇、白介素-10（IL-10）、白介素-1β（IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）含量均显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组（P < 0.05），而丙二醛（MDA）浓度显著低于对照组（P < 0.05）。④低聚壳聚糖组母猪初乳中免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、IgA和IgM含量均显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）；Ⅰ组仔猪血清IgG和IgA含量、Ⅱ组仔猪血清IgA含量均显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）。综上所述，母猪日粮中添加一定量的低聚壳聚糖能够提高哺乳仔猪的抗氧化能力、增强机体免疫能力、降低腹泻率，从而提高哺乳仔猪生长性能。     

日粮添加不同水平甜菜粕对焉耆马营养物质消化代谢的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平甜菜粕对焉耆马营养物质消化代谢的影响。选取运动成绩、体重、年龄和体尺相近的焉耆马12匹,随机分为3组,每组4匹。对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组在饲喂相同的基础日粮和粗饲料(燕麦秸)的条件下分别补饲0、0.6和1.2 kg/d甜菜粕。试验期20 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期5 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组焉耆马对有机物、NDF、ADF的消化量和对日粮NDF、ADF的表观消化率均有极显著提高(P<0.01),对粗蛋白质、钙的消化量和对有机物的表观消化率影响差异显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组焉耆马对NDF和ADF的消化量分别增加了8.19%、9.43%,均达到了显著水平(P<0.05),而对有机物、粗蛋白质、钙的消化量和表观消化率均差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ组焉耆马对有机物、NDF和ADF的消化量和表观消化率与试验Ⅰ组相比,均达到了显著或极显著水平(P<0.05;P<0.01),但对粗蛋白质和钙的消化量和表观消化率影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验Ⅱ组焉耆马的消化能与对照组和试验Ⅰ组相比分别提高14.92%(P<0.01)和11.23%(P<0.01),而试验Ⅰ组与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05);对代谢能而言,试验Ⅱ组比对照组和试验Ⅰ组分别提高11.73%(P>0.05)和14.83%(P<0.05)。因此,日粮中添加1.2 kg/d的甜菜粕,可显著提高焉耆马对日粮有机物和粗蛋白质的消化量,极显著提高NDF和ADF的表观消化量(率)及消化能,可明显改善焉耆马对营养物质的利用率。     

复合营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究不同营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响。采用单因素完全随机区组试验设计,将48只健康、体重相近(28.01±1.70)kg的7月龄放牧母羊随机分为4组,Ⅰ组不补饲;Ⅱ组补饲常规精料;Ⅲ组补饲常规精料+复合配方1 (0.30%苹果酸、0.06%半胱胺、0.08%糖萜素);Ⅳ组补饲常规精料+饲料复合配方2 (0.60%苹果酸、0.12%半胱胺、0.16%糖萜素)。其中每组3个重复,每个重复4只,进行45 d饲养试验。结果表明:①试验Ⅲ组末重最高,较Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高6.26% (P>0.05)、3.69% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组平均日增重最高,较Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高26.32% (P<0.01)、5.74% (P>0.05)。②试验Ⅲ组的屠宰率较Ⅱ组提高4.68% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组的净肉率较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高18.46% (P<0.05)、10.97% (P>0.05)和4.40% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组的胴体净肉重较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高49.74% (P<0.01)、13.22% (P>0.05)和18.27% (P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组的胴体净肉率较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高10.42% (P<0.01)、6.00% (P>0.05)和3.37% (P>0.05)。③在血清GLU、Ca、P、HDL、LDL、GPT、IgG含量中,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ和Ⅲ组依次呈上升趋势,而其A/G、TG含量依次呈下降趋势。综上,补饲复合营养调控剂可改善冷季放牧绵羊的生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标,其中补饲复合配方1组(试验Ⅲ组)作用效果最佳。     

Effects of Complex Nutritional Regulation Additives on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Grazing Sheep in Cold Season

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of complex nutritional regulation additives on growth performance, slaughter performance and serum biochemical indexes of grazing sheep in cold season.A single factor random block design was used and 48 grazing ewes with the average weight (28.01±1.70) kg and 7 months old were randomly divided into 4 groups:Group Ⅰ without supplement;Group Ⅱ with concentrate;Group Ⅲ with concentrate+complex formulation 1 (0.30% malic acid, 0.06% cysteamine, 0.08% saccharicterpenin);Group Ⅳ with concentrate+complex formulation 2 (0.60% malic acid, 0.12% cysteamine, 0.16% saccharicterpenin)with 3 replicates per group and 4 grazing ewes per replicate.The results showed that:①The final weight of group Ⅲ was the highest and higher than group Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 6.26% (P>0.05)、3.69% (P>0.05), respectively.The average daily gain of group Ⅲ was highest, and higher than group Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 26.32% (P<0.01)、5.74% (P>0.05) respectively.②Comparing with group Ⅱ, the slaughter rate of group Ⅲ was increased by 4.68% (P>0.05).Compared with groupⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ, the meat percentage of group Ⅲ was increased 18.46% (P<0.05), 10.97% (P>0.05) and 4.40% (P>0.05), while the net meat weight of carcass in group Ⅲ was increased by 49.74% (P<0.01), 13.22% (P>0.05) and 18.27% (P<0.05), respectively.Compared with groupⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ, the net meat rat of carcass in group Ⅲ was increased 10.42% (P<0.01)、6.00% (P>0.05) and 3.37% (P>0.05), respectively.③There was a rising trend as the order of groupⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ and Ⅲ in serum glucose, Ca, P, HDL, LDL, GPT and IgG, while A/G and TG showed a decreasing trend.Based on the above results, in this trial, supplementing complex nutritional regulation additives had good effects on growth performance, slaughter performance and serum biochemical indexes of grazing sheep in cold season.And supplementing complex formulation group 1 (group Ⅲ) was the best.     

芽孢杆菌制剂对断奶仔猪血液和免疫指标的影响

试验针对不同芽孢杆菌复合制剂对断奶仔猪血液学指标、血液生化指标和免疫功能的影响进行了研究。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组在基础日粮中分别添加凝结芽孢杆菌+巨大芽孢杆菌、酪酸菌+巨大芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌+酪酸菌、凝结芽孢杆菌+酪酸菌+巨大芽孢杆菌复合制剂,添加量0.2%,饲喂43 d。结果表明,各组的血液红细胞数、白细胞数、血小板数和血红蛋白浓度均无显著差异(P>0.05)。各组的血清谷丙转氨酶、总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮、肌酐和葡萄糖含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的血清谷草转氨酶含量与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),但试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组则显著提高(P<0.05)。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),但试验Ⅳ组则显著提高(P<0.05)。试验Ⅰ组的血清IgG和IgM含量与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),但试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组则显著提高(P<0.05)。研究结果为芽孢杆菌在养殖业中的应用提供了一定的理论依据和参考价值。     

饲粮添加辣诺提取物对经产母猪及其仔猪生产性能的影响

本试验旨在研究辣诺提取物(辣木和诺丽果提取物)对经产母猪繁殖性能及哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响。选取60头2～4胎长白×大白母猪,随机分为2个处理,每个处理30个重复,每个重复1头母猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂添加500 mg/kg辣诺提取物的基础饲粮。试验期28 d(产前7 d～哺乳21 d断奶)。结果表明:辣诺提取物对母猪产程和断奶后7 d发情率无显著影响;辣诺提取物对哺乳仔猪生长性能无显著影响。综上所述,产前1周的经产母猪饲粮中添加辣诺提取物未能改善母仔猪的生产性能,但在一定程度上缩短了母猪产程,促进了母猪断奶后发情。     

不同饲喂水平对多胎萨福克公羊生长性能、屠宰性能和器官发育的影响

【目的】试验旨在研究饲喂水平对多胎萨福克公羊生长性能、屠宰性能、内脏等器官发育的影响。【方法】采用单因素试验方法,选择体况健康、体重相近(20.00±1.50 kg)的多胎萨福克公羊18只,随机分成3组,每组6只,试验Ⅰ组自由采食,试验Ⅱ组饲喂自由采食量的60%,试验Ⅲ组饲喂自由采食量的40%。当试验Ⅰ组试验羊平均体重达到35 kg时,将所有试验羊屠宰,测定生长性能、屠宰性能及内脏器官重量和发育情况。预饲期7 d,正试期50 d。【结果】(1)随着饲喂水平降低,试验羊平均干物质采食量(ADMI)、终末体重、净增重、平均日增重(ADG)均显著降低(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组料重比(F/G)均显著低于试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。(2)试验Ⅰ组胴体重、胴体净肉重和脂肪重显著高于试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组,各组间差异均显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组净肉率显著高于其他2组(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组骨重、肉骨比和腹脂重显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组腹脂率显著低于其他2组(P<0.05)。(3)试验Ⅰ组瘤胃重量最高,试验Ⅲ组最低,且各组之间差异显著(P<0.0...     

精料中维生素A添加水平对生茸期马鹿日粮营养物质消化、血液生化指标及鹿茸产量的影响

为研究精料维生素A（VA）添加水平对生茸期马鹿日粮营养物质消化、血液生化指标及鹿茸产量的影响，以阿尔泰马鹿为研究对象，选择健康、体重相近的5~7岁龄公鹿18头，随机分为3组，分别为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组，每组6头。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂VA添加水平为12 800、18 800和24 800 IU/kg的精料，粗饲料由苜蓿干草和麦秸组成，自由采食。预试期15 d，正试期66 d。结果表明：①试验Ⅰ组干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）、钙（Ca）、磷（P）的采食量极显著高于试验Ⅱ组（P<0.01），且粗蛋白质（CP）、粗脂肪（EE）采食量显著高于试验Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。试验Ⅲ组粗蛋白质、磷采食量显著高于试验Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。②试验Ⅰ组磷消化率显著高于试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组（P<0.05），其余营养物质消化率各组间无显著差异（P>0.05）。③精料VA添加水平对阿尔泰马鹿的蛋白质代谢和糖脂代谢没有产生显著影响（P>0.05）。但血液总蛋白（TP）、血糖（GLU）随着VA添加水平的升高有升高的趋势，而总胆固醇（TC）、尿素氮（UREA）等则有下降的趋势。④血液谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性随着VA水平的升高而降低，其中试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组的碱性磷酸酶活性显著低于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.05）。⑤血液免疫球蛋白含量随着VA添加水平的升高而升高，其中试验Ⅲ组的免疫球蛋白G（IgG）含量极显著高于试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组（P<0.01）。⑥试验Ⅲ组的丙二醛（MDA）含量显著低于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.05）、谷胱甘肽-过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）活性极显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.01）。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）随着VA添加水平升高呈极显著升高变化（P<0.01）。⑦试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组血液生长激素（GH）含量极显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.01），试验Ⅲ组的胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）和VA含量极显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.01），血液雌二醇（E₂）含量随着饲喂精料VA水平的升高而升高（P<0.01）。血液睾酮（T）和25-羟基维生素D₃（25-OH-VD₃）含量有随VA水平升高而升高的趋势（P>0.05）。⑧各组之间鹿茸产量无显著性差异（P>0.05），其中试验Ⅰ组最高，试验Ⅲ组产茸量最低。综上，在本试验条件下，精料VA添加水平为12 800 IU/kg时阿尔泰马鹿有较高的采食量和鹿茸产量，精料VA添加水平为24 800 IU/kg时阿尔泰马鹿有较强的免疫和抗氧化功能。综合生产效益，推荐马鹿精料VA添加水平为12 800 IU/kg。     

妊娠后期母猪和仔猪补饲外源精胺对初生和28日龄仔猪肠道形态结构及二糖酶活性的影响

本文通过研究妊娠后期母猪和仔猪补饲外源精胺对初生和28日龄仔猪肠道形态结构和二糖酶活性的影响,初步探讨干预“仔猪早期断奶综合征”的技术措施.试验第1阶段,选择6头体重和膘情相近、胎次为3、已怀孕91 d的健康“长×大”母猪,随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ3个组,每个组设2个重复,每个重复1头母猪.Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组妊娠母猪饲粮中外源精胺的添加量为0、1.5和3.0 mg/kg,饲喂至分娩结束;第2阶段,分娩后母猪采食同一种不含外源精胺的饲粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组哺乳仔猪于7日龄起相应补饲外源精胺添加量为0、3.0和6.0 mg/kg的哺乳仔猪饲粮至28日龄.在仔猪初生和28日龄时,分别从每窝仔猪中选1头接近平均体重的健康仔猪进行屠宰,用于胃肠发育指标的测定.结果表明:与未添加外源精胺相比,妊娠母猪饲粮添加3.0 mg/kg外源精胺显著提高了初生仔猪十二指肠和回肠的柱状细胞数量、十二指肠和空肠的杯状细胞数量(P＜0.05),显著增加了空肠隐窝深度(P＜0.05),显著提高了麦芽糖酶和蔗糖酶比活力(P＜0.05);哺乳仔猪饲粮添加6.0 mg/kg外源精胺显著增加了28日龄仔猪空肠黏膜重(P＜0.05),显著提高了十二指肠和空肠的麦芽糖酶和蔗糖酶比活力(P＜0.05),极显著增加了空肠柱状细胞和杯状细胞数量(P＜0.01),极显著增加了十二指肠和空肠隐窝深度(P＜0.01).因此,在妊娠后期母猪和哺乳仔猪饲粮中添加外源精胺有利于初生和28日龄仔猪肠道形态结构的改善和二糖酶活性的提高.     

13~17周龄雄性雉鸡饲粮适宜代谢能水平研究

【目的】试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能水平对13~17周龄雄性雉鸡生长性能、营养物质表观代谢率、能量利用和血清生化指标的影响,明确该时期雉鸡适宜的饲粮代谢能水平。【方法】选取13周龄、体重相近(734.63 g±18.03 g)的健康雄性雉鸡240只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只雉鸡。采用单因素试验设计,各组饲粮代谢能水平分别设定为11.30(Ⅰ组)、11.72(Ⅱ组)、12.14(Ⅲ组)和12.56(Ⅳ组) MJ/kg,预试期7 d,正试期35 d。【结果】①饲粮代谢能水平极显著影响平均日采食量(ADFI)(P<0.01),其中Ⅳ组ADFI极显著低于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P＜0.01)。料重比(F/G)在各组间无显著差异(P＞0.05),其中Ⅱ组最低。②饲粮代谢能水平对干物质(DM)表观代谢率和粗脂肪(EE)表观代谢率有极显著影响(P＜0.01)。粗蛋白质(CP)表观代谢率在各组间无显著差异(P＞0.05),其中Ⅱ组最高。③各组间摄入总能、排泄物总能和代谢能摄入量(MEI)均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组总能表观代谢率均极显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.01),其中Ⅱ组最高。④各组间血清胆固醇(CHO)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和葡萄糖(GLU)含量均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。Ⅲ组甘油三酯(TG)含量极显著高于其余各组(P＜0.01),Ⅱ组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量极显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.01)。Ⅱ和Ⅲ组血清中总蛋白(TP)含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05),Ⅲ组白蛋白(ALB)含量显著或极显著高于其余各组(P＜0.05;P＜0.01)。【结论】比较4个试验组,Ⅱ组雉鸡平均日增重(ADG)最高,F/G最低,且Ⅱ组雉鸡营养物质表观代谢率、摄入能量水平及能量利用率也较高,故Ⅱ组饲粮代谢能水平(实测值为12.30 MJ/kg)对13~17周龄雄性雉鸡较为适宜。     

发酵花生秧对番鸭生产性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标及鸭粪常规成分的影响

本研究旨在探究发酵花生秧的营养价值及其对番鸭生产性能、屠宰性能、生化指标及鸭粪污染指标的影响,探讨利用发酵花生秧进行番鸭节粮养殖的可行性。选取15日龄的公番鸭360只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组饲喂90%基础日粮+10%发酵花生秧,试验Ⅱ组饲喂85%基础日粮+15%发酵花生秧,试验Ⅲ组饲喂80%基础日粮+20%发酵花生秧,预饲期7 d,正式试验期48 d,测定并计算各组番鸭的生产性能、屠宰性能及各脏器指数,同时采集各组番鸭的血清、肌肉及新鲜粪样,测定血清生化指标及鸭粪常规成分的变化情况。结果表明,①与未发酵的花生秧相比,发酵后的花生秧粗蛋白质、钙水平分别上升31.82%（P<0.01）、97.40%（P<0.01）;粗纤维、磷及水分含量分别下降2.35%（P<0.05）、20.69%（P<0.05）、53.23%（P<0.01）,营养价值得到提升。②与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组料重比分别下降6.51%（P<0.01）、6.84%（P<0.01）;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的腿肌率分别上升20.50%（P<0.05）、25.55%（P<0.05）、9.27%（P>0.05）;肝脏指数分别上升9.90%（P>0.05）、12.23%（P<0.05）、3.18%（P>0.05）;肌胃指数分别上升17.70%（P<0.05）、30.82%（P<0.05）、36.66%（P<0.05）;腺胃指数分别上升1.37%（P>0.05）、32.99%（P<0.05）、36.43%（P<0.05）;③发酵花生秧可影响番鸭血清中TP、ALB、GLB、A/G、ALT、AST、AST/ALT、UREA、UA、CRE含量;与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组鸭粪中的总氮、磷、钾、水分含量均呈下降趋势。综上,10%、20%发酵花生秧饲料能显著提高番鸭的生产性能,明显降低增重成本,对番鸭的产肉性能无明显影响,但可能对其肝脏功能、肾脏功能、免疫功能有一定的影响。     

Effects of Fermented Peanut Vine on Production Performance,Slaughter Performance,Serum Biochemical Indexes and Feces' Routine Ingredients in Muscovy Ducks

The aim of this study was to explore the nutritional value of fermented peanut vine and its effects on the production performance,slaughter performance,serum biochemical indexes and feces' routine ingredient in Muscovy ducks.The feasibility of fermented peanut vine that applied to grain-saving feeding in Muscovy ducks was also explored.Three hundred and sixty 15-day-old male Muscovy ducks were randomly divided into 4 groups,6 repetitions in each group,15 ducks each repetition.The ducks in control group were fed with basic diet,while in group Ⅰ were fed with 90% basic diet+10% fermented peanut vine,in group Ⅱ were fed with 85% basic diet+15% fermented peanut vine and in group Ⅲ were fed with 80% basic diet+20% fermented peanut vine.After 7 days pre-feeding period and 48 days feeding period,production performance,slaughter performance and organ indexes were then measured.Meanwhile,serum,muscle and fresh feces were collected for measurement of the levels of biochemical indexes and feces'routine ingredients.The results showed that:① Compared to unfermented peanut vine,CP and Ca levels of fermented peanut vine were elevated by 31.82% (P<0.01) and 97.40% (P<0.01) respectively,while CF,P and H₂O levels were decreased by 2.35% (P<0.05),20.69% (P<0.05) and 53.23% (P<0.01) respectively.Nutritional value of fermented peanut vine was clearly increased.② Compared to control group, F/G of group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were decreased by 6.51% (P<0.01) and 6.84% (P<0.01) respectively.The leg muscle rate of groupⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were improved by 20.50% (P<0.05),25.55% (P<0.05) and 9.27% (P>0.05) respectively,and liver indexes were increased by 9.90% (P>0.05)、12.23% (P<0.05) and 3.18% (P>0.05) respectively,gizzard indexes were elevated by 17.70% (P<0.05),30.82%(P<0.05) and 36.66% (P<0.05) respectively,and glandular stomach indexes were increased by 1.37% (P>0.05),32.99% (P<0.05) and 36.43% (P<0.05) respectively.③ Fermented peanut vine could affect the levels of TP,ALB,GLB,A/G,ALT,AST,AST/ALT,UREA,UA and CRE in serum of Muscovy ducks.Compared to control group,N,P,K and H₂O levels in feces of ducks were decreased in the test groups.In conclusion,10% and 20% fermented peanut vine could markedly improve the production performance,reduce cost to gain ratio,and did not affect meat performance.But fermented peanut vine might affect the function of liver,kidney and immune in Muscovy ducks.