发酵花生秧对番鸭生产性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标及鸭粪常规成分的影响

本研究旨在探究发酵花生秧的营养价值及其对番鸭生产性能、屠宰性能、生化指标及鸭粪污染指标的影响,探讨利用发酵花生秧进行番鸭节粮养殖的可行性。选取15日龄的公番鸭360只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组饲喂90%基础日粮+10%发酵花生秧,试验Ⅱ组饲喂85%基础日粮+15%发酵花生秧,试验Ⅲ组饲喂80%基础日粮+20%发酵花生秧,预饲期7 d,正式试验期48 d,测定并计算各组番鸭的生产性能、屠宰性能及各脏器指数,同时采集各组番鸭的血清、肌肉及新鲜粪样,测定血清生化指标及鸭粪常规成分的变化情况。结果表明,①与未发酵的花生秧相比,发酵后的花生秧粗蛋白质、钙水平分别上升31.82%（P<0.01）、97.40%（P<0.01）;粗纤维、磷及水分含量分别下降2.35%（P<0.05）、20.69%（P<0.05）、53.23%（P<0.01）,营养价值得到提升。②与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组料重比分别下降6.51%（P<0.01）、6.84%（P<0.01）;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的腿肌率分别上升20.50%（P<0.05）、25.55%（P<0.05）、9.27%（P>0.05）;肝脏指数分别上升9.90%（P>0.05）、12.23%（P<0.05）、3.18%（P>0.05）;肌胃指数分别上升17.70%（P<0.05）、30.82%（P<0.05）、36.66%（P<0.05）;腺胃指数分别上升1.37%（P>0.05）、32.99%（P<0.05）、36.43%（P<0.05）;③发酵花生秧可影响番鸭血清中TP、ALB、GLB、A/G、ALT、AST、AST/ALT、UREA、UA、CRE含量;与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组鸭粪中的总氮、磷、钾、水分含量均呈下降趋势。综上,10%、20%发酵花生秧饲料能显著提高番鸭的生产性能,明显降低增重成本,对番鸭的产肉性能无明显影响,但可能对其肝脏功能、肾脏功能、免疫功能有一定的影响。     

发酵穿心莲粉对番鸭生产性能、血清生化指标、免疫相关指标、抗氧化指标及肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响

【目的】本试验旨在研究发酵穿心莲粉对番鸭生产性能、血清生化指标、免疫相关指标、抗氧化指标及肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响。【方法】利用复合菌剂（酵母菌和乳酸菌质量比1：1）发酵穿心莲粉,根据发酵前后成分变化对其微生态功能及药用价值进行分析。将450只15日龄体重250 g左右的黑羽番鸭随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只。对照Ⅰ组饲喂基础饲粮,对照Ⅱ组在基础饲粮中添加3%穿心莲粉,发酵Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础饲粮中添加1%、3%和5%的发酵穿心莲粉,预试期7 d,正试期48 d。分别于16、21、42、70日龄对番鸭称重,于70日龄从每组随机选取6只番鸭（每个重复随机取1只）屠宰,采集血液、左侧胸肌样品,测定血清生化指标、免疫相关指标及抗氧化指标、肌肉脂肪酸含量。【结果】①穿心莲粉经复合菌剂发酵后,活菌数超过2.0×10⁸ CFU/g,粗纤维含量虽有降低但差异不显著（P>0.05）。②发酵Ⅱ组16~70日龄的料重比显著或极显著低于对照Ⅰ组和发酵Ⅲ组（P<0.05;P<0.01）。③发酵Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的屠宰率均显著高于对照Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。④发酵Ⅱ、Ⅲ组和对照Ⅱ组番鸭血清的IL-2水平均极显著高于对照Ⅰ组和发酵Ⅰ组（P<0.01）。⑤发酵Ⅱ组的血清丙二醛水平极显著或显著低于对照Ⅰ组和对照Ⅱ组（P<0.01;P<0.05）。⑥发酵Ⅱ组的肌肉不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸及必需脂肪酸含量均显著或极显著高于对照Ⅰ组（P<0.05;P<0.01）。【结论】与基础饲粮组相比,3%发酵穿心莲粉可显著提高番鸭的生产性能、血清IL-2水平、肌肉不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量,减少番鸭脂质过氧化,提高机体抗氧化能力。此外,3%发酵穿心莲粉对番鸭屠宰率和抗氧化能力的影响要显著优于同比例未发酵穿心莲粉。     

Effect of Fermented Peanut Shell on Production Performance,Carcass Traits,Meat Quality and Economic Benefits of Fattening Pigs

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented peanut shell on production performance, carcass traits, meat quality and economic benefits of fattening pigs.100 fattening pigs (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) with an average weight of 50 kg were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates per group and 5 pigs per replicate.The control group was fed with corn-concentrates-based feed, groups 1 to 4 were fed with the basal diets supplemented with 10% fermented peanut shell, 20% fermented peanut shell, 30% fermented peanut shell and 15% fermentation of corn stalk, respectively.The trial lasted for 66 days.The results showed that ADFI in control group, group 2 and group 3 were significantly higher than that in group 1 and group 4 (P<0.05), ADG in control group and group 3 were significantly higher than that in group 1 and group 4 (P<0.05), there was no significant difference in F/G among all groups (P>0.05).Diarrhea frequencies in groups 1 to 4 were extremely significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.01).There were no significant differences in carcass quality, slaughter rate, backfat thickness and eye muscle area among all groups (P>0.05), lean meat percentage in group 2 was significantly lower than that in control group and group 1 (P<0.05).There were no significant differences in marbling, meat color, tenderness, intramuscular fat, water loss and cooked meat percentage among all groups (P>0.05), water losses in groups 1 to 4 were lower than that in control group, but the differences were not significant (P>0.05).According to the economic benefit analysis showed that in pig from 50 to 90 kg, average profit of each pig in control group was 47.60 yuan, average profits of each pig in groups 1 to 4 were respectively 56.40, 60.40, 78.80 and 58.80 yuan, while group 3 was optimal.Based on the analysis of the above result, the fermented peanut shell had no bad effect on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of pigs, and it could effectively reduce the diarrhea frequency of pigs, improve the system of hydraulic of pork, when the fermented peanut shells were appropriatly applied in pigs feed, which could effectively reduce the breeding cost, and improve the economic benefit.     

发酵花生壳对育肥猪生产性能、胴体性状、肉品质及经济效益的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵花生壳对育肥猪生产性能、胴体性状、肉品质及经济效益的影响。选用100头50 kg左右、健康的杜×长×大三元杂交育肥猪,随机分成5组,每组4个重复,每个重复5头猪。对照组饲喂玉米—浓缩料型基础日粮,试验1~4组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加10%发酵花生壳、20%发酵花生壳、30%发酵花生壳、15%发酵玉米秸秆的试验日粮,试验期66 d。结果表明,对照组及试验2、3组平均日采食量显著高于试验1、4组(P<0.05),对照组和试验3组平均日增重显著高于试验1、4组(P<0.05),各组间料重比差异均不显著(P>0.05),试验1、2、3、4组腹泻频率均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);各组间胴体质量、屠宰率、背膘厚度、眼肌面积差异均不显著(P>0.05),试验2组瘦肉率显著低于对照组和试验1组(P<0.05);各组间大理石纹、肉色、嫩度、肌内脂肪、失水率及熟肉率差异均不显著(P>0.05),但试验1、2、3、4组失水率低于对照组,差异不显著(P>0.05);根据经济效益分析表明,在育肥猪从50~90 kg阶段,对照组每头猪平均盈利47.60元,试验1、2、3、4组每头猪平均盈利分别为56.40、60.40、78.80、58.80元,其中试验3组最优。综合上述的分析结果可知,发酵花生壳对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质无不良影响,且能有效地降低育肥猪的腹泻频率,提高猪肉的系水力,适当的添加可有效地降低饲养成本,提高经济效益。     

Effect of Soybean Meal Replaced by Fermented Rapeseed Meal on Growth Performance,Meat Quality and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of soybean meal replacement by fermented rapeseed meal on growth performance,meat quality and serum biochemical indexes of broilers.A total 400 23-day-old Yellow-feathered male broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 25 broilers per replicate.The broilers in control group were fed a basal diet,and the others were fed the basal diets with the 3% (group Ⅰ),6% (group Ⅱ) and 9% (group Ⅲ) fermented rapeseed meal equal-nutritionally replacing the soybean meal,respectively.The experiment lasted for 43 days.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group,the ADG,ADFI and F/G of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ showed no significant differences (P>0.05);The ADG of group Ⅲ were 16.47% (P<0.05),15.03% (P<0.05) higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the F/G of group Ⅲ were 7.71% (P<0.05),4.27% (P>0.05) lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.② There were no significant differences in the pH₁,pH₂₄,meat color (L^*,a^*,b^*),cooking loss and tenderness of chest muscle among all groups(P>0.05);Compared with control group,the water loss rate of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly decreased (P<0.05).③ Compared with control group,the serum GLU content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 13.06%(P<0.05),8.12%(P>0.05) and 9.57%(P>0.05);The serum TP content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were increased by 2.50%(P>0.05),20.86%(P<0.05) and 33.92%(P<0.05);The serum GPT content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 7.99%(P>0.05),18.85%(P>0.05) and 26.98%(P<0.05).It was concluded that it would be feasible to replace the soybean meal with 3% to 9% fermented rapeseed meal in broiler feeding,and the optimum supplemental level of fermented rapeseed meal was 9%.     

发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响。选用23日龄黄羽肉公鸡400只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复25只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加3%、6%和9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕。试验期43 d。结果表明:①与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比差异均不显著(P>0.05);与试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比,试验Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重分别提高16.47%(P<0.05)、15.03%(P<0.05),料重比分别降低7.71%(P<0.05)和4.27%(P>0.05)。②各组肉鸡胸肌的pH₁、pH₂₄、肉色(L^*、a^*、b^*)、蒸煮损失和嫩度差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡胸肌的失水率与对照组相比均显著降低(P<0.05)。③与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡血清中葡萄糖含量分别降低13.06%(P<0.05)、8.12%(P>0.05)和9.57%(P>0.05);总蛋白含量分别提高2.50%(P>0.05)、20.86%(P<0.05)和33.92%(P<0.05);谷丙转氨酶含量分别降低7.99%(P>0.05)、18.85%(P>0.05)和26.98%(P<0.05)。综上所述,肉鸡日粮中添加3%~9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕是可行的,其中添加9%发酵菜籽粕效果最好。     

饮用磁化水对羔羊生长性能、消化代谢和屠宰性能的影响

试验旨在研究饮用磁化水对羔羊生长、消化代谢和屠宰性能的影响。选择12只20日龄、平均体重(5.57±0.36)kg的断奶小尾寒羊公羔,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组6只。在自由采食相同日粮条件下,试验组饮用磁化水,对照组饮用普通水。在95~110(试验前期)和215~230日龄(试验后期)分别进行消化代谢试验,并在240日龄进行屠宰性能测定。结果表明,在试验前期,磁化水组羔羊的干物质自由采食量,干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、纤维素、半纤维素、钙、磷的表观消化率较对照组分别提高25.5%(P>0.05)、15.2%(P>0.05)、14.4%(P<0.05)、13.5%(P<0.05)、66.3%(P<0.05)、52.3%(P>0.05)、16.4%(P<0.05)和1.3%(P>0.05);在试验后期,分别提高15.3%(P>0.05)、9.0%(P<0.05)、8.8%(P<0.05)、7.7%(P<0.05)、20.6%(P<0.05)、33.5%(P<0.05)、9.8%(P<0.05)和14.5%(P<0.05)。在20~240日龄期间,磁化水组羔羊平均日增重较对照组提高40.8%(P<0.01)。磁化水组羔羊的屠宰活体重、胴体重、胴体净肉率、胴体瘦肉重比对照组分别提高40.8%(P<0.01)、52.3%(P<0.01)、8.8%(P<0.01)和66.2%(P<0.01)。综上所述,饮用磁化水可在一定程度上提高羔羊日粮表观消化率和日增重,改善羔羊的屠宰性能。     

Effects of Drinking Magnetized Water on the Growth Performance,Digestion Metabolism and Slaughter Performance of lamb

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of magnetized water on the growth performance, digestion metabolism and slaughter performance of lamb.12 weaned male lambs with average body weight of 5.57 kg±0.36 kg were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, 6 lambs in each group.2 groups were provided with the same basal diet while lambs in experiment group were given with magnetized water (MW), and that in control group were given with normal water.The digestion metabolism experiments were carried out at 95-110 days and 215-230 days, respectively, and the slaughter performance of lamb was determined at 240 day to study the effects of drinking MW on the growth performance, digestion metabolism and slaughter performance of lamb.The results showed that in the earlier phase, comparing with control group, dry matter voluntary intake and the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, cellulose, hemi-cellulose, calcium and phosphorous of lambs in MW group at 95-110 days were increased by 25.5% (P>0.05), 15.2% (P>0.05), 14.4% (P<0.05), 13.5% (P<0.05), 66.3% (P<0.05), 52.3% (P>0.05), 16.4% (P<0.05)and 1.3% (P>0.05), respectively.In the later phase, that of MW group were increased by 15.3% (P>0.05), 9.0% (P<0.05), 8.8% (P<0.05), 7.7% (P<0.05), 20.6% (P<0.05), 33.5% (P<0.05), 9.8% (P<0.05) and 14.5% (P<0.05), respectively.During 20-220 days, the average daily body weight gain of lambs in WM group was increased by 40.8% (P<0.01)and the live body weight, carcass weight, carcass net meat percentage, carcass lean weight were increased by 40.8% (P<0.01), 52.3% (P<0.01), 8.8% (P<0.01) and 66.2% (P<0.01), respectively.In conclusion, the digestibility of nutrient and daily body weight gain of lamb could be increased and the slaughter performance of lamb be improved to a certain degree by drinking MW.     

复合营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究不同营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响。采用单因素完全随机区组试验设计,将48只健康、体重相近(28.01±1.70)kg的7月龄放牧母羊随机分为4组,Ⅰ组不补饲;Ⅱ组补饲常规精料;Ⅲ组补饲常规精料+复合配方1 (0.30%苹果酸、0.06%半胱胺、0.08%糖萜素);Ⅳ组补饲常规精料+饲料复合配方2 (0.60%苹果酸、0.12%半胱胺、0.16%糖萜素)。其中每组3个重复,每个重复4只,进行45 d饲养试验。结果表明:①试验Ⅲ组末重最高,较Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高6.26% (P>0.05)、3.69% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组平均日增重最高,较Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高26.32% (P<0.01)、5.74% (P>0.05)。②试验Ⅲ组的屠宰率较Ⅱ组提高4.68% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组的净肉率较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高18.46% (P<0.05)、10.97% (P>0.05)和4.40% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组的胴体净肉重较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高49.74% (P<0.01)、13.22% (P>0.05)和18.27% (P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组的胴体净肉率较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高10.42% (P<0.01)、6.00% (P>0.05)和3.37% (P>0.05)。③在血清GLU、Ca、P、HDL、LDL、GPT、IgG含量中,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ和Ⅲ组依次呈上升趋势,而其A/G、TG含量依次呈下降趋势。综上,补饲复合营养调控剂可改善冷季放牧绵羊的生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标,其中补饲复合配方1组(试验Ⅲ组)作用效果最佳。     

Effects of Complex Nutritional Regulation Additives on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Grazing Sheep in Cold Season

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of complex nutritional regulation additives on growth performance, slaughter performance and serum biochemical indexes of grazing sheep in cold season.A single factor random block design was used and 48 grazing ewes with the average weight (28.01±1.70) kg and 7 months old were randomly divided into 4 groups:Group Ⅰ without supplement;Group Ⅱ with concentrate;Group Ⅲ with concentrate+complex formulation 1 (0.30% malic acid, 0.06% cysteamine, 0.08% saccharicterpenin);Group Ⅳ with concentrate+complex formulation 2 (0.60% malic acid, 0.12% cysteamine, 0.16% saccharicterpenin)with 3 replicates per group and 4 grazing ewes per replicate.The results showed that:①The final weight of group Ⅲ was the highest and higher than group Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 6.26% (P>0.05)、3.69% (P>0.05), respectively.The average daily gain of group Ⅲ was highest, and higher than group Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 26.32% (P<0.01)、5.74% (P>0.05) respectively.②Comparing with group Ⅱ, the slaughter rate of group Ⅲ was increased by 4.68% (P>0.05).Compared with groupⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ, the meat percentage of group Ⅲ was increased 18.46% (P<0.05), 10.97% (P>0.05) and 4.40% (P>0.05), while the net meat weight of carcass in group Ⅲ was increased by 49.74% (P<0.01), 13.22% (P>0.05) and 18.27% (P<0.05), respectively.Compared with groupⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ, the net meat rat of carcass in group Ⅲ was increased 10.42% (P<0.01)、6.00% (P>0.05) and 3.37% (P>0.05), respectively.③There was a rising trend as the order of groupⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ and Ⅲ in serum glucose, Ca, P, HDL, LDL, GPT and IgG, while A/G and TG showed a decreasing trend.Based on the above results, in this trial, supplementing complex nutritional regulation additives had good effects on growth performance, slaughter performance and serum biochemical indexes of grazing sheep in cold season.And supplementing complex formulation group 1 (group Ⅲ) was the best.     

Effect of Soybean Meal Replaced by Brewer's Grain or Fermented Brewer's Grain on Growth Performance,Immune Organ Index and Intestinal Flora of Meat Geese

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soybean meal replaced by brewer's grain (BSG) or fermented brewer's grain (FBSG) on growth performance,immune organ index and intestinal flora of meat geese.A total of 250 geese at 28 days of age were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 5 replicates per group and 10 geese per replicate.The geese in control group were fed a basal diet (with soybean);The geese in groups 1 and 2 were fed the basal diet with the 10% and 20% BSG replacing the soybean,respectively;The geese in groups 3 and 4 were fed the basal diet with the 10% and 20% FBSG replacing the soybean,respectively.The whole experiment period was 42 days,including three phases:15 d (early stage),14 d (middle stage) and 14 d (later stage).The results showed as follows:①From the whole experiment period,compared with control group,the ADG of geese in group 1 was significantly increased (P<0.05),the ADG and ADFI of geese in group 4 were significantly decreased (P<0.05),there were no obvious change in growth performance of geese in groups 2 and 3 (P>0.05).② Compared with control group,the thymus index and spleen index of geese in groups 1,2 and 3 were extremely significantly increased at early stage (P<0.01);At middle and later stages,the spleen index of geese in group 2 were significantly and extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01);There were no significant differences in bursa of fabricius index of geese among all groups (P>0.05).③ Compared with control group,the number of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in cecum in groups 1 and 2 were extremely significantly decreased at early and later stages (P<0.01),while the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus were increased in different degrees;the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus in cecum in groups 3 and 4 were extremely significantly increased at later stage (P<0.01).In conclusion,10% BSG replacing soybean in the basal diet could improve the growth performance and intestinal flora of meat geese;10% FBSG replacing soybean in the basal diet could promote the growth of beneficial bacteria of meat geese,but had no effect on growth performance;While 20% replacing soybean in the basal diet could decrease the feed intake and weight gain of meat geese,hinder its growth and development.     

啤酒糟、发酵啤酒糟替代豆粕对肉鹅生长性能、免疫器官指数及肠道菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究啤酒糟、发酵啤酒糟替代豆粕对肉鹅生长性能、免疫器官指数及肠道菌群的影响。选取250只28日龄健康皖西肉鹅,根据体重相近原则随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鹅,对照组饲喂不含任何杂粕类饲料的基础日粮;试验1、2组分别饲喂用10%、20%风干啤酒糟替代基础日粮中豆粕的试验日粮;试验3、4组分别饲喂用10%、20%风干发酵啤酒糟替代基础日粮中豆粕的试验日粮,添加量以基础日粮干物质为基础。试验期43 d,分为早期(28~42日龄)、中期(43~56日龄)、后期(57~70日龄)3个阶段。结果表明:①从整个试验期来看,与对照组相比,试验1组肉鹅平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),试验4组肉鹅平均日增重和平均采食量显著降低(P<0.05),试验2、3组肉鹅生长性能未发生明显改变(P>0.05)。②与对照组相比,试验1、2、3组肉鹅胸腺指数和脾脏指数在试验早期均极显著提高(P<0.01);在试验中期和后期,仅试验2组肉鹅脾脏指数显著或极显著提高(P<0.05;P<0.01);各组间肉鹅法氏囊指数差异均不显著(P>0.05)。③与对照组相比,试验1、2组肉鹅盲肠中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌数量在试验早期和后期极显著降低(P<0.01),同时双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量不同程度地增加;试验3、4组双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量在试验后期极显著升高(P<0.01)。综上所述,10%啤酒糟替代日粮中豆粕时可提高其生长性能,改善肉鹅肠道菌群;10%发酵啤酒糟替代豆粕时可促进肠道有益菌的生长,但不影响其生长性能,而20%替代豆粕时则会降低肉鹅采食量和增重,阻碍其生长发育。     

Effects of Supplemental Oil on the Sport Performance,Plasma Antioxidant Capacity and other Metabolic Index of Yanqi Horse

This test mainly studied the effects of supplemental different levels of oil on the performance, plasma antioxidant capacity and other metabolic index of Yanqi horse.9 Yanqi horses were randomly divided into three groups according to performance, body weight, body measurement, age.The control group was fed with basal diet.Horses in the groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were fed with diet supplemented with 2.5% and 5% of oil.All horses were participated in 20 km racing, on the 20th day.Temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate of all horses were measured, 30 min after the racing.Simultaneously, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein.The results showed that the heart rate value of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were highly significant lower than control group (P<0.01), 0 min after the racing.The group Ⅱ was highly significantly lower than control group (P<0.01), 5 min after the racing.The plasma GSH-Px and T-SOD activity of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ compared with the control group respectively increased by 87.60%(P<0.05), 15.87%(P>0.05) and 98.38%(P<0.05), 38.25%(P<0.05);The plasma MDA and LA concentration of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ compared with the control group respectively decreased by 53.44% (P<0.05), 24.08%(P<0.05) and 51.42% (P<0.05), 25.08%(P<0.05).In conclusion, the performance and antioxidant capacity of Yanqi horse could be improved by the basal diet added different levels of oil.The physiological function of Yanqi horse could be fast recovery after the racing.Compared, added 5% oil feed supplement was especially effective.     

添加油脂对焉耆马运动性能、血浆抗氧化能力及代谢指标的影响

试验旨在探讨日粮中添加油脂对焉耆马赛后运动性能及抗氧化能力的影响。选取运动成绩、体重、体尺、年龄相近的焉耆马9匹,随机分为3组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加不同水平的豆油。试验开始第20天对各组马匹进行20 km模拟比赛,赛后30 min内测定各组试验马匹的体温、脉搏、呼吸,同时采集各组马匹血液。结果表明,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马赛后0 min心率极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组焉耆马赛后5 min呼吸频率极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马赛后血浆中GSH-Px、T-SOD活力浓度分别比对照组高87.60%(P<0.05)、15.87%(P>0.05)和98.38%(P<0.05)、38.25%(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马血浆中MDA、LA浓度分别比对照组低53.44%(P<0.05)、24.08%(P<0.05)和51.42%(P<0.05)、25.08%(P<0.05)。饲料中添加油脂可提高焉耆马运动性能,有利于焉耆马运动后生理机能的快速恢复,提高运动后焉耆马的抗氧化能力,相比较而言,添加5%油脂组效果较佳。     

Effect of Amino Acid Balance Diet on Production Performance,Serum Biochemical Indexes and Economic Benefits in Dairy Cows

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of amino acid balance diet on production performance,serum biochemical indexes and economic benefits in dariy cows.36 healthy Holstein cows in the early lactation period were selected,the average number of lactation (DIM) was (39.69±12.48) d,the average parity was 3.02±0.64.Principle of experiments using single factor randomized experimental design accroding to age,milk yield,parity identical same or similar,the 36 Holstein cows were assigned by random block design to 3 groups,and each group were 12 cows.The control group cows were fed with TMR diets only adding rumen-protected methionine (HMBi);Diets of group 1 and 2 were on the basis of control group,respectively adding two kinds of rumen-protected lysine levels in order to balance the amino acid in diet.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group,the feeding conversion ratio in groups 1 and 2 were increased by 10.60% and 11.26% (P>0.05),respectively,while the dry matter intake had no significantly changed (P>0.05),the 4% average daily milk yield in groups 1 and 2 were significantly increased by 8.65% and 10.58% (P<0.05),respectively,and the milk fat and milk protein yield in groups 1 and 2 were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01),respectively.Adding amino acid balance diet had no significantly effects on reproductive performance and health conditions in dariy cows (P>0.05).② When feeding the amino acid balance diets for 60 days,the contents of GLU and TAA in serum of dairy cows were significantly increased (P<0.05),while the BUN content was significantly decreased (P<0.05).③ Compared with control group,the economic benefits of groups 1 and 2 were increased by 15.09 and 16.36 yuan/(head·d).The results indicated that feeding the amino acid balance diets could significantly improve production performance of dairy cows,and there was a tendency to improve metabolic conditions.     

氨基酸平衡日粮对奶牛生产性能、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响

试验旨在研究氨基酸平衡日粮对奶牛生产性能、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响。选择36头体况良好的泌乳初期的健康荷斯坦奶牛,平均泌乳天数(DIM)为(39.69±12.48) d、平均胎次为(3.02±0.64)胎。采用单因素随机试验设计,按年龄、产奶量、胎次相同或相近的原则,将36头荷斯坦奶牛区组配对后随机分为3组,每组12头奶牛,其中对照组奶牛饲喂仅添加有瘤胃保护性蛋氨酸(HMBi)的TMR日粮;试验1、2组日粮在对照组的基础上分别添加2种水平的瘤胃保护性赖氨酸,以平衡日粮中的氨基酸。结果表明,①与对照组相比,试验1、2组奶牛饲料转化率分别提高10.60%和11.26%(P>0.05),而干物质采食量没有显著变化(P>0.05),平均每日4%校正乳产量分别显著提高了8.65%和10.58%(P<0.05),并可显著或极显著增加乳脂和乳蛋白产量(P<0.05;P<0.01);饲喂氨基酸平衡日粮对奶牛繁殖性能、健康状况无显著影响(P>0.05)。②饲喂氨基酸平衡日粮60 d时,奶牛血清中葡萄糖、总氨基酸含量显著升高(P<0.05),尿素氮含量显著降低(P<0.05)。③与对照组相比,试验1、2组奶牛经济效益分别增加了15.09和16.36元/(头·d)。综上所述,饲喂氨基酸平衡日粮能显著提高奶牛的生产性能,具有改善奶牛代谢状况的趋势。     

发酵脐橙粕对番鸭肠道形态结构、肠黏膜免疫功能和微生物多样性的影响

【目的】通过研究发酵脐橙粕对番鸭肠道形态结构、肠黏膜免疫功能和微生物多样性的影响,探究发酵脐橙粕用于番鸭节粮养殖的可行性。【方法】选取健康、体重为(267.33±9.50)g的180只16日龄番鸭,随机分成2组(每组公母各半),每组6个重复,每个重复15只,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂含有100 g/kg发酵脐橙粕的基础饲粮,预饲期7 d,正式试验期48 d。试验结束后,采集番鸭十二指肠组织样品和盲肠内容物。通过HE染色法和免疫组化法检测十二指肠肠道形态学指标和肠黏膜免疫功能指标;采用高通量测序技术对盲肠内容物的微生物16S rDNA进行测序,分析盲肠微生物多样性变化情况。【结果】(1)与对照组相比,100 g/kg发酵脐橙粕可极显著提高番鸭十二指肠的绒毛高度(P<0.01),显著提高绒毛表面积和上皮内淋巴细胞阳性率(P<0.05)。(2)显著物种差异分析结果显示,与对照组相比,饲喂100 g/kg发酵脐橙粕饲粮极显著抑制了番鸭盲肠脱铁杆菌门、厌氧菌科和无胆甾原体等有害菌丰度(P<0.01),极显著提高了黄杆菌属、螺杆菌属和巨单胞菌属等有益菌的丰度(P<0.0...     

低聚壳聚糖替代抗生素对樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、肠道屏障功能和肌肉品质的影响

本试验旨在探究日粮中添加50 mg·kg^-1的低聚壳聚糖（chitosan oligosaccharide,COS）替代抗生素对樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标、肠道屏障功能和肌肉品质的影响。选取540只1日龄的樱桃谷肉鸭,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只鸭,分别饲喂基础日粮（对照组,control group）、基础日粮+40 mg·kg^-1杆菌肽锌（抗生素组,antibiotic group）以及基础日粮+50 mg·kg^-1 COS （COS组,COS group）,试验期42 d。试验结束时,从每个重复中随机选取1只公鸭（接近平均体重）称重,采集血样、肠道与肌肉样品用于血清生化、肠道屏障功能和肌肉品质等指标的测定。试验结果表明：1）与对照组和抗生素组相比,日粮中添加COS显著提高了樱桃谷肉鸭的平均日采食量（ADFI）、平均日增重（ADG）、脾脏指数和胸腺指数（P<0.05）,但对肉鸭屠宰性能影响不显著（P>0.05）。2）与对照组相比,日粮中添加COS或抗生素显著提高了血清球蛋白（GLB）含量、腿肌超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）（P<0.05）以及十二指肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A （sIgA）和免疫球蛋白G （IgG）含量（P<0.05）,降低了血清尿素氮（BUN）含量和A/G值、腿肌丙二醛（MDA）含量和滴水损失（P<0.05）。3）与对照组和抗生素组相比,日粮中添加COS显著提高了空肠和回肠黏膜的免疫球蛋白M （IgM）含量（P<0.05）,显著降低了血清二胺氧化酶（DAO）和脂多糖（LPS）含量（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,日粮中添加COS显著提高了十二指肠黏膜咬合蛋白（OCLN）基因mRNA表达水平和腿肌a^*值（P<0.05）,显著降低了血清D-乳酸含量（P<0.05）。此外,抗生素组的空肠黏膜OCLN基因表达水平显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。结果指出：日粮中添加COS提高了樱桃谷肉鸭的生长性能,增强了免疫力,改善了肠道屏障功能和肉品质。COS可以替代抗生素用于樱桃谷肉鸭生产。     

Effects of Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis Mixed Fermentation Feed on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Intestinal Morphology of Broilers

The purpose of this experiment was to study the usage and proportion of fermented feed in broiler feed.By adding 0,10% and 20% fermented complete formula feed to the broiler feed,and granulating normally,the influence of the usage mode of the fermented feed on the production performance,slaughter performance,intestinal tract and other related indexes of the broiler feed were studied,so as to provide reference for the application of the fermented feed in the broiler feed.180 1-day-old healthy AA male broilers were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 10 chickens in each replicate.The three treatment groups were fed with 0,10% and 20% of the total fermented feed for 42 days.The results showed that:From the whole period (1-42 days old),the 10% fermentation feed substitution group significantly reduced the feed consumption and weight gain ratio (P<0.05),and the average daily weight gain increased (P=0.05).At 42 days old,there was no significant effect of fermented feed on slaughter performance (P>0.05).The ileal crypt depth of broilers in the 20% fermentation feed replacement group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the 10% replacement group (P<0.05).The length of duodenal villi and V/C in 20% and 10% fermentative feed substitution group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05).The results showed that the replacement of 10% fermented feed in broiler feed could reduce the ratio of feed to weight gain,increase the average daily gain,and have a certain impact on intestinal development.     

Effects of Compound Chinese Medicine Ultra-fine Powder on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality in Hetian Fowl

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of compound Chinese medicine ultra-fine powder(CCMUP) on Hetian fowl growth performance, slaughter performance and meat quality.630 one-day-old male Hetian fowls were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups with 6 replicates per group and 35 animals per replication.The control group(CG) was fed with basal diet, the compound Chinese medicine ultra-fine powder groups(CCMUPG) and the antibiotic groups(AG) received the same diet supplemented with 1% CCMUP or antibiotic of livestock, respectively.The 130 d experiment was divided into 4 periods.The results showed as follow:①The weight in CCMUPG were all significantly higher than those of CG during the 4 periods of trial(P<0.05).The weight in CCMUPG and AG had no significant difference in other 3 periods of trial except the 28 d(P<0.05), ADFI, ADG and F/G in CCMUPG were better than that of CG in different degree.②Both the dressing percentage and the leg muscle percentage in CCMUPG were higher than those of CG(P<0.05; P<0.01), and the slaughter performance in CCMUPG was not significant different from AG(P>0.05).③Between CCMUPG and CG in the lightness of meat, pH, the shearing force and the drip loss rate had no difference(P>0.05), pH, lightness of meat and the shearing force at 24 h in CCMUPG were significant different from AG(P<0.05).It was concluded that dietary addition of CCMUP could increase the growth performance of Hetian fowl, which was equal to the antibiotic of livestock, and improve the slaughter performance and the meat quality.