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《西部林业科学》2015,(3)
在正常供水CK(土壤水分含量为最大田间持水量的80%,下同),轻度干旱胁迫P1(65%)、中度干旱胁迫P2(35%)、重度干旱胁迫P3(15%)4种处理方式下研究了合果木抗旱能力,对其叶片光合指标和叶绿素荧光值进行分析。结果表明,随着干旱强度的增强,合果木的光合作用能力不断降低,Pmax、Tr、Gs等光合指标不断下降。但Ci值在P2处理条件下达到最低,植物细胞获取CO2能力逐渐稳定,说明合果木的抗旱能力较弱;在对叶绿素荧光日变化值研究后发现,Fv/Fm、ΦPSII值会随着光照日变化自我恢复到一个稳定值,表明合果木在逆境条件下能够维持植物体内一定的光合作用,保证植物体自身的能量获取。 相似文献
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以辽宁阜新种植的不同种源文冠果为研究对象,采用水分胁迫的方法探讨不同种源文冠果植物体内脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质对干旱环境的响应。研究结果表明:脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量随着水分胁迫的增加而增加,以延安和沈阳的2个种源的耐旱性较好。可溶性蛋白质变化幅度不大,不适宜作为反映文冠果的耐旱能力重要指标。 相似文献
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以豆梨1(2)-0嫁接品种苗木为实验材料,进行盆栽水分递减模拟干旱胁迫处理,对处于不同干旱状态下的苗木叶片生理指标进行测定,探究豆梨叶片应对干旱胁迫生理响应机制。结果表明:干旱胁迫导致豆梨叶片细胞膜系统受损伤,使得膜脂过氧化,叶片细胞将启动渗透调节系统和氧自由基清除酶促系统。随着干旱胁迫的加剧,各品种叶片质膜透性逐渐增大;脯氨酸含量持续升高,升高值可达十几倍;膜脂过氧化程度逐渐增强,丙二醛大量累积;氧自由基清除系统SOD和POD活性变化呈先升高后降低的趋势,前期活性升高由于植物细胞自身保护应激机制,后期的活性降低则源于干旱胁迫已伤及酶供体,导致酶活性下降。 相似文献
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Drought stress is one of the most important environmental factors affecting plant growth and survival. To date, most studies aim at understanding of post-stress physiological and anatomical adaptation to drought stress; however only few studies focus on plant recovery. In the present study, transpiration, shoot water potential, and anatomical and morphological measurements were performed on 4-year-old European beech seedlings with fully developed leaves. The seedlings were exposed to three levels of soil water potential (well-watered, moderate drought stress and severe drought stress) and followed by rewatering under greenhouse conditions. Reduced transpiration rates were observed in the stressed seedlings as a response to drought stress, whereas anatomical and morphological variables remained unchanged. Three days after rewatering, transpiration rates in both moderately and severely stressed seedlings recovered to the levels of those of well-watered seedlings. Drought stress promoted leaf budding, resulting in higher shoot dry mass of stressed seedlings. Our findings indicate that anatomical and morphological adaptations of European beech seedlings to drought stress are visibly limited during late-season growth stages. These results will help us to further understand factors involved in drought adaptation potential of European beech seedlings faced with expected climate-related environmental changes. To complete our findings, further experiments on plant recovery from drought stress should be focused on different periods of growing season. 相似文献
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DuJinyou ChenXiaoyang LiWei GaoQiong 《中国林学(英文版)》2004,6(2):56-62
Drought, one of the main adverse environmental factors, obviously affected plant growth and development. Many adaptive strategies have been developed in plants for coping with drought or water stress, among which osmoregulation is one of the important factors of plant drought tolerance. Many substances play important roles in plant osmoregulation for drought resistance, including proline, glycine betaine, Lea proteins and soluble sugars such as levan, trehalose, sucrose, etc. The osmoregulation mechanism and the genetic engineering of plant drought-tolerance are reviewed in this paper. 相似文献
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【目的】以群众杨为对照,探讨干旱胁迫下碧玉杨的叶形态、结构和光合、水分生理特性的关系及其影响植株生物量积累的内在成因,进一步揭示碧玉杨和群众杨的抗旱机制,为区域造林绿化杨树的抗旱生理研究和品种推广提供参考。【方法】以碧玉杨与和群众杨1年生扦插苗为研究对象,应用盆栽控水法模拟干旱条件,对比分析不同干旱胁迫程度下2个品种的叶面积、叶脉密度、叶氮素利用效率、光合特性及叶水分输导能力的响应,及其对植株生物量和抗旱能力的影响。【结果】干旱胁迫程度加剧,2个杨树品种的叶脉密度(LVD)和单位干质量叶氮含量(Nmass)上升,碧玉杨的LVD增幅大、Nmass增幅小;净光合速率(P_n)、植株总光合速率(PTL)、最大净光合速率(Pnmax)、光合日累积量、蒸腾日累积量、叶导水率(Kleaf)、水分利用效率(WUE)、光合氮利用效率(PNUE)、叶面积(LA)以及植株生物量(TB)均下降,碧玉杨的降幅均小。相较群众杨而言,碧玉杨的LA、LVD、PNUE、TB和日均耗水量在干旱胁迫前后均高,P_n、Kleaf、WUE和Nmass在干旱胁迫前后均低,PTL和Tr日累积在中度和重度干旱胁迫下高,Pnmax、P_n日累积和Tr在重度干旱胁迫下高。PTL较Pn与TB相关关系更紧密,PNUE较Nmass与TB相关关系更紧密。【结论】干旱胁迫下碧玉杨的叶形态结构与生理特性呈现出低效水分利用、高效叶形态结构调整、高效氮素利用和高效光合固碳的平衡制约关系。2个品种的抗旱机制不同,抗旱能力强的碧玉杨其叶结构调整更高效,抗旱能力弱的群众杨其光合特性对干旱更敏感,叶结构与抗旱性关联最大,其次是光合特性。 相似文献
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喀斯特石漠化地区复杂的人类活动和特殊的地上与地下二元结构水文系统以及碳酸岩丰富的节理裂隙导致了土壤水分渗漏强烈,地表干旱缺水,临时性干旱严重,使该区植物普遍遭受干旱胁迫,影响植物的生长与发育。文中通过综述干旱胁迫对喀斯特地区植物的影响,从植物形态特征、光合作用、渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶系统等方面分析植物应对干旱胁迫的机理机制,得出喀斯特地区植物一般具有发达的叶片表皮毛、较厚的角质层、强壮发达的根系特征并通过叶片的气孔调节应对干旱。此外,植物体通过积累脯氨酸、可溶性糖等渗透调节物质,增强抗氧化酶系统的活性来抗旱。提出通过抗旱锻炼、矿质肥料、化学和微生物调控以及抗旱品种的选育等途径来提高植物的抗旱性。建议今后的研究应加强模拟实验与野外验证实验相结合、分析植物对多种逆境的交叉响应,综合分析生长生理生态基因等特征,建立符合当地植物的抗旱评价体系,以及研究喀斯特和非喀斯特环境中植物对干旱胁迫适应的差异性来分析植物对干旱胁迫适应的机理机制,以期为深入研究喀斯特石漠化地区植物的抗旱性能提供参考,并为植被恢复及物种选择提供支持。 相似文献
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为了提高大叶相思幼苗在干热河谷地区造林的成活率,2008年在元江通过对其幼苗分别进行不同剂量的Pt菌剂、干旱胁迫和Pt菌剂+干旱胁迫处理,测定出圃幼苗的苗高、地径、高径比、生物量等形态指标和叶绿素、可溶性糖含量及SOD酶活性等生理指标,并比较其抗逆性,同时对不同培育措施出圃幼苗造林6个月时的成活率和生长状况进行测定与比较。结果表明:随着Pt菌剂的使用量增加,大叶相思出圃苗木的高径比和地上部分和地下部分生物量的比值逐渐降低,SOD酶活性和可溶性糖含量逐渐增加,因而出圃幼苗的抗逆性增强;干旱胁迫和Pt菌剂的作用效果可以叠加。Pt菌剂10 g+干旱胁迫大叶相思的处理效果最佳,成活率最高。 相似文献
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桉树的抗旱性研究进展 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
在干旱和半干旱地区,为了成功地栽培桉树,许多学者从不同角度对桉树种群的抗旱性机理和它们对不同干旱环境的反应进行了研究和探讨。结果认为,桉树种群的遗传基因能适应于干旱的环境。生长在水分短缺条件下的植株,是通过各种途径保持组织水含量在细胞免受伤害的临界值以上而达到其适应。一般来说,具有旱生植物特征的桉树种群对干旱的适应能力较强,它们能够生存在较干旱的环境条件下,但不可能从湿润的气候环境中取得生长优势。 相似文献
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The selection of drought-tolerant plants is an important aspect of plant breeding.We studied physiological and biochemical mechanisms of different ploidies of Populus ussuriensis Kom.that relate to drought stress tolerance.We used a 5%(v/v)polyethylene glycol(PEG-6000)solution to simulate drought stress.We recorded leaf phenotypes including color,dry area and curl degree.We evaluated sequential variations in some drought stress tolerance-related physiological and biochemical indices and compared these among diploid clones(CK),triploid clones(T12)and tetraploid clones(F20).T12 leaves exhibited slightly more drought stress damage than CK and F20 leaves.CK leaves suffered the most severe drought stress damage.The physiological and biochemical indices of the different ploidies differed significantly 12 days after drought stress treatment.The activities of superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,catalase and proline in the triploid(T12)leaves were the highest.The relative electric conductivity and malondialdehyde content of T12 leaves were the lowest.The index values of F20 were between those ofthe diploid and triploid.In consideration of these results,the drought resistance of the three different ploidies of P.ussuriensis can be ranked as T12>F20>CK.We speculate that the gene expression patterns of polyploid clones of poplar will change after genome doubling and that some of the drought stress tolerance-related physiological and biochemical indices will be improved,resulting in greater drought tolerance of polyploid clones. 相似文献
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干旱是主要的环境胁迫因子之一,严重影响植物的分布与生长发育。通过选取辽宁阜新章古台沙地1年生榆树幼苗为材料,采用盆栽控水方法,设置田间持水量80%、60%、40%和20%等4个水分处理梯度,研究干旱胁迫对榆树幼苗株高、基径及叶片、茎和根系生物量分配的影响。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫程度增加,幼苗茎和根系的生物量逐渐降低;但轻度干旱胁迫增加了株高和基径的生长,提高了叶片生物量,以抵御干旱胁迫的影响。中度干旱胁迫下,增加了根系生物量分配的比例,从而更利于获取水分资源适应干旱环境;重度干旱胁迫下幼苗无法存活。在科尔沁沙地,栽植榆树幼苗保证存活生长的最低田间持水量为40%。 相似文献