低产密植板栗园增产技术研究

通过对低产密植板栗园采取重截主枝、土肥管理、病虫防治等措施,可降低板栗树冠,改善通风透光条件,增强树势,尽快提高低产密植板栗园产量,增加经济效益。实施增产措施后第2a每公顷产量210kg;第3a产量达925kg;第4a产量达2450kg,比对照增收4 98倍,每公顷收益达22050元。如配合叶面喷施板栗增产剂,实苞率达92%,产量比对照增加17%,空苞率减少9%,且粒果饱满,大小均匀,光泽好,可提高板栗的商品性。     

采脂湿地松林分保留密度与产脂量关系探索

湿地松是当前营造松脂工业原料林的主推树种,由于保留密度不同而直接影响松脂产量。经过连续7a的试验和探索,最后得出保留60株/667m2和65株/667m2的标准地产脂量较为理想,2007年产脂量分别达到202.35kg/667m2、153.4kg/667m2,比对照类型标准地单产增加156.85kg和107.9kg,产脂分别是对照标准地14.5kg的4.4倍和3.4倍。     

民勤盆地优无核葡萄膜下滴灌节水效益试验报告

通过在民勤盆地进行优无核葡萄膜下滴灌节水试验,结果表明:膜下滴灌的灌水定额需水量360 m~3/667 m~2,比沟灌节水160 m~3/667 m~2;膜下滴灌模式下优无核葡萄产量最高,每667 m~2产量达1 260 kg,节水综合经济效益在250元/667 m~2以上。总而言之,膜下滴灌是一项节水、节肥、增产、增收的新的节水技术,在优无核葡萄种植上的生态、经济、社会效益十分显著。     

梨树高接换头技术

<正>为了调整农业结构,增加农民收入,河北省从90年代后期进行梨树结构调整。对新引进的以黄金梨、绿宝石、黄冠、园黄和大果水晶为主的30多个新品种,均采用高接换头技术,嫁接成活率平均在90%以上。采用高接换头技术更换新品种,当年成花,2a每667m2产量1500kg,667m2效益3000元以上;3a恢复原来枝量和产量,每667m2产量达到2500kg,667m2效益6000元以上,是原品种效益的3倍。     

葡萄大行距间套西瓜、熊猫豆高效栽培技术

葡萄间套西瓜与豆角栽培模式充分利用了葡萄占地时间长,与西瓜、豆角的共生期短的特点,确保在西瓜与豆角采收后,葡萄果实膨大与成熟阶段有充分的单独生长时间而不影响葡萄的产量,从而提高单位面积年产值。该模式每667m2栽植葡萄220株左右,盛果期产量基本控制在1 200~1 500kg;每667m2种植西瓜600~700株,可产西瓜1 300~1 600kg;每667m2种植熊猫豆300株左右,单株可结荚40~50个,鲜嫩豆荚可鲜炒食,成熟后亦可收获豆粒。     

森林食品凯特杏的大棚栽培与经营

项目组于2001年从山东引入优良杏品种凯特杏,第3年始果,第4年始行大棚设施栽培管理,避免花期冷空气的侵袭和大风、阴雨等不良气候的影响,显著提高产品的质量和产量,每667m2产量达2000kg以上,比露地栽培提前30天成熟,增值3倍。     

皮胎果春季冻害药剂防治效果研究

在甘肃省临夏高寒阴湿区,以14~16年树龄皮胎果(Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.)梨树为试验材料,以不喷施防冻剂为对照,开展5种不同的植物防冻剂对春季冻害防控效果比较试验,通过冻害症状、花后自然座果率、果实膨大期标准枝果实数、单株产量等综合分析,结果表明:喷施植物防冻剂的各处理平均自然座果率、单株产量均比对照高,增产效果明显,处理间产量差异达极显著水平,说明喷施植物防冻剂对皮胎果春季冻害有明显的防控作用,其中喷施处理A"抗秀"、处理C(配方1)能有效的提高皮胎果自然座果率和单株产量。从花后自然座果率分析,以处理A平均自然座果率4.6%,较对照平均自然座果率1.57%高3.03个百分点,居第1位;处理C平均自然座果率4.16%,较对照平均自然座果率提高2.59个百分点,居第2位;从皮胎果单株的平均产量结果分析,试验各处理产量差异达极显著水平,其中以处理A平均单株产量52.1kg为最高,较对照平均单株产量34.9kg增产17.2kg,增产率49.4%,产量差异达极显著水平,居第1位;处理C平均单株产量51.3kg,较对照增产16.4kg,增产率46.9%,产量差异达极显著水平,居第2位。     

桉树近熟林追肥效果初探

传统的桉树经营措施一般只追肥到2-3a,本文对桉树4年生左右的近熟林追肥的效果进行了研究,追肥8个月后的结果表明追肥林比对照平均提高产量1.42m3/667m2,可实现纯利润278.02元/667m2;近熟期的追肥对不同的品种的增产效果不同,其中LH1增产1.78m3/667m2,U6增产1.50m3/667m2,W5增产0.96m3/667m2。追肥的增产效果说明,对近熟林追施肥是挖掘桉树速生潜力的有效技术措施。     

天麻一代和多代栽培对比及添加配料试验

天麻无性1代和多代种应用5种栽培方法进行产量比较,天麻无性1代种根据不同栽培方法其产量为3.90～10.35kg/m2,比无性多代分别提高15.77%～51.16%,平均提高27.66%;5种栽培方法以茵材伴栽与培育栽培法最优,平均天麻栽培产量达9.65 ks/m2;3种添加配料以H淀粉增产效果最好,比对照分别增产8.66～16.52%,平均增产12.34%.上述项目内容对比试验,效果显著,对天麻生产具有指导意义和应用推广价值.     

青石山区堰边核桃良种丰产栽培技术研究

利用青石山区梯田堰边栽植1～2a生核桃实生苗，株距4～5m，行距不等，每公顷平均375株。缓苗后进行良种嫁接。主要品种有元丰、香铃、鲁光、阿九等嫁接第2年结果，第3年有一定产量。每666．7m^2核桃产量3a生为33．5k，5a生为915kg，9a生为218．25kg，12a生为273．25kg。堰边良种核桃的综合经济效益分别为对照的1．5～4．9倍阐述了主要优质丰产栽培技术，包括实生苗建园与幼树嫁接良种、合理整形修剪、肥水管理与合理间作、适期采收、坚果处理及病虫害防治等。     

柚木种源/施肥试验初报

对建立在广东省雷州林业局的柚木种源／施肥试验2．5年生林木进行生长量和叶片养分含量分析。结果表明：3个柚木种源对施肥处理的反应基本一致，种源间生长差异不显著。但施肥处理间的差异极显著，生长最好的处理为N2P6K1，即每公顷施N133．3kg、P333．3kg和K66＝．7kg，其树高生长是最差施肥处理的3．33倍。施肥处理间的树高生长以P、N、P和K的养分含量随柚木的年生长量变化而变化，在年生长量最大的年份，叶片养分含量较低，反之，则叶片养分含量较高。     

麻栎幼林施肥试验

对麻栎幼林开展施肥试验。结果表明:施用微生物有机菌肥与化肥对麻栎树高生长有显著影响,其中施用微生物有机菌肥2kg·株^-1+尿素2kg·株^-1对麻栎树高增长效果最好,施肥1年3个月后树高增长量为2.31m;微生物有机菌肥与化肥施肥量配比对麻栎胸径生长有显著影响,施用微生物有机菌肥1kg·株^-1+复合肥2kg·株^-1和微生物有机菌肥2kg·株^-1+复合肥2kg·株^-11年3个月后,胸径增长量分别为0.99cm和0.89cm,均显著高于施用其它配比肥的。增施复合肥更有利于麻栎的均衡生长,而微生物有机菌肥是缓效性肥料,对改善土壤理化性质和增加土壤活性有益。     

马尾松一代无性系种子园营建与丰产技术研究

本研究历经“六五”选优,“七五”建园与“八五”投产,长达工5年之久的科学研究与生产实践,比较系统地阐述了马尾松一代无性系种子园的营建、管理与种子丰产技术。“八五”期间种子园开始生产种子,产量逐年上升,1995年大面积平均每公顷产量为9.375kg,最高小区平均每公顷产量达27.825kg,属于马尾松投产初期高产种子园之列。种子园混系种子质量优异,5年生子代林材积增益比对照大41.4％。种子园的建成与投产,可为速丰林建设提供优质良种。     

靖远松叶蜂的生物学特性及飞防效果

１９９４年以来，靖远松叶蜂在关帝山林局的油松林内猖獗为害，以幼虫取食油松２年生以上针叶，该虫一年１代，以茧内预蛹越冬。７月上中旬为孵孵化盛期，幼虫蜕 皮４次－５次。１０月下旬老熟幼虫下树，在树冠投影范围内的地被物下结茧越冬。该虫的发生及危害，阴坡大于阳坡，纯林大于混交林。在山高林密、交通不便、害虫发生面积大而集中连片，且蔓延速度快的情况下，宜采用飞机喷药防治法。飞防时间在关帝山为８月中旬。每一架次     

高节竹夏笋冬出经营技术的研究

对夏季出笋的高节竹进行夏笋冬出栽培试验,结果看出,试验地平均产量比对照地提高75.72％,产值提高1106.88％;试验地出笋期比对照地提早86.5d。高节竹夏笋冬出栽培试验基本成功,其主要经营技术是采用2次覆盖法,4次施肥法。     

洞庭湖滩地开沟抬垄造杨树林效益分析

对季节性淹水的洞庭湖滩地进行开沟抬垄造杨树林试验。结果表明：滩地开沟抬垄造林降低了杨树林地的相对淹水时间和高度,提高了杨树造林保存率,促进树高和单株材积的生长,提高单位面积蓄积,提高径阶≥12cm的林木的比例和林分木材的价值;开沟抬垄造林能显著提高杨树林分生物量和生产力,开沟抬垄营造的7年生杨树单株生物量、保存林分生物量、林分平均净生产量分别为32.32kg／hm^2、32.34t／hm^和4.62t／（hm^2·年）,分别是未开沟抬垄的1.43、3.16和3.2倍;滩地开沟抬垄与未开沟抬垄营造的杨树林各器官生物量大小均遵循干〉根〉皮〉枝〉叶的规律;开沟抬垄造杨树林增加的木材效益比开沟抬垄工程总投入多,经济效益较好,第1个轮伐期年均利润为166.3元／（hm^2·年）,投入产出比是0.95。     

紫科1号红豆杉栽培技术研究

以中科院选育的优良无性系紫科1号红豆杉为试材,设置密度、底肥各3个水平共9个交叉组合,3次重复,在4种海拔进行栽培试验。结果表明:紫科1号红豆杉最适宜的栽培条件为海拔784 m左右、底肥0.5 kg/株左右(复合肥)。该条件下紫科1号红豆杉第1年高生长量可达40 cm以上,分枝达8个以上,冠幅可达14 cm。因此,推荐种植密度为25 000株/hm2(50 cm×80 cm)。     

Carbon and nitrogen storage in agroforests, tree plantations, and pastures in western Oregon, USA

Pastures store over 90% of their carbon and nitrogen below-ground as soil organic matter. In contrast, temperate conifer forests often store large amounts of organic matter above-ground in woody plant tissue and fibrous litter. Silvopastures, which combine managed pastures with forest trees, should accrete more carbon and nitrogen than pastures or timber plantations because they may produce more total annual biomass and have both forest and grassland nutrient cycling patterns active. This hypothesis was investigated by conducting carbon and nitrogen inventories on three replications of 11 year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)/perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/subclover (Trifolium subterraneum) agroforests, ryegrasss/subclover pastures, and Douglas-fir timber plantations near Corvallis, Oregon in August 2000. Over the 11 years since planting, agroforests accumulated approximately 740 kg ha^–1 year ^–1 more C than forests and 520 kg ha^–1 year^–1 more C than pastures. Agroforests stored approximately 12% of C and 2% of N aboveground compared to 9% of C and 1% of N above ground in plantations and less than 1% of N and C aboveground in pastures. Total N content of agroforests and pastures, both of which included a nitrogen-fixing legume, were approximately 530 and 1200 kg ha^–1 greater than plantations, respectively. These results support the proposition that agroforests, such as silvopastures, may be more efficient at accreting C than plantations or pasture monocultures. However, pastures may accrete more N than agroforests or plantations. This apparent separation of response in obviously interrelated agroecosystem processes, points out the difficulty in using forest plantation or pasture research results to predict outcomes for mixed systems such as agroforests. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effect of nitrogen fertilization on growth in a Salix viminalis stand using a response surface experimental design

In order to find a nitrogen fertilization regime that is economically feasible in commercial short‐rotation forest stands of basket willow (Salix viminalis L.), a field trial was established on a clay soil near Västerås, central Sweden, in early 1990. A response surface design was used in which three levels of treatment were chosen for each single year: year 1—0, 30, 60, kg N ha^?1; year 2—0, 60, 120, kg N ha^?1; year 3—0, 90, 180, kg N ha^?1; year 4—0, 60, 120, kg N ha^?1. Thirty‐two combinations of these levels, out of 81 possible, were chosen and divided into four blocks. Thus, eight unique treatments were randomized to the plots within each block, providing no replicates at the end of the experimental period. This gave us a more flexible and informative experiment than many of those used earlier with rather few treatments, although they were replicated. After 4 years the willow stand was harvested and the accumulated stem production of each treatment was assessed. The effect of nitrogen fertilization on accumulated stem growth over the experimental period was found to be significant only for nitrogen applied in years 2 and 3, with a somewhat (statistically significant) larger effect in year 2. Growth response to nitrogen fertilization was best approximated with a function including terms with applied amount of nitrogen in years 2 and 3 and, furthermore, a term of interaction with negative coefficient between these years. The interaction between these years was interpreted as the system's ability to recycle nitrogen from one year to another.