妊娠母猪日粮中添加精氨酸对初生仔猪肠道发育的影响

本研究旨在评估妊娠母猪日粮中添加精氨酸对初生仔猪肠道发育的影响。试验将12头第3～4胎次、体重接近、膘情和健康状况一致、妊娠第60天的长大（长白×大白）二元母猪随机分为2组,每组6头。对照组饲喂常规日粮,试验组饲喂试验日粮（常规日粮添加1%精氨酸,同时减少1%豆粕）,试验从母猪妊娠60 d开始至分娩结束。结果：妊娠母猪日粮中添加1%精氨酸能显著提高窝产活健仔数、活健仔率、平均初生个体重和初生窝重（P＜0.05）,极显著提高初生仔猪小肠重量和长度（P＜0.01）,显著提高十二指肠绒毛高度和绒毛宽度、空肠绒毛宽度（P＜0.05）,显著降低小肠各段隐窝深度（P＜0.05）,显著提高小肠各段绒隐比（P＜0.05）。结论：妊娠母猪日粮中添加精氨酸能显著提高初生仔猪肠道发育水平。 [关键词]肠道发育|精氨酸|初生仔猪|妊娠母猪     

八眉母猪日粮蛋白水平对哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响

目的：探讨哺乳期八眉母猪饲喂不同蛋白日粮对其仔猪生长性能的影响。方法：试验选用9头体重相近、健康、产仔数相同和经产(4～5胎)的纯种八眉母猪,随机分为3组,分别饲喂正常粗蛋白水平14%(NP)、低蛋白水平12%(LP)和极低蛋白水平10%(VLP)日粮,测定仔猪出生后1日龄、7日龄、14日龄和21日龄体重。结果：哺乳期八眉母猪饲喂不同蛋白水平日粮,仔猪出生后1～21 d体重,NP组、LP组和VLP组差异不显著(P>0.05);仔猪平均日增重和增重率NP组和LP组都与VLP组存在显著差异(P<0.05)。结论：哺乳期八眉母猪日粮蛋白水平适当降低2个百分点,对仔猪体重影响不显著;但当日粮蛋白水平降低4个百分点时,随着饲养天数的增加,仔猪平均日增重和增重率会显著降低。     

青海互助八眉猪不同杂交组合对二元及三元初生仔猪肌纤维的影响

为了筛选出最佳青海互助八眉二元母猪及三元商品猪生产方式,试验以长白猪、大约克和白色杜洛克为起端或终端父本与青海互助八眉猪杂交,研究不同杂交组合方式对二元及三元杂交的初生仔猪臂三头肌、背最长肌、股二头肌和半腱肌肌纤维直径、面积和密度的影响.结果表明:二元杂交中,白杜八和长八二元初生仔猪肌纤维直径和面积较大(P＜0.05),改善效果较好;三元杂交中,以白杜长八初生仔猪的臂三头肌、背最长肌、股二头肌和半腱肌肌纤维直径和面积均较大(P＜0.05),杂交改善效果最好.建议在生产中大力推广长八二元母猪及白杜长八三元杂交模式生产商品猪.     

给繁殖母猪添加动物性油脂对仔猪初生重及发育的影响

为防止夏季暑热期间仔猪初生重及哺育率的下降 ,采用 2 2头日本Hypor系统妊娠后期母猪进行饲料中动物性油脂添加试验 ,其中C对照组 13头 ,F试验组 9头。对F试验组母猪从分娩前 2 0日至泌乳期 14日在种猪用配合饲料中添加粉末动物性油脂 10 0g d·头。结果表明 :1.仔猪初生重F试验组比C对照组重 0 .14kg 头。 2 1日龄断奶是时仔猪窝重F组比C组多 6 .48kg 窝 ,其差异均显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。 2 .平均总产仔猪数两组间无差异 ,但平均成活产仔数、断奶头数F组比C组分别多 0 .5 6头 窝 ,0 .95头 窝 ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 5及P <0 .0 1)。     

益生菌对八眉二元断奶仔猪抗腹泻情况的影响

为了研究复合益生菌制剂对八眉二元断奶仔猪生长性能及腹泻率的影响,选取同期断奶、体重相近的八眉二元断奶仔猪45头,随机分为对照组(饲喂基础日粮)、试验Ⅰ组(饲喂基础日粮+0.05%益生菌制剂)和试验Ⅱ组(饲喂基础日粮+0.1%益生菌制剂)三个组。结果表明:与对照组相比,Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组日增重分别提高了7.10%、7.71%(P>0.05),料重比下降10.24%、13.25%(P>0.05);腹泻率分别降低19.81%、39.64%(P<0.05),腹泻指数分别下降17.05%和31.82%(P<0.05),Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组与对照相比盈利分别增加6.55和6.62元/头(P<0.05)。结果说明复合益生菌的添加能提高断奶仔猪生长性能,同时有抗腹泻的效果,本研究推荐的益生菌最适添加量为0.1%。     

互助八眉母猪乳房炎的病因分析与治疗

母猪乳房炎是农村散养户和规模化猪场的一种较常见的繁殖障碍性疾病。文章介绍了青海省互助八眉母猪乳房炎的致病因素及临床症状,并提出了相应的综合防治措施。     

互助八眉猪肉特色香肠的研究

以互助八眉猪肉为原料,通过单因素和正交实验,研究了各因素对特色麻辣香肠的影响,得出特色麻辣香肠的最佳工艺配方为：瘦肥肉搭配比例为7：3、鸡蛋的加入量为75g/kg。各调料对实验结果影响的主次因素依次为：食盐〉辣椒面〉花椒粉〉胡椒粉。     

青海八眉二元杂种母猪的繁殖性能研究

为了研究青海八眉二元杂种母猪的繁殖性能,试验对其杂交的繁殖性能各项指标进行测定。结果表明:八眉猪产仔数显著高于长×(约×八)(P<0.05),极显著高于约×(约×八)(P<0.01);八眉猪和长×(约×八)产仔活数显著高于约×(约×八)(P<0.05);二元杂种母猪初生重和初生窝重显著高于八眉猪(P<0.05);长×(约×八)、长×(长×八)和约×(长×八)21日龄重显著高于八眉猪(P<0.05),约×(约×八)21日龄重与八眉猪相比差异不显著(P>0.05);长×(约×八)、约×(约×八)、约×(长×八)和长×(长×八)21日龄窝重、断奶重、断奶窝重极显著高于八眉猪(P<0.01);各组断奶仔数差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

中西医结合治疗互助八眉母猪子宫内膜炎

互助八眉猪在当地又叫＂互助猪＂、＂大耳朵猪＂,是青海省唯一的猪遗传资源地方保护品种。2006年被列入农业部公布的首批138个国家级畜禽遗传资源保护品种名录,且在34个猪品种中位居第一位。     

酿酒酵母培养物对八眉黑猪母猪繁殖性能和仔猪生长性能的影响

本试验旨在研究酿酒酵母培养物对八眉黑猪母猪繁殖性能及仔猪生长性能的影响.选择健康状况良好、体况及预产期相近的八眉黑猪妊娠母猪20头,随机分成2个处理组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组(妊娠母猪、哺乳母猪、断奶仔猪)饲喂基础日粮+0.1％酿酒酵母培养物.试验期从母猪妊娠85 d开始至下次配种结束,仔猪从断奶前一周至70日龄结...     

新生仔猪产肠毒素性大肠埃希氏菌致病因子的分子生物学研究进展

阐述了新生仔猪产肠毒素性大肠埃希氏菌（ETEC）菌毛的结构、分子生物学特性、基因检测技术、菌毛抗原受体的生化特性以及菌毛载体系统的优点；另外，从分子结构与功能、作用机理、基因检测三方面叙述了新生仔猪ETEC不耐热肠毒素和耐热肠毒素的研究进展。     

新生仔猪肝脏胰腺和胃发育的初步研究

试验研究了1～7日龄仔猪肝脏、胰腺和胃的生长发育。结果表明,自然哺乳仔猪3日龄的肝脏、胰腺和胃的绝对重量分别较初生时增加了94.09%P<0.01、101.53%P<0.01和74.25%P<0.01,而同期体重才增加了24.3%P<0.05,而4～7日龄其绝对重量的增加有所降低,分别为64.86%P<0.01、52.75%P<0.01和55.85%P<0.01,同期体重增加了63.8%P<0.01因此,1～3日龄肝、胰腺和胃的发育较4～7日龄的迅速。     

日粮中添加茴香和大蒜素对母猪初乳抗氧化特性及仔猪早期生长性能的影响

通过在母猪妊娠后期和哺乳前期的日粮中添加茴香或大蒜素,来研究茴香和大蒜素对母猪初乳抗氧化特性及仔猪早期生长的影响。选取健康的经产母猪36头,将母猪随机地分为3组,其中对照组母猪21头,茴香组母猪7头,大蒜组母猪8头。从母猪的妊娠后期(产前第30天)至哺乳前期(产后第7天),日粮中分别添加300 mg/kg的茴香或大蒜素。结果显示:茴香组和大蒜素组母猪初乳中的T-SOD含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),茴香组母猪初乳中的MDA含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。同时,茴香组母猪所产仔猪的出生重极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),7日龄时的体重也显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验表明,茴香能够增强母猪初乳的抗氧化性能,改善仔猪的早期生长性能。     

Effects of 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation in maternal diets on milk quality and serum bone status markers of sows and bone quality of piglets

Twenty primiparous sows were allocated to two treatments to evaluate the effects of maternal 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD₃) supplementation during gestation and lactation on milk quality and serum bone status markers of sows and bone quality of piglets. Immediately after mating, sows were randomly allotted to one of two diets supplemented with 50 µg/kg 25OHD₃ or basal diets without 25OHD₃. Blood and milk samples were obtained. At birth and weaning, 10 piglets from each treatment were killed for bone quality analysis. 25OHD₃‐fed sows provided one more piglet at farrowing and 1.17 more piglets at weaning than sows fed basal diets. The contents of solids not‐fat, protein, fat or lactose were increased in milk from days 7 and 14 of lactation in 25OHD₃‐supplemented sows and 25OHD₃ concentrations in milk were increased by dietary 25OHD₃ supplementation. Dietary 25OHD₃ supplementation increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity but had no effect on serum tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase activity of sows. Maternal 25OHD₃ supplementation improved bone strength, density and ash content of newborn piglets rather than those of weaning piglets. In conclusion, 25OHD₃ supplementation in maternal diets improved reproductive performance, milk quality and bone status of sows as well as bone quality of newborn piglets.     

微生态制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、器官重及其胃肠道发育的影响

通过给苏淮断奶仔猪饲喂微生态制剂(植物乳杆菌为主)研究其对断奶仔猪生长性能、器官重及其胃肠道发育的影响,分析仔猪生长性能与器官重、小肠形态、肠道pH的相关性,探讨微生态制剂缓解仔猪断奶应激的可能机制。选取健康、胎次和体重相近[(9.34±0.33)kg]的144头28日龄苏淮断奶仔猪,随机分为对照组(基础日粮)、抗生素组(基础日粮+抗生素)、微生态制剂组(基础日粮+微生态制剂),每组6个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。预试期为3d,试验于32日龄开始,59日龄结束时屠宰采样。结果表明,与对照组相比,微生态制剂可显著提高断奶仔猪平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)(P0.05),降低料重比(F/G)和腹泻率(P0.05);显著提高(P0.05)断奶仔猪脾脏相对重量;显著增加断奶仔猪十二指肠绒毛高度(P0.05),显著降低十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒隐比(P0.05),十二指肠、空肠、回肠隐窝深度有下降趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05);显著降低(P0.05)断奶仔猪盲肠、结肠pH。与抗生素组相比,微生态制剂组对各指标无显著影响(P0.05)。相关性分析显示,ADG增加与肝脏相对重量增加显著相关(P0.05);ADFI增加与十二指肠和脾脏相对重量、回肠绒隐比增加显著相关(P0.05),与结肠和盲肠pH、回肠隐窝深度降低显著相关(P0.05);F/G降低与结肠相对重量增加呈显著相关(P0.05);腹泻率下降与十二指肠相对重、脾脏相对重量、十二指肠和空肠绒隐比增加呈显著相关(P0.05)。由此看出,微生态制剂可通过增加器官重,改善肠道形态,降低胃肠道pH,提高断奶仔猪生长性能、降低腹泻率,缓解断奶应激对仔猪的影响,该微生态制剂具有替代抗生素的潜力。     

Effects of a dietary application of a yeast cell wall extract on innate and acquired immunity, on oxidative status and growth performance in weanling piglets and on the ileal epithelium in fattened pigs

Potential immunomodulatory effects of a cell wall extract from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Y; Antaferm MG) were tested in pigs: in trial I, 0.03% Y and in trial II 0.3% Y was used. Based on earlier observations that Y may increase feed intake, two treatment groups, Y-a (fed ad libitum) and Y-r (fed restrictively) were studied in comparison with a control group (C) in both trials. Y-r received the amount of feed consumed by C. Immune status was surveyed by determining phagocytic activity and oxidative burst of neutrophils and blood concentrations of haptoglobin (Hp), and immunoglobulin (Ig) G and A. Oxidative stress was monitored by recording reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) and total antioxidant capacity. In a third trial, fattened pigs were used for morphological and immunohistochemical studies (IgM and IgA as well as CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells) in ileal epithelium. Pigs fed 0.03% Y for 2 weeks prior to slaughter were compared with the C group. Feed intake was identical in the Y-a and Y-b groups and data subsets were accordingly pooled. Treatment and time as well as treatment x time interactions were detectable for most of the parameters studied, but a distinct immunomodulatory effect of Y was not consistently identifiable and performance did not improve. In trial III, the intestinal parameters investigated were not different between Y and C.     

新型发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能及胃肠道发育的影响

为了研究新型发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能和胃肠道发育的影响,根据胎次、体重相近原则,选用26日龄断奶体重为(4.75±0.38)kg的90头杜枫姜仔猪分为对照组、试验Ⅰ组(日粮+17.5%发酵豆粕)和试验Ⅱ组(日粮+35%发酵豆粕),每组3个重复,每个重复10头,试验为期20 d。结果:与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ(P<0.05)、Ⅱ组(P<0.01)仔猪日增重效果均显著;料重比分别降低4.21%(P>0.05)、19.47%(P<0.05);腹泻率均显著低于对照组;两试验组仔猪胃内容物pH值均显著降低(P<0.01);而胃黏膜厚度及胃壁厚度显著增加(P<0.01)。试验Ⅱ组的肠绒毛高度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值显著高于对照组(P<0.05),隐窝深度和肠壁厚度显著降低;试验Ⅰ组肠道发育也有所改善。表明新型发酵豆粕可提高断奶仔猪生长性能,降低腹泻率,促进仔猪胃肠道发育,且完全替代普通豆粕时效果最佳。     

Effects of supplementation level and particle size of alfalfa hay on growth characteristics and rumen development in dairy calves

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of particle size (PS) of alfalfa hay on growth characteristics and rumen development in dairy calves at two levels of alfalfa supplementation. Fifty newborn dairy calves (42.7 ± 2.2 kg BW) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with the factors supplementation level (low, 8%; or high, 16% on DM basis) and PS (medium, 2.92 mm; or long, 5.04 mm as geometrical means) of alfalfa hay. In addition, a control group without alfalfa hay was used. Hence, treatments were: control (C); low level with medium PS (LM); low level with long PS (LL); high level with medium PS (HM) or high level with long PS (HL). Growth performance of alfalfa‐fed calves did not differ from control calves, but alfalfa supplementation decreased corneum thickness of the rumen wall. In alfalfa‐fed calves, post‐weaning starter intake was greater for LL calves than for LM calves. During the entire rearing period, starter intake was 26–32% higher for LL and HM calves than for LM calves. Pre‐weaning average daily gain was higher for LL and HM calves than for HL calves, but this effect was not persistent over the entire rearing period. Final body weight decreased from 86 to 79 kg when the level of long PS alfalfa hay increased from 8 to 16%, but increased from 78 to 87 kg when the level of medium PS alfalfa increased from 8 to 16%. Regardless of PS and level, morphometric characteristics of rumen wall were generally similar among alfalfa feeding groups, but corneum thickness decreased from 8.7 to 6.1 μm with greater PS at the low level. These results indicate that adequate, but not excessive, physical stimulation is required for appropriate rumen development and growth performance of dairy calves.     

小肽营养素对断奶仔猪生产性能及小肠发育的影响

50头 2 1日龄断奶的胜利白猪随机分为 5组 ,Ⅰ组 (对照组 )为基础日粮组 ;Ⅱ ,Ⅲ ,Ⅳ组分别为基础日粮 +1 % ,2 % ,3 %小肽营养素 ;Ⅴ组为基础日粮 +2 %SDPP。试验期 2 8d。结果表明 ,添加 3 %小肽营养素后 ,仔猪平均日增重比对照组提高 33 67% (P <0 0 5) ,料重比下降8 4% (P <0 0 5)与添加 2 %SDPP的效果类似。添加小肽营养素后 ,仔猪十二指肠、空肠、回肠的绒毛长度增加、隐窝深度减小 ,这种趋势随着小肽营养素添加量的增加而提高。小肽营养素能刺激仔猪断奶后十二指肠食糜乳糖酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶的活性 ,以添加 3 %小肽营养素和 2 %SDPP效果较好。小肽营养素可促进断奶仔猪免疫系统发育 ,增加血液中IgG浓度 (P <0 0 5)。