多叶老芒麦种子田最佳播种量和行距的试验初报

通过田间试验探讨了青海省海南地区建立多叶老芒麦种子田最佳播种量和播种行距,试验表明:多叶老芒麦播量以14kg/hm2较适宜,行距以45 cm较佳,播量与行距的最优配置为14～21 kg/hm2和45cm产籽量最高。     

康巴老芒麦种子繁育关键技术研究

通过对康巴老芒麦的种植方式、不同行距、不同追肥量、不同基肥和多效唑等种子生产关键技术对康巴老芒麦种子生产性能的影响研究,结果表明:分蘖-拔节期追施120kg/hm2复合肥可提高老芒麦种子生产性能;50cm行距时老芒麦种子产量最高达1 440kg/hm2,40cm行距时老芒麦牧草产量最高达10 170kg/hm2;180kg/hm2复合肥较150kg/hm2牛羊粪更有利于老芒麦种子生产;在孕穗期喷施PP333可明显降低植株高度,减少倒伏,提高种子产量,但高浓度处理对种子生产不利,多效唑处理对种子千粒重影响较小。     

不同行距、不同施肥量处理对“川草2号”老芒麦种子生产的影响

以"川草2号"老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus L.cv.chuancaoNO.2)为试验材料,采用不同底肥、不同施肥量和不同行距等处理对"川草2号"老芒麦进行种子丰产栽培技术研究,以期为"川草2号"老芒麦种子生产管理技术提供依据。结果表明:复合肥作底肥施肥量为120 kg/hm2的平均种子产量最高,达1 612.26 kg/hm2,施肥量为120 kg/hm2比较适合老芒麦种子生产。施肥量过高,不但浪费资金投入,而且不利于"川草2号"老芒麦种子生产;复合肥作底肥行距为60 cm的种子产量最高,为1 534.5 kg/hm2,在红原进行"川草2号"老芒麦种子生产,行距60 cm比较适合。     

不同行距、不同施肥量处理对"川草2号"老芒麦种子生产的影响

以"川草2号"老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus L.cv.chuancao NO.2)为试验材料,采用不同底肥、不同施肥量和不同行距等处理对"川草2号"老芒麦进行种子丰产栽培技术研究,以期为"川草2号"老芒麦种子生产管理技术提供依据.结果表明:复合肥作底肥施肥量为120 kg/hm2的平均种子产量最高,达1 612.26 kg/hm2,施肥量为120 kg/hm2比较适合老芒麦种子生产.施肥量过高.不但浪费资金投入,而且不利于"川草2号"老芒麦种子生产;复合肥作底肥行距为60 cm的种子产量最高,为1 534.5kg/hm2,在红原进行"川草2号"老芒麦种子生产,行距60 cm比较适合.     

黑龙江省西部苜蓿优化栽培技术研究

在黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市，应用正交试验设计对苜蓿进行行距、灌水、施肥种类及施氮肥试验。试验结果表明，行距以30em处理产草量最高，每公顷产干草11049kg，比45cm处理增产干草9．9％，差异显著（P〈O．05）；以灌水1次为好；施农家肥22500kg／hm^2产干草11403kg／hm^2，增产效果最佳，比施复合肥150kg／hm^2增产干草17．1％（P〈O．05）和施磷酸二铵150kg／hm^2增产干草6．6％（P〈o．05），施磷酸二铵比施复合肥增产9．8％（P〈0．05）；施尿素112．5kg／hm^2增产效果好于施尿素75kg／hm^2和150kg／hm^2处理；处理6（彳亍距30cm，灌水3次，施磷酸二铵150kg／hm^2，施氮肥112．5kg／hm^2）和处理2（行距15cm，灌水2次，施农家肥22500kg／hm^2，施氮肥112．5kg／hm^2）分别产干草11818kg／hm^2和11730kg／hm^2，显著高于其他处理。     

松嫩平原苜蓿高产栽培技术研究

在松嫩平原，应用正交试验对苜蓿产量进行行距、灌水、施肥影响研究。结果表明，以30cm行距处理产草量最高，干草产量15389．66kg／hm^2；灌水以3次和1次为好；施农家肥22500kg／hm^2增产效果好于施磷酸二铵150kg／hm^2和施复合肥150kg／hm^2处理；施尿素112．5kg／hm^2增产效果最佳，平均产干草14673．61kg／hm^2；行距30cm、灌水3次、施磷酸二铵150kg／hm^2、施氮肥112．5kg／hm^2处理产干草19395．83kg／hm^2，极显著高于其它处理。     

青南牧区不同处理下燕麦生产牲能的分析

以不同燕麦品种、施尿素量、行距和播量在青海果洛州达日县进行正交试验表明，各因素对燕麦株高的影响均极显著，燕麦生长期间各处理生长速率的峰值分别出现在分蘖盛期、拔节盛期和孕穗盛期，最快生长期出现在7月14日至23日拔节盛期。获得最高产草量的最适行距、施尿素量和播种量分别为13、2cm、250kg/hm^2和250kg/hm^2。燕麦在试验地区生殖生长期不足，单蘖穗重占单蘖重的比例较低，而单蘖茎重则成为单蘖重的主要结构成分。与单蘖重关系最显著的是单蘖茎重，其次为单蘖叶重和秆径，而单蘖穗重与之相关不显著。     

穴播条件下株行距对紫花苜蓿种子产量和质量的影响

在甘肃省酒泉市研究了穴播条件下不同株、行距处理对紫花苜蓿种子生产性能的影响，结果表明：在产种第一年（2004年）行距和株距对种子产量和产量构成因素均产生了显著的影响（P〈0．05），随着行距从60cm递增至100cm，种子产量也随之从1240kg／hm^2下降到982kg／hm^2，而各株距处理的种子产量则从15cm的1426kg／hm^2依次递减至60cm的807kg／hm^2；行距60cm和株距15cm组合的产量最高，为1833kg／hm^2，100cm行距和株距60cm组合的产量最低，为753kg／hm^2。株行距的增加显著降低了枝条密度，但结荚花序数／枝条和荚果数／结荚花序却显著提高。品种间种子产量的差异不显著。品种间的结荚花序数／枝条、种子重量、正常种苗率、发芽势和硬实率存在显著的差异（P〈0．05）。     

氮肥、植物生长调节剂和环境因素对无芒雀麦种子生产的影响

通过观察无芒雀麦大大连市普兰店地区的生长的生殖特性发现1999年该地的气候我芒雀麦的生殖发育和种子生产，但在种子成熟期的高温干旱导致种子成熟速度加快和种子重量降低。同时，还了氮肥和植物生长调节剂对无芒雀麦种子产量的影响。施氮量为180kg/hm^2时，无芒雀麦的种子产量最高，可达1844kg/hm^2，但和施氮量为150kg/hm^2、120kg/hm^2和90kg/hm^2处理间的差异不显著，在无芒雀麦的抽穗初期喷施调嘧啶和多效唑对无芒雀麦种子的各产量构成要素、种子产量和植株高度都没有明显的影响。     

五种高禾草在高寒地区生产性状的比较

三年的试验结果表明：5种高禾草在试种地区均能安全越冬，细茎冰草，绒毛冰草，多叶老芒麦，短芒老芒麦和无芒雀麦种植后第二，三年平均鲜草产量分别为24.05,11.51,25.52,24.40和23.63t/hm^2。平均产籽量分别为1.158,0.000,0.977,1.024和0.652t/hm^2，叶片占总重的比例分别为27.8%,22.4%,28.9%,24.8%和30.4%。除绒毛冰草因产草量和叶量较低。且种子不能成熟，不适于在该地区种植外，其余4种均可种植。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.