杭州悬铃木方翅网蝽的捕食性天敌种类及日本通草蛉幼虫捕食作用

本文调查发现杭州悬铃木方翅网蝽Corythucha ciliata(Say)的捕食性天敌有5科7种,主要是日本通草蛉Chrysoperla nipponensis(Okamoto)、普通草蛉Chrysoperla carnea(Stephens)和小花蝽属Orius spp..日本通草蛉幼虫对悬铃木方翅网蝽成虫、若虫的捕食功能反应均符合Holling Ⅱ型方程,捕食作用强弱为:日本通草蛉3龄幼虫捕食若虫＞日本通草蛉2龄幼虫捕食若虫＞日本通草蛉3龄幼虫捕食成虫,其对应的搜寻效率α与处理时间Th值分别为1.0141、0.5687、0.3757和0.0075、0.0121、0.0267.成虫和若虫共存时,日本通草蛉3龄幼虫喜好捕食若虫.日本通草蛉幼虫的搜寻效应随猎物密度的增加而降低.在悬铃木方翅网蝽若虫密度相同的条件下,日本通草蛉2龄、3龄幼虫随着自身密度的增大,其平均捕食量逐渐减少,捕食作用率也相应降低,其捕食作用率E与自身密度P的关系分别为:E=0.3164 P-0.4700和E=0.3411 P-0.4762.日本通草蛉幼虫间存在分摊竞争.     

淡翅小花蝽对豆大蓟马的捕食功能反应及猎物偏好性

为评价淡翅小花蝽对豆大蓟马的控害潜能,在室内测定了淡翅小花蝽各虫态对豆大蓟马2龄若虫的捕食能力、寻找效应、捕食选择性及自身密度干扰反应。结果表明：一定的猎物密度范围内,淡翅小花蝽各虫态对豆大蓟马的捕食作用均符合Holling Ⅱ功能反应模型,淡翅小花蝽各虫态的捕食量均随猎物密度的增加而升高,搜寻效应均随猎物密度增加而下降。淡翅小花蝽若虫的捕食能力随龄期的增长而提高,5龄若虫的日捕食能力最强,为42.9头。淡翅小花蝽5龄若虫对2龄若虫捕食率随其自身密度的增加而下降,经拟合获得的干扰模型为E＝0.412P^-0.822,分摊竞争模型为I＝1.042lgP＋0.071。猎物偏好性试验结果表明,淡翅小花蝽5龄若虫和成虫均对豆大蓟马2龄若虫的偏好性明显高于成虫。研究结果表明淡翅小花蝽对豆大蓟马具有较好的防控潜能。     

悬铃木方翅网蝽的发生与生物学特性

悬铃木方翅网蝽1年发生5代,全年发生期4～12月,第1代近70 d,2、3、4代的历期在40 d左右。若虫5龄,若虫期9～23 d,成虫寿命为10～25 d。每雌虫产卵约300粒,卵期为9～34 d。该虫10月中下旬开始以成虫越冬,越冬场所主要是主干或主侧枝的树表翘皮,每年发生量主要与气温、林木的郁闭度以及天敌相关。     

南方小花蝽和花蓟马种群季节动态及捕食功能反应(英文)

2006-2007年使用吸虫器调查了田间花蓟马(Frankliniella intonsa)和南方小花蝽(Orius strigicollis)的季节动态,结果表明:月季生境中花蓟马和南方小花蝽分别是植食性害虫和捕食性天敌优势种;南方小花蝽与花蓟马种群季节变化均呈单峰型,且两者变化关系密切(2006, R~2=0.586;2007,R~2=0.388)。室内试验结果表明:南方小花蝽成虫对花蓟马的捕食功能反应符合HollingⅡ型,圆盘方程为N_e=0.60×N_0/(1+0.038×N_0),理论日最大捕食量为15.79头。     

三突花蛛对绿盲蝽和苜蓿盲蝽的捕食作用

室内研究表明,三突花蛛Misumenops tricuspidatus捕食行为始于二龄幼蛛,可捕食绿盲蝽和苜蓿盲蝽的各龄若虫及成虫。其成蛛对两种盲蝽捕食功能反应属H0llingⅡ型,日捕食绿盲蝽和苜蓿盲蝽二龄、四龄若虫可分别达56.5、22.1头和30.4、9.3头。选择试验表明,三突花蛛对两种盲蝽无取食选择性差别,但对不同龄期的同种盲蝽趋于选择体型较大个体。环境温度对三突花蛛的捕食量有明显影响,以20～35℃为适宜捕食温度;低于10℃下日捕食量显著降低。2007年棉花田间调查结果显示,三突花蛛与盲蝽自然种群动态有明显的相关关系。上述结果表明三突花蛛是绿盲蝽和苜蓿盲蝽的重要捕食性天敌。     

两个地理种群蠋蝽的生物学特性差异比较

蠋蝽Arma chinensis Fallou是一种优良的捕食性天敌昆虫, 在多种农林害虫的生物防治中发挥着重要作用?为明确不同地理来源的蠋蝽种群的生物学特征, 指导蠋蝽的扩繁及在不同地区的释放应用, 本研究测定并比较了河北廊坊和贵州六盘水两个地区蠋蝽种群的表观形态?发育历期?成虫寿命和繁殖能力等生物学指标?结果表明, 贵州六盘水蠋蝽种群的体型显著大于河北廊坊种群; 河北廊坊蠋蝽种群的若虫期虽长于贵州六盘水种群, 但二者无显著差异; 河北廊坊种群配对饲养的雄虫和单雌饲养的雌虫其寿命显著长于贵州六盘水种群, 配对饲养的雌虫寿命两种群间无显著差异; 两个种群蠋蝽雌虫均在羽化后5~8 d进入产卵高峰期, 贵州六盘水种群的产卵前期较短, 且配对饲养条件下其单雌产卵量显著高于河北廊坊种群?     

东亚小花蝽若虫对西花蓟马成虫的捕食作用

室内开展了东亚小花蝽二龄、四龄若虫对西花蓟马成虫的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应研究。结果表明,在26℃试验温度下其捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型方程,东亚小花蝽若虫的捕食量随着猎物密度的增加而增加,搜寻效应随着猎物密度的增加而降低,捕食上限分别为9.2头和23.0头。     

板栗透翅蛾的生物学特性与防治研究

板栗透翅蛾（ＡｅｇｅｒｉａｍｏｌｙｂｄｏｃｅｐｓＨａｍｐｓｏｎ）是我国北方栗区的主要害虫。近年来我省栗区面积扩大,该虫也成为我省栗区的主要蛀干害虫之一,主要寄生板栗,也可为害锥栗和茅栗。幼虫在树干的韧皮部和木质部之间串食,造成不规则虫道,使树表皮肿胀...     

咖啡透翅天蛾的生物学研究

咖啡透翅天蛾是湖北省桅子花的重要害虫之一,在宜昌1年发生2代,以第二代蛹在寄主树下土中做土室越冬,越冬代成虫5月下旬至6月下旬出现,第一代成虫发生于8至9月;幼虫共6龄,四龄后取食量约占幼虫食量的95％。第一代发生于6至7月,且为害重,第二代发生于8至10月。据观察该虫天敌12种,其中赤眼蜂、草蛉、蜘蛛是优势种群。化学防治以2000倍青虫菌6号液剂和40％氰戊菊酯8000倍液于幼虫一至二龄时喷雾效果好。     

淡翅小花蝽对黄胸蓟马的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应

为评价淡翅小花蝽Orius tantillus对黄胸蓟马Thrips hawaiiensis的捕食作用及控害潜能, 在室内条件下研究了淡翅小花蝽对黄胸蓟马2龄若虫的捕食功能反应?搜寻效应和干扰反应?结果表明:淡翅小花蝽对黄胸蓟马若虫的捕食功能反应符合HollingⅡ型, 其捕食量随着猎物密度的增加而提高, 其搜寻效应随着猎物密度的增加而下降?淡翅小花蝽成虫具有较强的种内干扰作用, 随着自身密度的增加, 其平均捕食量减少, 捕食作用率降低?根据Beddington模型E=a/[1+aThN+bTw(P-1)]拟合获得淡翅小花蝽成虫捕食黄胸蓟马2龄若虫的干扰模型E=0.968 5/(0.011 0N+1.383 7P-0.383 7), 表明淡翅小花蝽的搜寻效应随其自身密度和黄胸蓟马密度的增大而下降?研究结果表明淡翅小花蝽对黄胸蓟马具有较大防治潜力?     

榕母管蓟马危害榕树盆景

榕母管蓟马[Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal)]又称古巴月桂雌蓟马, 属缨翅目, 管蓟马科, 是榕树上一种重要的害虫, 过去在我国长期使用G. uzeli Zimmermann学名.     

外来有害入侵生物--西花蓟马

西花蓟马原产于北美洲，自上个世纪80年代以来已扩散到许多国家，并对经济作物造成了严重危害。西花蓟马生活周期短，种群繁殖速度快，有转寄主能力，气候适宜性强。本文对西花蓟马的起源与分布、危害、生物学特性、防治措施等进行了概述。     

Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan, 1913) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), an Asian pest thrips now established in Europe

An established population of Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a species originating from Asia and the Pacific, is reported for the first time in the Western Palaeartic zone (in the South of France). Notes relating to the current geographical distribution, identification, biology and risk of establishment of this potentially invasive species in Europe are provided.     

Inheritance of resistance to acrinathrin in Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

BACKGROUND: The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is an economically important pest. The genetic basis of acrinathrin resistance was investigated in WFT. RESULTS: The resistant strain, selected in the laboratory for acrinathrin resistance from a pool of thrips populations collected in Almeria (south-eastern Spain), showed a high resistance to acrinathrin (43-fold based on LC(50) values) compared with the laboratory susceptible strain. Mortality data from reciprocal crosses of resistant and susceptible thrips indicated that resistance was autosomal and not influenced by maternal effects. Analysis of probit lines from the parental strains and reciprocal crosses showed that resistance was expressed as a codominant trait. To determine the number of genes involved, a direct test of monogenic inheritance based on the backcrosses suggested that resistance to acrinathrin was probably controlled by one locus. Another approach, which was based on phenotypic variances, showed n(E), or the minimum number of freely segregating genetic factors for the resistant strain, to be 0.79. CONCLUSION: The results showed that acrinathrin resistance in WFT was autosomal and not influenced by maternal effects, and was expressed as a codominant trait, probably controlled by one locus.     

温度对东亚小花蝽捕食美洲棘蓟马的影响

为明确不同温度下东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri雌成虫对美洲棘蓟马Echinothrips americanus雌成虫捕食能力的影响,利用HollingⅡ、HollingⅢ及Flinn’s三种模型研究了辣椒上天敌捕食量、猎物密度和环境温度三者间的关系,并推测了该功能反应和搜索效应的相关参数。结果表明:在16、19、22、25、28、31和34℃各温度条件下,东亚小花蝽雌成虫捕食量随猎物密度增加而增大,且差异显著,寻找效应随之降低。HollingⅡ与HollingⅢ模型均适合拟合不同温度下东亚小花蝽雌成虫的捕食功能反应,且HollingⅡ模型较HollingⅢ模型拟合度更好。在HollingⅡ模型拟合条件下,东亚小花蝽22℃时瞬时攻击率最高,为1.132,34℃时处理单头猎物时间最短,为0.007 d。在HollingⅢ模型拟合条件下,19℃时最佳寻找密度最低,为10.31头,34℃时单日最大捕食量最大,为52.67头。由双因素变量Flinn’s模型拟合得到的东亚小花蝽雌成虫平均瞬时攻击率为4.314,并且在34℃、初始猎物密度45头下,东亚小花蝽雌成虫能发挥最大捕食潜能。表明东亚小花蝽为美洲棘蓟马的有效天敌。     

First record of Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan, 1913) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), an Asian pest thrips in Spain

Several permanent populations of Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan, 1913) were discovered outdoors for the first time in Spain in 2010. Captures were made mainly on Rosa flowers, Nerium oleander and Gerbera sp.     

Resistance of avocado thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) to sabadilla, a botanically derived bait

Bioassays were conducted on four avocado thrips (Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara) populations in southern California that had had limited past exposure to the botanical pesticide sabadilla, with the objective of establishing baseline susceptibility levels for the purpose of resistance monitoring. Reports of avocado thrips resistance in a grove that had received six sabadilla sprays over 2 years were confirmed when a bioassay indicated resistance ratios of 7.6 and 18.8 at the LC50 and LC90, respectively. Owing to the availability of other unrelated pesticides, sabadilla sprays were discontinued at this site, and, after 5.5 years, resistance ratios had dropped to near baseline levels. Avocado thrips baseline susceptibility to cyfluthrin was also obtained from one grove for future resistance monitoring studies. Resistance management principles are discussed in relation to the limited future options available for avocado thrips control.     

东亚小花蝽对四种害虫的捕食作用

室内饲养的东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri成虫对棉蓟马成虫、烟粉虱4龄若虫、朱砂叶螨雌成螨和甘蓝蚜成虫的捕食作用、种内干扰作用测定结果表明：捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型;东亚小花蝽对棉蓟马的捕食量符合Na=1.0819Nt/（1＋0.08485Nt）,对朱砂叶螨的捕食量符合Na=2.704Nt/（1＋0.1423Nt）,对烟粉虱的捕食量符合Na=1.9641Nt/（1＋0.2455Nt）,对甘蓝蚜的捕食量符合Na=1.5912Nt/（1＋0.1808Nt）。东亚小花蝽的捕食作用有较强的种内干扰反应,捕食率与个体间相互干扰的关系符合Hassell模型。东亚小花蝽的捕食量与害虫密度正相关,寻找效应与害虫密度负相关。在这4种害虫中,小花蝽对朱砂叶螨的瞬间攻击率和最大捕食量均最大、处置时间最短,对棉蓟马的瞬间攻击率最小,对烟粉虱的最大捕食量最小、处置时间最长。     

First record of Bregmatothrips dimorphus (Priesner, 1919) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Tunisia

During an inventory study of thrips species carried out in the central‐eastern coastal region of Tunisia in 2010 and 2011, Bregmatothrips dimorphus (Priesner, 1919) (Thysanoptera; Thripidae) was found on two host plants; barley (Hordeum vulgare Linnaeus) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench). This is the first record of B. dimorphus in Tunisia. Its distribution in other parts of the world and taxonomic characteristics are briefly presented.     

Effects of a juvenile hormone analog,pyriproxyfen, on Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Effects of a juvenile hormone analog, pyriproxyfen, on various developmental stadia of the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, were determined on cabbage leaves in the laboratory. Pyriproxyfen was applied at 0.064 or 0.128 g AI liter(-1) on leaves (residual contact-ingestion), thrips (direct contact) and leaf-thrips (residue contact-ingestion-direct contact). Pyriproxyfen did not have any significant lethal effects on thrips pupae in any treatment. Lethal effects on thrips larvae varied depending on application method and dosage. In the leaf and the leaf-thrips treatments, few larvae and pre-pupae molted to the next stage, and none developed to adults. In contrast, in the thrips-only treatment, pyriproxyfen did not show any significant lethal effects. The developmental times of larvae and pre-pupae were prolonged when larvae were treated with pyriproxyfen, and those of pre-pupae and pupae were shortened when pre-pupae and pupae were treated. The longevity and survival rates of thrips adults were generally shorter when they contacted and ingested pyriproxyfen-treated leaves than those in water control. Significantly fewer progeny (0.22-1.15 larvae per female) were produced by females that had fed on and been in contact with the pyriproxyfen-treated leaves than by those in the water control (11.94 larvae per female). However, the number of progeny produced by the thrips females increased significantly (3.32-7.28 larvae per female) when the females were transferred to untreated leaves after feeding on treated leaves for 5 days; the daily larval hatching pattern was similar to those in water control, indicating that female adults were able to produce viable eggs when untreated food was offered.