中籼迟熟恢复系泸恢1345的选育与应用

泸恢1345是四川省农科院水稻高粱研究所利用具有高配合力、强恢复力的恢复系明恢63作主体亲本与广亲和粳稻材料02428杂交,再与来自IRRI的高抗稻瘟病大粒型材料I-RAT144复交.采用"籼粳杂交,选用偏籼型材料,生物技术加速稳定,南繁北育,穿梭选择"的育种方法和途径.在籼型高配合力恢复系遗传背景中渗入部分粳稻血缘,以扩大遗传差异,提高杂种优势水平为基础;在保证有效穗和每穗着粒数的前提下,以提高杂交稻组合结实率和千粒重为突破口;选育而成的高配合力大粒重穗型中籼迟熟恢复系泸恢1345.配组育成的2个杂交稻新组合泰优99于2006年通过重庆审定,2009年通过全国审定:K优1345于2008年通过重庆审定     

杂交水稻恢复系南恢536的选育与应用

杂交水稻恢复系南恢536是南平市农科所利用强恢复系明恢86与优质恢复系多恢43杂交，育成的在产量、品质和落粒性等方面较明恢86有所改善的籼型恢复系，它具有恢复力强，恢复谱广，配合力好，制种产量高等特点。用南恢536配组的中晚稻杂优新组合Ⅱ优536于2005年通过福建省品种审定。     

水稻广亲和同质恢复系的选育及其途径探讨

利用同质恢材料，选择具有广亲和基因的粳稻品种02428与之杂交，采用系谱法进行连续多代选择正常结实株，育成了偏籼型的广亲和同质恢复系T136、T137等。通过对当选材料的亲缘关系分析，利用籼型同质恢复材料（系）与粳型广亲和系杂交，可以将广亲和基因与恢复基因聚合于一体，从而选育出广杂和恢复系，为三系法籼粳亚种杂种优势利用探索出新的途径。     

4种不同质源三系不育系配组的籼粳杂种F1优势表现

４种常见的不同质源籼型不育系与７份粳型（偏粳型）广亲和或广亲和恢复系间的不完全双列杂交试验表明，三系法籼粳杂种Ｆ１的平均株高，单株穗数，抽穗天数，剑叶长及主要穗总粒数等均存较高的对照优势，协青早Ａ和珍汕９７Ａ参与籼粳配组，其杂种在综合性状上通常较Ｄ２９７Ａ和ＩＩ－３２Ａ所配杂种要优越；选用感光性弱和配合力强的广谱型广亲和恢复系（如Ｈ６４）进行籼粳配组，其杂种可以克服植株超高，生育期超长，结实率偏低     

从T461的育成探讨广谱广亲和系的选育

T461是以籼粳中间型品种轮回422为广亲和、野败恢复基因供体,与意大利粳稻Cripto杂交选育成的具有良好一般配合力、广谱广亲和的偏粳型恢复系。T461能恢野败、矮败、印尼水田谷、滇型和BT型等核-质互作型籼、粳三系不育系,与籼型和粳型测验种杂交的结实率非常接近,小穗育性平均在90%以上,表现亲和力强、亲和谱广。在T461的改良过程中,选用多个不同的三系不育系在分离世代检测恢复性和配合力的同时,还能起到鉴定广亲和性的作用,达到获得广谱广亲和的目的。     

利用粳型广亲和不育系进行籼粳配组特性研究

以珍汕97A(野败质)为母本,粳型广亲和品种02428、热研1号为父本,采用成对连续回交,结合不育性的选择,育成了不育度高,不育性较为稳定,农艺性状一致,带有野败质的粳型广亲和不育系02428A和热研1号A.将它们与不同类型的籼型材料(普通籼型品种、恢复系、广亲和恢复系)的测配,可见02428A/籼配组F1平均表现穗大粒多而穗数较少;热研1号A/籼配组F1综合农艺性状良好.进一步分析参试籼型父本对该两个广亲和不育系的育性恢复度,发现恢复系密阳46、IR26(强恢珍汕97A)对其仅表现部分恢复.要使该类配组方式籼粳杂种F1结实率正常,父本仍宜选用广亲和恢复系.     

杂交稻强优恢复系南恢125的选育与应用

在利用国内外优良恢复系作亲本杂交育成中间材料N175基础上,再聚合杂交,培育成功强优恢复系南恢125。该恢复系具有株叶形态优良、恢复力强、恢复谱广、配合力好、花粉量多、制种产量高、较抗稻瘟、米质优等特点。用南恢125配组的Ⅱ优125、泸优125、特优125等组合在各级区试中表现突出,其中Ⅱ优125于2006年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定,显示出良好的生产应用前景。     

水稻广亲和广谱恢复系T136制种特性研究

Ｔ１３６是江苏里下河地区农科所利用籼粳亲缘渐渗的方法育成的广亲和广谱偏籼型“三系”恢复系，与珍汕９７Ａ配组而成的汕优１３６于１９９８年４月通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定定名。该组合杂种优势强，丰产性好，穗大粒多，结实率高，抗倒性强，后期熟相好，具...     

杂交水稻新品种荃9 优475 的选育

：荃9 优475 是江苏中江种业股份有限公司以自育高抗稻瘟病、白叶枯病籼粳交恢复系苏恢475 为父本,以香型优质抗稻瘟病不育系荃香9A 为母本配组育成的三系杂交水稻新品种。该品种株叶形态好、产量高、综合抗性好、米质优、适应性广,2022 年11 月通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

水稻广亲和广谱型恢复系SWR78的选育

利用野败（WA）型、红莲（HL）型、包台（BT型）3种细胞质的同核异质粳稻广亲和不育系苏秋A与19个籼、粳恢复系测交,筛选出对以上3种细胞质不育系均具正常恢复力的广谱型恢复系6078。通过回交,将广亲和品种Lemont的广亲和基因导入6078,育成广亲和广谱型恢复系SWR78。经测交鉴定,SWR78对WA型、印水（ID）型、HL型、BT型4种细胞质的10个籼、粳不育系均具正常恢复力。     

植物新品种保护与品种审定的意义和异同

随着知识产权愈来愈受到社会各界的关注，植物新品种保护工作也显得尤为重要。该文着重介绍了植物新品种保护的发展概况、意义及其与品种审定的异同，使读者对植物新品种保护工作有所了解。     

大白菜施肥技巧与主要病虫害防治

1施肥技巧 大白菜施肥原则是：整地重施有机肥，苗后分次巧追肥。追肥要掌握“少量多次、前少后多、分期供给”。肥后及时浇水，以达到肥水均匀，充分发挥肥效。     

果蔬采后存在问题及贮藏保鲜技术发展

随着生活水平的提高,果蔬产品成为人们摄取营养元素的重要食品之一。分析了我国果蔬采后存在的问题,并对低温及气调保鲜、化学保鲜剂、涂膜保鲜技术及超声保鲜技术等贮藏保鲜技术研究进行了综述,指出我国果蔬贮藏保鲜技术持续、稳定、健康的发展要倚重于科技创新。     

Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and residues of oil and protein crops

Oil and protein crops are of growing importance in cropping systems. This study was carried out to compare oil crops of linseed, rapeseed, sunflower and protein crops of faba bean and white lupin for grain production, residual plant dry matter and nitrogen. Two field experiments with either oil or protein crops were conducted in 1993 and 1994, respectively. Total dry matter production, grain yield, residues, N concentrations and mineral N in the soil were measured. Dry matter production and distribution as well as N uptake and residues varied greatly among species and between years. In 1993, oil crops gave up to 3 t ha⁻¹ grain and 16 t ha⁻¹ residues with sunflower, while in 1994 up to 5 and 11 t ha⁻¹, respectively, were recorded with winter rape. Protein crops showed an opposite reaction in years. Nitrogen uptake and residual N amounts were correlated with dry matter production. Plant residues of oil crops contained 20–140 kg N ha⁻¹; those of protein crops up to 80 kg N ha⁻¹. Despite the variation of residual plant N the variability of mineral N in the soil at harvest was hardly influenced by crops and amounted to only 20–50 kg NO⁻₃-N ha⁻¹.     

我国蔬菜产业和科学技术的发展与展望

1　我国蔬菜产业的发展现状蔬菜是人们日常生活中不可缺少的副食品,也是我国目前种植业中最具活力的经济作物。改革开放以来,随着市场经济的发展,农产品产销体制的不断改革和完善,特别是1988年实施“菜篮子工程”以来,蔬菜产业得到了蓬勃发展。1.1　播种面积1987~1999年,全国蔬菜播种面积由533.3万hm²,发展到1333.3万hm²,增长139.5%。1.2　总产量1987~1999年,全国蔬菜总产量由1.55亿t增加到4.05亿t,增长161.3%,使年人均鲜菜占有量达到330.7kg(世界各国人均105kg……     

向日葵抗盐碱生理生化机制与生长发育特性分析

以Y05-222A和Y06-136R杂交得到的135株F₂群体为研究材料,测定过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脯氨酸（Pro）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛（MDA）等6个生理指标,并进行方差分析、相关性分析和通径分析,对F₂群体进行偏度及峰度分析。结果显示,以上6个生理指标在F₂群体中P>0.05,分布频率符合正态分布,同时存在双向超亲分离现象;相关性分析和通径分析显示,这些指标与抗盐碱系数均呈极显著相关（正相关或负相关）,且相关系数与总间接通径系数方向一致。POD活性的直接通径系数为0.5003,可见POD直接影响抗盐碱性;CAT活性和Pro含量的直接通径系数分别为-0.1317和-0.0384,间接影响抗盐碱性;SOD活性、MDA及可溶性蛋白含量直接或间接影响抗盐碱性。POD、SOD、Pro、CAT、可溶性蛋白和MDA各生理指标的抗盐碱作用表现为POD>CAT>Pro>可溶性蛋白>MDA>SOD。叶片数、株高、茎粗和盘径与抗盐碱系数呈极显著正相关,其相关性表现为叶片数>盘径>株高>茎粗。以上结果可为研究油用向日葵抗盐碱性提供一定的理论基础。     

Approaches and Applications of Chemomics and Chemoinformatics

Some novel concepts of chemomics/molomics are proposed including hydrocarbomics, alcophenomics, carboxomics, pepitomics, metabonomics, etc. like genomics, protomics and glycomics in bioomics. Some examples are given to demonstrate the chemomics and/or molomics methodology and technology based chemoinformatics and bioinformatics and their wide applications in Chemistry and Biology.     

On Fengshui and Rockery and Water Layout

Definition of Fengshui and the theories of selecting mountain and water environment in Fengshui were elaborated. Theories about mountain-water relationship were expounded from the perspective of piling of rockeries and layout of water, a residential area in Hefei City, Beijing Olympics Park, Hangzhou Prince Bay Park, mineral pit of Shanghai Chenshan Botanic Garden, Beijing Beihai Park, Shanghai Changfeng Park were taken for example to demonstrate the influence of traditional rockery and mountain layout in Fengshui on modern landscape design.     

果蔬食品的褐变与控制

结合生产实际,对果蔬食品产生褐变的机理及其控制途径进行探讨。通过遗传学途径,培育果蔬新品种,使之不含易氧化变色物质,增强其天然抗褐变性,是控制果蔬褐变的根本途径。     

Acidity and sweetness in apple and pear

Summary Sweetness and acidity in apple and pear inherit independently and can be organoleptically evaluated separately, but less accurately in pear than in apple. For breeding purposes an analysis of fruits for acidity and sweetness with pH indicator paper and a hand refractometer is to be prefered to the organoleptic method.In apple, the acidity-decreasing with time-of the unripe fruit was already strongly indicative of that of the eating-ripe fruit; sugar-increasing with time-not before the fruit was picking ripe. Sugar content in apple and pear, and the pH in pear, appeared to be normally distributed; the pH in apple showed a segregation into an acid and a low-acid group, which occurred in both the unripe and ripe stage. The segregation ratio between these groups was found to be highly variable. On the whole, the mean acidity and sugar content of apple and pear progenies is significantly determined by that of the parents. Most of the observations made did not support the theory that low acidity in apple is determined by one recessive gene. The relationship between the pH of leaf juice and fruit juice in apple may offer a possibility for pre-selection.