小西葫芦黄化花叶病毒杭州分离物的鉴定

 小西葫芦黄化花叶病毒(Zucchini yellow mosaic virus,ZYMV)为侵染葫芦科作物的主要病原病毒之一。     

大豆黄化普通花叶病毒的检测及鉴定

随着国际邮寄业务的迅速发展,外来有害生物随邮寄物入侵我国的风险与日剧增。2012年在韩国旅客携带的大豆种子中首次检出南方菜豆花叶病毒属新种大豆黄化普通花叶病毒(Soybean yellow common mosaic virus,SYCMV)后,近日在隔离种植的日本邮寄大豆种子中,通过多种方法再次检出该病毒。本文将详细分析DAS-ELISA,RT-PCR及序列测定分析的过程,以期为种子病毒的检测提供新的思路。     

菜用大豆品种资源对大豆花叶病毒病的抗性评价

对40个供试菜用大豆品种进行了抗2个SMV流行株系的鉴定。结果表明,有4个品种抗SC-3株系,分别是‘苏鲜4号’、‘浙鲜豆5号’、‘奎丰4号’和‘KVS124’;‘浙农8号’和‘苏鲜4号’抗SC-7株系,‘苏鲜4号’兼抗SC-3和SC-7株系。这些品种可作为抗源用于抗病品种选育和与抗性遗传相关的研究。此外,还鉴定筛选出‘通豆6号’、‘青酥2号’、‘青酥4号’、‘青酥5号’和‘青酥6号’等5个品种对SMV的主要流行株系SC-3表现耐病,这些品种可直接用于菜用大豆的生产。研究还显示,来自江苏地区的育成品种抗性相对较好,而来自上海崇明的地方大豆品种资源抗性普遍较差,这可能与该地区流行的SMV株系的类型相关。     

Molecular characterization of a Cucumber mosaic virus isolate associated with mosaic disease of banana in India

Severe mosaic accompanied by leaf and fruit deformation symptoms was observed on banana plants growing in three banana farms of Uttar Pradesh, India. The disease incidence was approximately 18–25% at these locations during the three successive years from 2005 to 2007. The occurrence of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was initially detected by bioassay, electron microscopic observations, Western blot immunoassay and RT-PCR. For molecular identification of virus, the RNA 1a, RNA 2b and RNA 3 genomic fragments were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The sequence analysis of these genomic fragments revealed its highest identities and close relationships with Indian strains of CMV of subgroup IB; therefore, virus associated with the mosaic disease of banana was identified as an isolate of CMV of subgroup IB. In the limited reports existing from India, which provided preliminary serological or only coat protein-based identification of CMV infecting banana but the comprehensive studies were lacking. In the present communication, we present a detailed biological, serological and molecular characterization of CMV-Banana for the first time from India.     

小西葫芦黄花叶病毒山东南瓜分离物的分子特性

 Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) was detected by RT-PCR from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) plant showing yellowing and mosaic symptom from Liaocheng, Shandong Province. The 3'-termial 1 684 bp genomic sequence covered 633 bp of NIb encoding sequence, 840 bp of cp gene and 211 bp of 3'-untranslated region of the isolate ZYMV-Liaocheng was determined. The cp gene of ZYMV-Liaocheng shared identities of 81.4%-98.8% and 89.4%-99.5% at nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively, with other ZYMV sequences available in the GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that ZYMV could be clustered to 6 genotypes. ZYMV-Liaocheng belonged to genotypeⅠ, which contained isolates from Asia, Europe and America. Genotypes Ⅲ and Ⅴ were unique and contained only isolates from East Asia. The isolates from East Asia had the highest variability.     

小麦黄花叶病毒罗田分离物细胞质内含体蛋自基因的序列分析

 利用RT-PCR,获得了小麦黄花叶病毒湖北罗田分离物细胞质内含体(CI)蛋白基因的cDNA克隆。序列分析结果表明,湖北罗田分离物CI基因由1977个核苷酸组成,编码一个由659个氨基酸组成的蛋白质。与已报道的河南潢川、四川雅安、江苏扬州及日本分离物序列比较,不同分离物之间核苷酸序列同源性在95.0%~97.5%之间,相应推导的氨基酸序列同源性在93.2%~97.1%之间。并对CI蛋白的功能进行了讨论。     

小麦黄花叶病毒罗田分离物细胞质内含体蛋自基因的序列分析

利用RT-PCR,获得了小麦黄花叶病毒湖北罗田分离物细胞质内含体(CI)蛋白基因的cDNA克隆。序列分析结果表明,湖北罗田分离物CI基因由1977个核苷酸组成,编码一个由659个氨基酸组成的蛋白质。与已报道的河南潢川、四川雅安、江苏扬州及日本分离物序列比较,不同分离物之间核苷酸序列同源性在95.0％～97.5％之间,相应推导的氨基酸序列同源性在93.2％～97.1％之间。并对CI蛋白的功能进行了讨论。     

大豆花叶病毒引发大豆不同症状的生理特性比较

以接种3个SMV株系后分别表现无症状、花叶和坏死症状的大豆品系浙A8901为材料,研究3类症状叶片的生理指标差异,包括细胞超微结构、H_2O_2积累、水杨酸(SA)含量、光合作用及细胞病毒含量。结果表明:无症状叶片细胞中除叶绿体片层结构轻微扭曲外,其它细胞结构未见异常;CeCl_3标记H_2O_2电镜观察,发现H_2O_2仅在细胞壁外侧少量积累;在接种1d后SA含量较对照显著升高。花叶症状叶片细胞中出现髓鞘状结构和多泡体结构,核膜边缘有染色质凝集现象;细胞壁外侧观察到较多H_2O_2的积累;SA含量在接种后第2 d较对照显著增加。坏死症状叶片中细胞变形严重,细胞器解体,在细胞壁外侧和细胞质中均观察到H_2O_2的大量积累;接种后第2 d SA含量较对照显著增加。三类症状叶片的光合速率、最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)和实际光量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)的测定发现,与对照相比均无显著变化。     

Biological, serological and molecular characterization of a cucumber mosaic virus isolate from India

A. virus causing mosaic and leaf deformation of Physalis minima has been identified as an isolate of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) on the basis of its transmission by aphids in a non-persistent manner, polyhedral particles of 29 nm diameter, molecular weight of coat protein subunits us 24-5 kDa. serological relationship with a CMV isolate and a tripartite single-stranded RNA genome with a subgenomic RNA4- Furthermore. cDNA representing coat protein gene was synthesized and cloned. Complete nucleotide sequences (890 nt) were obtained which showed a coat protein gene open reading frame of 657 residues. THE nucleotide sequences provided the 218 amino ACID sequences of the coat protein. Nucleotide as well as amino acid sequences revealed more than 90% identity with the CMV subgroup I strains.     

Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV): a threat to green gram (Vigna radiata) production in Asia

Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease is one of the most vicious diseases of green gram and has been renowned in India for more than five decades. It is caused by a group of geminiviruses belonging to the genus, begomovirus of the family, Geminiviridae. They are transmitted through whitefly in a persistent manner. The economic losses due to this virus account up to 85% in green gram which is spreading faster towards newer areas. The escalating economic importance of MYMV has resulted in the call for accurate detection and identification procedures that inspire rigorous research efforts focussing on the biology, diversity and epidemiology of the virus, so that viable management strategies could be designed. Breeding for resistance or tolerance appears to be the best approach to control this disease. However, the commercially offered genotypes are only partially resistant. Therefore, the hunt for newer sources of disease resistance needs to be intensified. This review updates all the accessible information on MYMV and outlines the areas in which advance research is indispensable.     

刺茄中分离的中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒及伴随的卫星DNA分子的全基因组结构

 从云南砚山刺茄(Solanum aculeatissimum)上分离到病毒分离物Y322,全序列测定表明,Y322 DNA-A全长2 730个核苷酸,共编码6个ORF。基因组比较发现,Y322 DNA-A与中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒(TYLCCNV)各分离物的同源性最高(88.3%~99.2%),而与其它双生病毒的同源性均在79.6%以下,表明Y322是TYLCCNV的一个分离物。利用DNAβ的特异性引物在Y322中扩增到DNAβ分子(Y322 β),序列分析表明,其全长1 331个核苷酸,与TYLCCNV伴随的DNAβ的同源性最高,达75.1%~93.1%,而与已报道的其它种类的DNAβ的同源性均低于55.4%。这是首次在刺茄中检测到中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒。     

一步法RT-PCR检测小西葫芦黄花叶病毒

本文在两步RT-PCR检测ZYMV的基础上进行了一步法RT-PCR检测小西葫芦黄花叶病毒(ZYMV)的实验,并对商品化一步法RT-PCR试剂盒和本文实验的一步法RT-PCR的效果和成本进行了比较,最终建立了一种比较实用的检测ZYMV的方法.     

Characterization of a begomovirus causing horsegram yellow mosaic disease in India

The virus causing horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) yellow mosaic disease has been shown to be a typical Old World bipartite begomovirus. The viral origin of the disease has been established through agroinoculation of horsegram using partial tandem repeat clones of both DNA-A and DNA-B. The DNA-A genome shows less than 89% identity with the corresponding sequences of all the begomoviruses in the databases earlier to this sequence submission (AJ627904). Therefore Horsegram yellow mosaic virus (HgYMV-[IN:Coi]) can be considered to be a new species of the genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae). Phylogenetic analysis shows that this virus is part of the cluster of mungbean yellow mosaic viruses of legumes from South and South East Asia.     

Molecular characterization of A2 and D strains of Soybean mosaic virus, which caused a recent virus outbreak in soybean cultivar Sachiyutaka in Chugoku and Shikoku regions of Japan

Coat protein sequences of two isolates in strain A₂ and five isolates in strain D of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), which caused a recent mosaic outbreak in soybeans (cv. Sachiyutaka) in Chugoku and Shikoku in Japan, were compared to published data on 15 other Asian-origin isolates. Sequence comparison and cluster analysis showed that SMV isolates of strain A₂ from these districts were closely related, as were those of strain D, but strains A₂ and D were not. Thus, the two strains may have different origins and be carried through seed transmission.     

油菜花叶病毒武汉株系基因组全序列分析

 油菜花叶病毒(Oilseed rape mosaic virus,ORMV)武汉株系(Wh)基因组全序列分析表明,该株系基因组全长6301nt,与烟草花叶病毒属(Tobamovirus)亚组Ⅲ病毒基因组结构相似,含4个开放阅读框架(open reading frame,ORF),ORF2与ORF3有77nt的重叠区。与该属其他病毒对应ORF的核苷酸及编码蛋白氨基酸序列比对,ORMV-Wh与亚组Ⅲ的ORMV、车前草花叶病毒上海株系(Ribgrass mosaic virus,RMV-Sh)、车前草花叶病毒凤仙花株系(RMV-Imp)和烟草花叶病毒十字花科和大蒜株系(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV-Cg)一致性最高,均超过95%。4种蛋白的氨基酸序列系统进化树构建将Tobamovirus亚组Ⅲ株系分为3个群,ORMV-Wh归为ORMV代表的株系群。