辛硫磷慢性暴露对大鼠肝脏氧化应激的影响

本试验旨在研究辛硫磷(Phoxim)对大鼠的毒性作用,探讨辛硫磷中毒的氧化应激机制。将36只SD大鼠分成对照组和2个染毒组,染毒组大鼠分别以30(低剂量组)和300μmol/kg体重剂量(高剂量组)灌服辛硫磷,连续灌服153、0 d后,分别测定血浆和肝脏胆碱酯酶(ChE)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,并观察肝脏组织学变化。结果表明:辛硫磷染毒后大鼠血浆和肝脏ChE活性均极显著降低(P<0.01),尤其是高剂量染毒组,大鼠血浆ChE最大降低至对照组的22%,肝匀浆中ChE活性降低至对照组的75%。大鼠血浆和肝脏SOD、GSH-Px活性变化随染毒时间延长呈下降趋势,血浆和肝脏MDA含量均呈上升趋势。组织学检查显示辛硫磷可造成肝细胞脂肪变性。本研究表明,大鼠辛硫磷持续染毒可以诱导机体脂质过氧化增强,并导致肝脏结构损伤,说明氧化应激在辛硫磷的肝脏毒性中发挥着重要作用。     

长期铝暴露对大鼠肝脏功能的影响

旨在探讨长期铝暴露对大鼠肝脏损伤及其功能的影响,为防制其对动物肝脏器官的危害提供理论依据。48只4周龄雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为4组,分别于饮水中添加0,64.18,128.36,256.72mg/kg体重AlCl3.6H2O溶液建立长期铝暴露大鼠模型,试验期120d。断头处死大鼠,检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性及血清和肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明,随染铝剂量的增加,各染铝组血清ALT、AST活性及肝脏MDA含量显著高于对照组(P<0.01、P<0.05);染铝组肝脏GSH-PX活性显著低于对照组(P<0.01),SOD活性呈先升高后下降趋势,低剂量组高于对照组,高剂量组显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。说明长时间铝暴露可增强肝脏脂质过氧化反应,降低抗氧化能力,引发氧化损伤,进而影响肝脏功能。     

乐果诱导大鼠肝胞凋亡的分析

为研究乐果对大鼠肝细胞凋亡的影响,将24只SD大鼠分成对照组和3个染毒组,分别按体质量以0、1、6和30 mg·kg-1的剂量灌服乐果,连续灌服30 d后,观察肝脏组织学和超微结构变化.同时,通过给大鼠肝细胞培养液中加入乐果(染毒终浓度分别为0、3、10、30、100和300 μmol·L-1),染毒12、24 h后,Annexin V/PI双染法检测肝细胞凋亡率;分别用Fluo-2/AM、双氢-乙酰乙酸二氯荧光黄(DCFH-DA)和罗丹明123检测细胞内Ca2+浓度、活性氧(ROS)和线粒体膜电位(△ψm)变化.结果表明,组织学和超微结构检查显示肝细胞脂肪变性、凋亡等.肝细胞染毒12和24 h后,细胞凋亡率明显升高,除3 μmol·L-1组外,与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05或P<0.01),且呈时间-剂量效应;3μmol·L-1组细胞内Ca2+浓度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),之后随染毒剂量的增加,细胞内Ca2+浓度逐渐下降;细胞内ROS水平在3～100μmol·L-1范围内随染毒剂量的增大和染毒时间的延长而升高,而在300 μmol·L-1组略有下降,除3μmol·L-1组外,与对照组相比均差异极显著(P<0.01);△ψm除24 h高剂量染毒组(300 μmol·L-1)外均出现持续下降,30～300 μmol·L-1组均小于对照组(P<0.01).本研究表明低剂量乐果染毒可诱导肝细胞发生凋亡,细胞内Ca2+、ROS和△ψm可能参与了这一过程.     

氧化应激的产生及其对畜禽肝脏功能的影响与机制

现代畜牧业规模化生产中,养殖环境、饲粮构成、饲养方式等诸多因素变化可诱发畜禽产生氧化应激。氧化应激对畜禽的肝脏功能有负面作用,危害畜禽健康和生产。机体发生氧化应激时,大量的氧自由基在肝细胞内蓄积,通过损伤生物大分子物质、破坏肝细胞结构、影响细胞器功能、诱发肝细胞凋亡等,对肝脏造成严重损伤,并引发多种肝脏疾病。本文从机体氧化应激产生、氧化应激对肝脏功能的影响以及氧化应激影响肝脏功能的可能分子机制等方面进行综述,以期为缓解氧化应激危害提供理论依据。     

十溴联苯醚暴露对肉鸡生长性能、血液生化指标、氧化应激及肝脏损伤的影响

为研究十溴联苯醚（BDE-209）对肉鸡生长性能、血液生化、氧化应激和肝脏损伤的影响,试验随机选取150只1日龄AA雄性肉鸡,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复5只鸡。对照组每天饲喂标准基础日粮,其他四组在基础日粮中分别添加0.004、0.04、0.4和4 g/kg BDE-209。试验期42 d。检测生长性能、器官指数、肝脏组织病理、血常规、血液生化及抗氧化等指标。结果显示：在BDE-209作用下,肉鸡的初始重、末重、平均日增重、日耗料量和料肉比等指标无显著变化。0.4 g/kg组肝脏器官指数显著降低,其他组织器官无显著变化;0.4和4.0 g/kg组肝脏组织中多见炎性细胞浸润、肝细胞水肿和胞质疏松等。与对照组相比,0.4 g/kg处理组白细胞计数（WBC）水平明显降低,4.0 g/kg处理组的血小板计数（PLT）水平也显著性降低;此外,0.4 g/kg和4.0 g/kg组天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、尿素氮（BUN）及血清肌酸酐（CRE）水平显著升高,0.4 g/kg组谷氨酰胺转化酶（GGT）水平较对照组显著上升。血液氧化应激指标显示0.4和4.0 g/kg组总抗氧化能力（T-AOC...     

游泳应激对小鼠血液和肝脏脂质过氧化水平的影响

为探讨游泳应激对小鼠血液和肝脏脂质过氧化水平的影响,试验选取50只昆明小鼠进行游泳试验,于游泳前和游泳10、20、30、50min后分别随机选取10只小鼠眼眶采血致死,采集血液和肝脏,测定样品中MDA含量、SOD和GSH-Px活性。结果表明,游泳应激使小鼠血清MDA含量持续升高并显著高于游泳前对照组(P<0.05);SOD活性先显著下降(P<0.05),之后缓慢升高,游泳50min后仍显著低于对照组(P<0.05);10min游泳应激使小鼠血清GSH-Px活性显著上升(P<0.05),之后缓慢下降,50min后与对照组无显著差异。游泳应激使小鼠肝脏MDA含量显著升高(P<0.05),游泳50min后肝脏SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05),GSH-Px活性在游泳20、30、50min后均显著下降(P<0.05)。结果提示游泳应激能显著影响小鼠血液和肝脏组织脂质过氧化水平。     

氧化应激对精子质量的影响及预防

<正>精子的活力以及遗传物质的完整性直接影响了精子的受精能力和其后胚胎的发育。研究表明,活性氧介导的氧化应激是使精子活力下降的一个主要的     

α-硫辛酸对镉致大鼠肝脏脂质过氧化损伤保护作用试验

探讨α-硫辛酸(α-LA)对镉致肝组织脂质过氧化损伤的保护作用.将25只雄性大鼠随机平分成5组:对照组,单纯染镉组( 1.5 mg CdCl2/kg),低、中、高剂量α-LA干预组饲喂(25、50、100 mg α-LA/kg+ 1.5 mg CdCl2/kg).每天1次,连续染毒7d后.测定血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(AIT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性及肝组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性.结果表明,单纯染镉组的血清ALT、AST及ALP活性极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),各剂量α-LA干预组低于单纯染镉组,以高剂量干预组效果最好(P＜0.01);单纯染镉组肝组织MDA量高于对照组,而SOD、GSH-Px及CAT活性极显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),与单纯染镉组相比,各剂量α-LA干预组MDA量明显降低,而SOD、GSH-Px及CAT活性升高,以高剂量干预组效果最好(P＜0.01),且均呈剂量-效应关系.表明α-LA对镉致大鼠肝脏脂质过氧化损伤具有一定的保护作用.     

急性冷应激对大鼠肝脏miRNA的影响

将SPF级雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成冷应激组(4±0.05)℃和常温对照组(24±0.05)℃,再对2组大鼠肝脏中的6个miRNA进行qRT-PCR分析。结果显示:大鼠肝脏中6个miRNA的表达量均出现极显著差异(P0.01),说明急性冷刺激对大鼠肝脏中的miRNA表达量有极显著(P0.01)的影响,为今后的分子冷应激相关研究提供理论基础。     

灌服番茄红素对SD大鼠运动后血浆氧化应激的影响

试验旨在研究灌服番茄红素对SD大鼠运动后血液抗氧化性能的影响。选取体重为(233.40±6.21) g的健康雄性清洁级SD大鼠32只,随机分为4组,每组8只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,灌胃食用油,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在饲喂基础日粮的基础上灌服10、20、40 mg/kg体重番茄红素,预试期10 d,正试期42 d;每周游泳训练6 d,训练6周,游泳11 h后采集血液测定氧化应激指标。结果表明,灌服番茄红素后SD大鼠血浆中番茄红素的浓度呈先升高后降低的趋势,在灌服番茄红素后4 h时SD大鼠血浆中番茄红素浓度达到峰值;随着灌服番茄红素剂量的增加,SD大鼠运动后血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力、总抗氧化酶活力、总抗氧化能力呈升高的趋势;血浆丙二醛的含量随灌服剂量的增加呈降低的趋势。因此,运动后SD大鼠机体抗氧化能力与灌服番茄红素的剂量存在剂量依赖性,随着番茄红素剂量的增加机体抗氧化能力呈升高趋势。     

Induction of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in rats chronically exposed to cypermethrin through dermal application

Present study was undertaken to study the effect of cypermethrin on oxidative stress after chronic dermal application. The insecticide was applied dermally at 50 mg/kg body weight in different groups of Wistar rats of either sex weighing 150~200 g. Significant (p < 0.05) increase in catalase activity was observed after 30 days of exposure. However, the superoxide dismutase activity declined significantly after 60 days of exposure. The activity of glutathione peroxidase and blood glutathione levels declined significantly (p < 0.05) after 30 days of cypermethrin dermal application. However, the activity of glutathione S-transferase increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all groups after 60 days of dermal exposure. Significant increase in lipid peroxidation was observed from 30 days onwards and reached a peak after 120 days of application.     

Fish oil supplementation improved liver phospholipids fatty acid composition and parameters of oxidative stress in male wistar rats

In the present study, we examined the effects of fish oil supplementation in 3 months old male Wistar rats on changes in plasma and liver lipid metabolism and oxidative stress parameters. Twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups of ten animals: control group and intervention group, treated for 6 weeks with fish oil capsules containing 45 mg eicosapentanoic acid and 30 mg docosahexanoic acid. After intervention, biochemical parameters in plasma [triglycerides (TG), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol, urea, creatinine and uric acid], fatty acid (FAs) profile of liver phospholipids and parameters of oxidative stress in liver [activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and paraoxonase (PON1), concentration of nitrites, lipid peroxidation (LPO), free thiol (SH) groups and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) izoenzymes were determined. Treatment with fish oil improved FAs profile of liver phospholipids, increasing n‐3 FAs and decreasing n‐6/n‐3 ratio. Significant decrease in plasma TG and LDL concentration, and increase in the level of HDL and uric acid were found in intervention group at the end of the study. Catalase activity, LPO, and nitrites concentration in liver were significantly decreased, after the supplementation, together with elevated PON1 activity. Applied treatment significantly improved plasma lipid profile, liver FAs composition and parameters of oxidative stress in male Wistar rats.     

山奈酚对三硝基丙酸诱导氧化应激胎鼠的影响

试验旨在研究山奈酚对三硝基丙酸诱导亲代小鼠氧化应激从而对子代胎鼠氧化应激和抗氧化能力的作用.42只亲代小鼠分为3组:对照组、氧化应激模型组、抗氧化剂组,试验重复3次.测定妊娠20d后的子代胎鼠肝脏、肺脏和心脏3个器官中的总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC...     

芝麻素对氟胁迫下斑马鱼头部抗氧化功能和免疫相关酶活性的影响

为了探讨芝麻素对氟胁迫下斑马鱼头部抗氧化功能和非特异性免疫的影响,采用半静态法,将驯养后的斑马鱼,随机分为对照组(CK)、1 g/kg芝麻素组(S1)、2 g/kg芝麻素组(S2),80 mg/L氟胁迫组(F)、1 g/kg芝麻素组+80 mg/L氟胁迫组(FS1)、2 g/kg芝麻素组+80 mg/L氟胁迫组(FS2),分别在试验进行45、90 d时取斑马鱼头部,并对头部组织中的活性氧(ROS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)进行测定。结果表明,与F组比较,饲粮中添加芝麻素的FS1和FS2组斑马鱼头部ROS、MDA含量明显下降(P<0.05),而SOD活性明显上升(P<0.05),免疫相关酶ACP和AKP活性明显上升(P<0.05)。由此可见,饵料中添加一定剂量的芝麻素后,可以在一定程度上缓解氟胁迫对斑马鱼头部造成的氧化应激和免疫毒性作用。     

铅镉联合暴露对大鼠肾脏的氧化损伤

采用饮水对大鼠进行铅(Pb)300 mg/L、镉(Cd)50 mg/L单独和联合(Pb+Cd)300 mg/L+50 mg/L染毒8周,通过检测肾脏皮质组织抗氧化指标和超微结构的变化来探讨铅镉对大鼠肾脏的毒性损伤及其机理.结果表明,Pb、Cd单独或联合染毒使肾脏皮质组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著或极显著低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),以铅镉联合组降低幅度最大(P<0.01);3个染毒组丙二醛(MDA)含量显著或极显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),联合组升高幅度最大而极显著高于单独染毒组(P<0.01).超微结构发现,铅镉染毒导致线粒体肿胀、膜损伤、嵴断裂或消失,联合组损伤程度重于单独染毒组.表明氧化损伤是Pb、Cd肾脏毒性的机制之一,其联合毒性表现为协同效应.     

Effects of supplementation of chromium histidinate on glucose,lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in cats

In recent years, two meta‐analyses of chromium (Cr) supplementation have shown beneficial effects on glucose metabolism. Chromium histidinate (CrHis) reduces serum glucose levels in rats fed a high‐fat diet but no study has been conducted on cats until now. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of CrHis on glucose and lipid metabolism in cats. To challenge the glucose metabolism, 16 cats were fed a high‐carbohydrate high‐fat diet for three months. One group (n = 8) received 800 ug CrHis per day for two months, while the other group (n = 8) served as control group. An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted, blood samples were taken, and biochemical parameters and oxidative stress were measured. CrHis serum levels were significantly increased (p = 0.027) in the treatment group, while fructosamine levels were significantly lower (p = 0.029) in the control group. In both groups, glucose (p < 0.01), b‐hydroxy‐butyrate (p = 0.024) and 8‐hydroxy‐deoxyguanosine (p = 0.028) levels decreased significantly and cholesterol levels increased significantly (p < 0.01). In conclusion, CrHis did not improve glucose or lipid metabolism and did not affect oxidative stress in healthy cats.     

Effects of Triiodothyronine-induced Hyperthyroidism on Lipid Peroxidation,Erythrocyte Resistance and Iron-binding and Iron-oxidizing Antioxidant Properties of Plasma in the Rabbit

The effect of hyperthyroidism on some oxidative stress parameters is reported. The hyperthyroid state was induced by intraperitoneal injection of triiodothyronine (T₃)(10 μg/kg body weight) for 14 days in two groups of female rabbits (3 and 12 months old). The T₃ injection caused increase by 1.5-fold to 1.7-fold in T₃ serum level, and 2-fold to 3-fold decrease (age-dependent) in body weight gain at the end of experimental period. The induced hyperthyroidism caused a significant increase in the serum concentration of the lipid peroxidation end-product malondialdehyde and lowered erythrocyte resistance to oxidative stress when subjected to the free radical generator 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride in vitro. The half maximum haemolysis time (HT₅₀) decreased in the both experimental groups of rabbits, by about 12 min in the 3-month-old animals and 27 min in the 12-month-old animals. The study showed for the first time that hyperthyroidism enhances the ability of plasma to protect against iron-binding and iron oxidizing organic radicals. The scavenging property and antioxidant capacity of plasma against iron-binding inorganic radicals also increased. Measurement of erythrocyte resistance to oxidative stress and the protective ability of plasma against oxygen radicals discriminates the thyroid hormone modulatory effects in defence mechanisms against lipid peroxidation.