Laws of Trunk Extension and Branching Sprouted from Lateral Buds in Paulownia

Paulownia is a fast-growing tree species adaptable to intercrop with crops in Huang-huai-hai Plain of China. But the problem of large crown and low trunk of Paulownia not only directly affects the quality and the yield of Paulownia timber, but also indirectly affects crops production and ecological environment. In order to resolve this problem, since the 1960s, many scientists have explored the technique of cultivating high trunk of Paulownia by means of artificial trunk extension (Fan Guoq…     

Researches and Afforestation of Paulownia in China

1 INTRODUCTIONPaulownia, indigenous to China, is one of the bestfast-growing tree species in China. It belongs toScrophulariaceae family, which was ever consideredto include more than 20 species and varieties. Butactually, some of them were the same species withdifferent names. In 1959, Professor Hu Xiuying hadall these species and varieties regrouped and classifiedthem into 6 species based on the results of previousstudies. They are Paulownia elongata, P. fortunei,P. tomentosa, P. gl…     

Research Progress in Bioactivity and Synthesis of β-caryophyllene and Its Derivatives

综述了β-石竹烯及其衍生物的活性及合成方法.在活性方面,β-石竹烯作为香料已经被应用于化妆品和食品添加剂中,药理研究表明β-石竹烯具有局麻作用、抗炎作用、驱蚊虫作用、抗焦虑、抗抑郁作用,β-石竹烯醇还应用于镇咳祛痰药物中,石竹烯氧化物具有镇痛和抗炎作用,抗真菌作用,还有细胞毒性等.同时还简单介绍了β-石竹烯及其部分衍生物的合成方法.     

Doubling Technology of Pollen Chromosome of Populus tomentosa and Its Hybrid

利用不同浓度的秋水仙碱和不同处理方式来处理毛白杨及其杂种毛新杨的雄花芽，可以获得一定比率的染色体未减数的大花粉粒．用细胞荧光测定技术测定其ＤＮＡ相对含量，鉴定了这种大花粉粒为２ｎ花粉粒．这种２ｎ花粉粒是具有生活力的，可用于授粉杂交来培育三倍体．在温度较低的条件下，当秋水仙碱浓度为０．１％～０．５％时，注射处理花芽３～６次效果最佳．对高温（３８～４０℃）处理花芽诱导２ｎ花粉粒的方法也进行了试验和分析．     

The cytotoxic activities of cardiac glycosides from Streptocaulon juventas and the structure–activity relationships

A series of cardiac glycosides were isolated and identified from the anti-tumor fraction of the root of Streptocaulon juventas in previous studies. In the present research, the cytotoxic activities of the 43 cardiac glycosides on three cell lines, human lung A549 adenocarcinoma cell, large cell lung cancer NCI-H460 cell and normal human fetal lung fibroblast MRC-5 cell, were evaluated in vitro. Most of the tested compounds showed potent inhibitory activities toward the three cell lines. Then, the structure–activity relationships were discussed in detail. It was indicated that hydroxyl and acetyl groups at C-16 increased the activity, whereas hydroxyl group at C-1 and C-5 can both increase and decrease the activity. Two glucosyl groups which were connected by C1′ → C6′ showed better inhibitory activity against cancer cell lines, while the C1′ → C4′ connection showed stronger inhibitory activity against the normal cell line. Also, this is the first report that the activities of these compounds exhibited different variation trends between A549 and NCI-H460 cell lines, which indicated that these compounds could selectively inhibit the cell growth. The results would lay a foundation for further research on new anti-tumor drug development.     

Temperature Characteristics of Dormancy Development of Terminal and Lateral Buds in Paulownia

Paulownia is fast-growth tree species adapting tointercrop with crops in Huang-huai-hai plain of China.But the problem of large crown and lower trunk ofPaulownia not only directly affects the quality and yieldof paulownia timber, but also indirectly affects cropsproduction and ecological environment. In order toresolve this problem, since the sixty decades of lastcentury, many scientists have explored the techniqueof cultivating high trunk by the method of artificialextension trunk (Paulownia…     

Study on Inheritance and Variation of Wood Fiber Length of Populus tomentosa Clones

本文对４个地点的毛白杨无性系进行了木材纤维长度遗传变异的研究．结果表明木材纤维长度在地点和无性系水平上均有显著的差异．木材纤维长度的无性系重复力估计为０．７９，表明这一材性性状受到较强的遗传控制，可以通过遗传手段得到改良．本文还研究了木材纤维长度在株内的遗传变异．木材纤维长度以及其它性状间的相关分析发现木材纤维长度和树木生长性状（包括材积、树高、胸径和树干通直度）之间均呈显著的正相关关系，但在木材纤维长度和木材基本密度之间存在显著的负相关关系．研究结论认为根据不同地点生长速率与材性的关系，可以进行以生长性状或木材材性性状为主的选择，也可以进行两方面的联合选择．     

Iridoid and phenylpropanoid glycosides from Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. and their α-Glucosidase inhibitory activities

A new phenylpropanoid glycoside, designated Scrophuside (1) and two new iridoid glycosides, respectively named Ningposide I (2) and Ningposide II (3), along with twelve known (4–15) iridoid and phenylpropanoid glycosides were obtained from the roots of Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. by various chromatographic techniques and their structures were established through chemical methods and spectroscopic analyses. Most of the obtained compounds have been screened for α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity, in which compounds 4, 5, 7, 11, 12, 13, and 14 show significant activity.     

Study on the Germination of Paulownia Tomentosa Seeds in Different Provenances and Its Cluster

lntroductionPuult,hwiaIOmentosaisoneofthethstestgrowingtreesandspreadsinmostprovincesofChina,butthesamecharacterindifferentareaisvarious.ThephysiologyandecoIogyofthetreehavebeenstudiedmostIy.However-thepaperonthegerminationstateandthereIationoftheseedsamo…     

Biosorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions on β-cyclodextrin grafting wood flour copolymer: kinetic and equilibrium studies

The preparation, characterization, and environmental application of β-cyclodextrin/citric acid/wood flour (β-CD/CA/WF) graft copolymer wood-based biosorbent for methylene blue (MB) biosorption were investigated in this paper. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the technique of phenolphthalein probe were used to characterize the grafting β-CD. Furthermore, the biosorption behavior of MB on β-CD/CA/WF graft copolymer was studied under various conditions of pH, contact time, and initial MB concentration. The results indicated that the biosorption of MB was dependent on both the initial MB concentration and the initial pH. Langmuir isotherm model fitted the isotherm data better than the Freundlich model. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and intraparticle diffusion was one of the effective rate-controlling steps for the entire biosorption period. Equilibrium and kinetic results have implied that β-CD/CA/WF graft copolymer could be considered as a promising material for the adsorption of dye from aqueous solutions.     

Preparation of polyols from methyl-α-d-glucoside and cyclic esters for design and fabrication of biodegradable polyurethane foams

A ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters -caprolactone (CL) and/or l-lactide (LACD) was carried out in the presence of methyl--d-glucoside (m-Glc) as an activated substrate and tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (SnEht₂) as a catalyst. This led to successful synthesis of an armed polyester polyol with m-Glc as the core. These polyols were characterized through gel permeation chromatography, hydroxyl value assessment, differential scanning calorimetry, and viscosity measurements. It was clarified that the thermal properties and tractability of the synthesized polyols are closely related to the structural characteristics of the side chain polyesters, such as their length and chemical composition. Polyurethane foams were also prepared by mixing an appropriate amount of the polyols with diphenyl methane diisocyanate, a foaming agent (water), and other additives, and their mechanical properties were examined. Two polyurethane foams manufactured from polycaprolactone-polyols that were synthesized at a CL/m-Glc ratio of 2 or 5, were used in a biodegradation test in a closed system of activated sludge suspension. Evidence of their biodegradation is presented based on data showing oxygen consumption by the pulverized samples.     

Relationship between Witches' Broom Protein and Dynamic of Some Amino Acids in Paulownia Tree Leaves

IntroductionWitches'broomisaseriousdiseasetothegrowthanditslifeofPaulowniatreesandisoneofproblemsneededtobesolvedurgentlyinforestry.Tenyearsago,physiologicalandbiochemicalchangesduringtheoc-currenceofwitches'broomwerefoundout(Jiang,l992;Ren,l987).Recentye…     

Study on biological and ecological characteristics of lps subelongatue Motsch

IntroductionIpsSubeiongatusMotschulskydistributesinKorea,Japan.someareasofEurope,andaIlChina.ItisoneofmaJorborerpestsofLarchplantationsinChinaandcausesseriousdamages.Since198os,domes-ticentomoIogistshavemadeagreatmanystudiesonlifehistory,occurringlawsandcontroImethodsofthlspestandalsogainedremarkabIeadvanceinmanagementandcontrolThispestisunlikeIytobefoundbeforerampantoccurrenceduetothecompIi-catednessofoccurringcausesanditshiddenlifeandrepaidreproduction.Rampantoccurrencenotonlybringsab…     

Coreosides A–D,C14-polyacetylene glycosides from the capitula of Coreopsis tinctoria and its anti-inflammatory activity against COX-2

Four new C₁₄-polyacetylene glycosides, namely coreosides A–D (1–4), were isolated from the capitula of Coreopsis tinctoria, a Snow chrysanthemum or Snow tea that is used as a folk tea for prevention of cardiovascular disease in southern Xinjiang, China. Coreosides A–D feature a long chain structure as its aglycon with two acetylenes on C-8 and C-10 and two olefinics on C-6 and C-12 sites, which construct a large conjugate system. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and hydrolysis. Compounds 1–4 exhibited significant inhibition against cyclooxygenase-2 at the concentration of 1 × 10^− 6 mol/L, with its IC₅₀ values of 0.22–8.8 × 10^− 2 μmol/L.     

Comparative study on three dynamic modulus of elasticity and static modulus of elasticity for Lodgepole pine lumber

The dynamic and static modulus of elasticity （MOE） between bluestained and non-bluestained lumber of Lodgepole pine were tested and analyzed by using three methods of Non-destructive testing （NDT）, Portable Ultrasonic Non-destructive Digital Indicating Testing （Pundit）, Metriguard and Fast Fourier Transform （FFT） and the normal bending method. Results showed that the dynamic and static MOE of bluestained wood were higher than those of non-bluestained wood. The significant differences in dynamic MOE and static MOE were found between bulestained and non-bluestained wood, of which, the difference in each of three dynamic MOE （Ep. the ultrasonic wave modulus of elasticity, Ems, the stress wave modulus of elasticity and El, the longitudinal wave modulus of elasticity） between bulestained and non-bluestained wood arrived at the 0.01 significance level, whereas that in the static MOE at the 0.05 significance level. The differences in MOE between bulestained and non-bluestained wood were induced by the variation between sapwood and heartwood and the different densities of bulestained and non-bluestained wood. The correlation between dynamic MOE and static MOE was statistically significant at the 0.01 significance level. Although the dynamic MOE values of Ep, Em, Er were significantly different, there exists a close relationship between them （arriving at the 0.01 correlation level）. Comparative analysis among the three techniques indicated that the accurateness of FFT was higher than that of Pundit and Metriguard. Effect of tree knots on MOE was also investigated. Result showed that the dynamic and static MOE gradually decreased with the increase of knot number, indicating that knot number had significant effect on MOE value.     

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Derivatives of Rhein北大核心CSCD

Based on carboxyl amidation of rhein(1), a series of derivatives of rhein were synthesized by structure modification of C7 of anthraquinone mother nucleus. And the antibacterial activity and structure-activity relationship of the derivatives were preliminary discussed. The derivatives of rhein were respectively rhein piperidine amide(2), 7-hydroxymethyl-rhein piperidine amide(3), 7-bromomethyl-rhein piperidine amide(4), 7-(4-morpholino)methyl-rhein piperidine amide(5a), 7-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl-rhein piperidine amide(5b), 7-(1-methyl-4-piperazinyl)methyl-rhein piperidine amide(5c). The structures of the compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the compounds obtained were tested and the MIC of compounds 5a and 5b against E.coli reached 0.78 and 0.39 mg/L respectively. Their antibacterial activity were stronger than that of rhein(MIC 3.13 mg/L) obviously, even stronger than that of the kanamycin(MIC 1.56 mg/L); and the MIC of compound 5a against S. aureus reached 1.56 mg/L, which was similar to that of rhein. The preliminary analysis of structure effective relationship showed that if none replace heterocyclic groups were introduced into substituent of C7 of the mother nucleus, the antibaterial activity on E.coli would be stronger. © 2018, Editorial Board of «Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products». All right reserved.     

Carbon storage in harvested wood products: implications of different methodological procedures and input data—a case study for Portugal

This study aims to quantify the contribution of the harvested wood products (HWP) to the carbon removals/emissions by the agriculture, forestry and land-use sector (hereafter referred to as HWP contribution) using the tier 1 method proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in the 2006 Guidelines (hereafter referred to as GL tier 1 method) and to compare it with the results obtained with the tier 2 method proposed by the IPCC in the Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (hereafter referred to as GPG tier 2 method). The HWP contribution was calculated for three approaches: stock change, production and atmospheric flow. Another objective was to perform a sensitivity analysis in order to identify the calculation procedures and the input data that have the largest impact on the HWP contribution estimates. An uncertainty analysis was also carried out with Monte Carlo simulation. The case study of Portugal was analysed in this study. The HWP contribution obtained with the GL tier 1 method ranged from 150 to 1,240 Gg C year⁻¹, for the period from 1990 to 2004. These results are similar to those obtained with the GPG tier 2 method, except for the production approach, since the GL tier 1 method underestimated carbon accumulation in solid waste disposal sites (SWDS) under this approach. The most influential calculation procedures and input data were the algorithm used to calculate the change in carbon stocks for the pools that follow a first-order decay, the procedure to estimate the input of carbon to the pool of HWP in SWDS, the procedure to determine the change in carbon stocks of HWP in SWDS for the production approach, the type of carbon stocks considered in SWDS and the conversion factor for wood-based panels.     

Comparison of G6PDH Activity and LT50 Between P.tomentosa and P.suaveolens During Freezing Acclimation

The differences of glucose-6P dehydrogenase(G6PDH) activity and freezing resistance induced by freezing acclima-tion between cuttings of freezing-sensitive P.tomentosa and freezing-resistant P.suaveolens were compared for exploring the role of G6PDH on the enhancement of freezing resistance induced by freezing acclimation.After 5d of freezing acclimation at -3℃ ,the LT50 of P.tomentosa has deereased from -6.2℃ incontrol cuttings to -14.3℃ in freezing acclimated ones,and the increase of LT50 of P.tomentosa has decreased from -6.2℃ in control cutting to -14.3℃ in freezing acclimated ones,and the increase of G6PDH activity was observed in freezing acclimated cuttings as compared with control ones.Whereas,when P.suaveolens was freezing acclimated at -20℃ for 5d,the LT50 has decreased from -27.1℃ in control cuttings to -43.5℃ in freezing acclimated ones,and the activity of G6PDH increased considerably.In addition,the increase of LT50 and the decrease of G6PDH activity resulting from 2d of deacclimation at 25℃ were found in two kinds of freezing acclimated cuttings.It is concluded that the increase in the activity of G6PDH may associate with the inherited freezing resistance of species and the enhancemen of freezing resistance of cuttings,and may play an important role in the antifreeze process under freezing temperature,which would provide the basis for the study on the molecular mechanism of freezing resistance in P.suaveolens and the cloning of gene associated with freezing resistance.