中西医结合治疗牛流行热

牛流行热(又名三日热或暂时热)是由牛流行热病毒引起牛的急性、热性传染病.其流行特点有明显的周期性和季节性.该病来势凶猛、传播快、发病率高、死亡率低,但与其他病混合感染死亡率则会大大提高.     

牛流行热免疫学浅析

牛流行热又称暂时热、三日热、僵硬病或流行性感冒。是由牛流行热病毒(bovine ephemeral fever virus,BEFV)引起的牛的一种急性、热性和高度接触性传染病。该病病原为BEFV,弹状病毒科暂时热病毒属成员。病毒粒子呈子弹形或圆锥状,成熟病     

牛流行热的综合防治措施

牛流行热(又名三日热)是由牛流行热病毒引起的一种急性热性传染病。其特征为突然高热,呼吸促迫,流泪和消化器官的严重卡他炎症及运动障碍。感染该病的大部分病牛经2～3d即恢复正常,故又称三日热或暂时热。该病发病快,传播迅速,但多为良性经过。过去曾将该病误认为是流行性感冒。该病能引起牛大群发病,发病率高,传染性较强,明显降低乳牛的产乳量,直接影响到养牛业的经济效益。本文介绍了牛流行热的病原、临床症状、病理变化及防治措施,以期为牛流行热综合防治提供参考。     

牛流行热的防治

牛流行热(三日热或暂时热)是由牛流行病毒引起的牛急性、热性传染病.以突发高热、呼吸促迫,伴有消化道机能和四肢关节障碍为特征.     

牛流行热

牛流行热又名牛暂时热、牛三日热、牛僵硬病,是由病毒引起的牛和水牛的急性热性传染病。其主要特征是,突然高烧,呼吸急促,消化道机能障碍,全身虚弱、僵硬、跛行。本病从1867年首次报道至今已有一百多年的历史。该病流行于亚洲、非洲和大洋     

牛流行热的诊断与防治

牛流行热(Bovine epizootic fever)是由牛流行热病毒(Bovine epizootic fever virus)引起的一种急性、热性传染病,又称牛暂时热、三日热、牛流行性感冒和僵硬病.该病传播速度快,发病率高,多为良性经过,故致死率不高,但在生产上可使奶牛的产奶量和牛奶品质下降,使怀孕母牛流产,降低各种牛的生产性能,给养牛业造成很大经济损失.     

黄牛流行热流行情况与防治

牛流行热(又名三日热)是由牛流行热病毒引起的一种急性、热性传染病。其特征为突发高热、呼吸和消化器官均发生严重卡他性炎症，且有运动障碍。     

牛流行热的诊治要点

牛流行热(又名三日热)是由牛流行热病毒引起的一种急性热性传染病.本病病势迅猛,但多为良性经过,可引起大群牛发病,明显降低乳牛的产乳量. 1 流行病学     

一例奶牛流行热的诊治

<正>近日江西某奶牛场的奶牛突然暴发以高热、流泪、流涎、鼻漏、呼吸困难和跛行为临床特征的疾病,经诊断为牛流行热。该病又称三日热、暂时热,是由牛流行热病毒引起的牛的一种急性、热性传染病,该病病程较短,预后良好,但     

中西结合治牛流行热

牛流行热又称牛暂时热、三日热、僵硬病或流行性感冒。它是因感染牛流行热病毒而引起的。该病毒为弹状病毒科暂时病毒属的成员，它是奶牛、黄牛和水牛的一种病毒性、急性、热性传染病。本病的特征是病牛体温突然升高(40℃以上)，呼吸迫促，全身虚弱，伴随消化机能和运动机能障碍。     

牛流行热病毒结构糖蛋白（G）基因的克隆及鉴定

牛流行热是由病毒引起的牛和水牛的急性热性传染病。其G蛋白为81kDa的结构糖蛋白,它位于病毒表面并含有中和抗原位点,可使牛产生免疫保护。本研究利用RT-PCR法从牛流热病毒北京血毒JB76H总RNA中,扩增并克隆了其G蛋白基因（1.9Kb）。限制性内切酶酶切分析结果显示,与澳大利亚分离株BB7721差异较大。脱氧核糖核苷酸序列分析表明,该基因与澳大利亚分离株BB7721同源性高达91％。     

牛流行热研究进展

牛流行热,又称为三日热,是由虫媒弹状病毒牛流行热病毒(BEFV)引起的牛和水牛的一种传染病.该病会导致牛发热、四肢僵硬、跛行,通常又会完全恢复.其会引起感染动物的死亡,母牛流产,致使奶牛产奶量下降、公牛体重和生殖能力下降.作者结合国内外对牛流行热病毒的研究,从发病历史、流行病学、病原学、临床症状、致病机理、诊断、防控等方面阐述了牛流行热的研究进展,旨在为该病的深入研究提供参考.     

An outbreak of bovine ephemeral fever in Nagasaki Prefecture in 1988

In October, 1988, bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) occurred in Nagasaki Prefecture and throughout Kyushu island, with the exception Miyazaki Prefecture. The first outbreak occurred in Hirado-shi on October 17. The total number of diseased cattle was 24 in 24 farms in Nagasaki Prefecture. The clinical findings were mainly sudden fever, anorexia, and instability in standing. The serum neutralizing antibodies against BEF virus (BEFV) rose in all infected cattle. Twelve strains of the virus were isolated in HmLu-1 cell cultures made directly from the heparinized blood of 17 infected cattle. The buffy coat was mainly collected from the samples and washed three times with phosphate buffered saline. These isolates were all neutralized by an antiserum against BEFV (Yamaguchi strain). With the aid of an electron microscope, a representative of isolates named Hirado-9 with a length of 150 nm was seen in the sample of infected HmLu-1 cell cultures. Both Hirado-9 and Yamaguchi strains reacted with antisera. The outbreak of BEF in 1988 was the first since 1971 in Nagasaki Prefecture. The result proved that BEFV can be easily isolated in HmLu-1 cell culture from the washed blood cells of infected cattle.     

Circulation of bovine ephemeral fever in the Middle East--strong evidence for transmission by winds and animal transport

Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an economically important arbovirus of cattle. The main routes of its transmission between countries and continents are not completely elucidated. This study aimed to explore BEFV transmission in the Middle-East. A phylogenetic analysis was performed on the gene encoding the G protein of BEFV isolates from Israel from 2000 and 2008 with isolates from Turkey (2008), Egypt (2005), Australia (1968-1998) and East Asia (1966-2004). Calf sera collected during the years 2006-2007 were tested by serum neutralization in order to explore for recent exposure to BEFV before 2008. These were followed by a meteorological analysis, aimed to reveal movement of air parcels into Israel in the two weeks preceding the first case of BEF in Israel in 2008. The 2008 Israeli and Turkish isolates showed 99% identity and formed a new cluster with the 2000 Israeli isolate. The serological survey showed no new exposure to BEFV during 2006 and 2007. These results coincided with the meteorological analysis, which revealed that air parcels originating in Southern Turkey had reached the location of outbreak onset in Israel nine days before the discovery of the index case. The Egyptian isolate clustered phylogenetically with the Taiwanese isolates, coinciding with data on importation of cattle from China to the Middle East in the year preceding the isolation of the Egyptian isolates. These results suggest that both winds and animal transport may have an important role in trans-boundary transmission of BEFV.     

Viruses isolated from Culicoides midges in South Africa during unsuccessful attempts to isolate bovine ephemeral fever virus

Five viruses, unrelated to bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV), were isolated from Culicoides biting-midges collected during the summer months of the years 1968-69 and 1969-70 near a cattle herd in which cases of BEF occurred and at an open horse stable at Onderstepoort. These viruses were investigated by means of serological, electron-microscopical and physicochemical tests. It was established that 2 isolates, Cul. 1/69 and Cul. 2/69, were related to each other and belonged to the Palyam subgroup of the genus Orbivirus, that isolate Cul. 3/69 belonged to the equine encephalosis subgroup of the genus Orbivirus, while Cul. 1/70 was related to Akabane virus, which belongs to the Simbu subgroup of the family Bunyaviridae. One isolate, Cul. 5/69, though prevalent in the cattle population, could not be identified at this point. A brief serological survey indicated that the cattle in the nearby herd possessed antibodies against all the isolates except Cul. 3/69. BEFV could not be isolated in mice or in cultured cells from the wild-caught Culicoides.     

牛结节性皮肤病的诊断及防控

牛结节性皮肤病又称牛结节性皮炎、牛结节疹或牛疙瘩皮肤病。临床上以发热、皮肤出现水肿、消瘦、淋巴结肿大、局部溃疡、可形成坚硬的结节为主要特征,世界动物卫生组织将该病列为法定报告的动物疫病。该病潜伏期长,病毒流行传播快不易发现;发病急,是严重影响养牛业健康发展的疫病之一。加强生物安全的综合防控措施,强化动物检疫工作,可以最大限度地减少疫情的传播。牛结节性皮肤病的发生,早诊断、早处置,对控制疫情的蔓延极为重要。各地畜牧兽医部门应建立内部疫情通报制度,落实疫情报告责任,使疫情地区接壤的相关区域尽快建立免疫隔离区,防止疫病的蔓延和传播。     

Apoptosis induction in BEFV-infected Vero and MDBK cells through Src-dependent JNK activation regulates caspase-3 and mitochondria pathways

Our previous report demonstrated that bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV)-infected cultured cells could induce caspase-dependent apoptosis. This study aims to further elucidate how BEFV activates the caspase cascade in bovine cells. BEFV replicated and induced apoptosis in Vero and Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells, and a kinetic study showed a higher efficiency of replication and a greater apoptosis induction ability of BEFV in Vero cells. Src and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or p38 inhibitor, alleviated BEFV-mediated cytopathic effect and apoptosis. In BEFV-infected Vero and MDBK cells, BEFV directly induced Src tyrosine-418 phosphorylation and JNK phosphorylation and kinase activity, which was inhibited specifically by SU6656 and SP600125, respectively. The caspase cascade and its downstream effectors, Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and DFF45, were also activated simultaneously upon BEFV infection. In addition, cytochrome c, but not Smac/DIABLO, was released gradually from mitochondria after BEFV infection. SU6656 suppressed Src, JNK, and caspase-3 and -9 activation, as well as PARP and DFF45 cleavage; SP600125 reduced JNK and caspase-3 and -9 activation, as well as PARP and DFF45 cleavage. Taken together, these results strongly support the hypothesis that a Src-dependent JNK signaling pathway plays a key role in BEFV-induced apoptosis. The molecular mechanism identified in our study may provide useful information for the treatment of BEFV.     

Studies on the pathogenesis of bovine ephemeral fever in sentinel cattle. I. Virology and serology

Twenty-two sentinel cattle were observed daily during an outbreak of ephemeral fever on a dairy farm in eastern Australia in the summer of 1981–192. Of the 22 cattle, 9 developed clinical ephemeral fever. None developed sub-clinical infection. The pattern of the epidemic was a single index case followed 10 days later by the main epidemic wave which lasted for 7 days. This wave stopped when there were still 14 uninfected susceptible animals remaining in the sentinel group, and when biting flies were very active. Ten isolations of bovine ephemeral fever virus were made in Aedes albopictus tissue cultures from the blood of 5 clinical cases. One hundred and twelve isolations of CSIRO Village virus and one each of Kimberley and Akabane viruses were also made from various members of the sentinel group. There was serological evidence that infections with Tibrogargan, Tinaroo and Aino viruses also occurred in 6 cattle in the observation period. The 13 cattle undergoing a sub-clinical viraemia with CSIRO Village virus, Tibrogargan, Kimberley, Akabane or Aino viruses at the time of the main outbreak, appeared to be temporarily protected against ephemeral fever. However, 9 of the 11 still remaining in the herd were susceptible in a subsequent outbreak of ephemeral fever 2 years later. Evidence is presented that subclinical infections with other arboviruses may limit an ephemeral fever epidemic by providing temporary protection by interference.     

A survey of cattle producers in the Boophilus microplus endemic area of Queensland to determine attitudes to the control of and vaccination against tick fever

SUMMARY: A survey by mail was used to determine the views of beef producers in the Boophilus microplus endemic area of Queensland on the control of and vaccination against tick fever. Data from 448 questionnaires were analysed, representing 2.7% of beef producers in the survey area. Producers considered buffalo fly ( Haematobia irritans exigua ) infestation as the most important problem whereas tick fever ranked sixth overall. Private veterinarians were regarded as the most important source of information on vaccines for cattle followed by a weekly rural newspaper. From the survey we estimate that about 33% of producers used the tick fever vaccine produced by the Tick Fever Research Centre of Queensland Department of Primary Industries but there were significant (P < 0.05) variations between regions and herds. Large herds (≥ 400 head) in south-east Queensland were the most likely to be vaccinated against tick fever. Of the producers who did not use the vaccine, over 70% replied that there was no need to vaccinate because of the low risk of the disease in their herds. In 52% of unvaccinated herds the treatment of animals with acaricide was considered the most important means of tick fever control and 61% of these herds comprised Bos indicus x Bos taurus or Bos indicus cattle.     

Complete genome sequencing and assessment of mutation-associated protein dynamics of the first Indian bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) isolate

BackgroundBovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is a re-emerging disease caused by bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV). Although it poses a huge economic threat to the livestock sector, complete viral genome information from any South Asian country, including India, lacks.AimGenome characterization of the first Indian BEFV isolate and to evaluate its genetic diversity by characterizing genomic mutations and their associated protein dynamics.Materials and MethodsOf the nineteen positive blood samples collected from BEF symptomatic animals during the 2018-19 outbreaks in India, one random sample was used to amplify the entire viral genome by RT-PCR. Utilizing Sanger sequencing and NGS technology, a complete genome was determined. Genome characterization, genetic diversity and phylogenetic analyses were explored by comparing the results with available global isolates. Additionally, unique genomic mutations within the Indian isolate were investigated, followed by in-silico assessment of non-synonymous (NS) mutations impacts on corresponding proteins’ secondary structure, solvent accessibility and dynamics.ResultsThe complete genome of Indian BEFV has 14,903 nucleotides with 33% GC with considerable genetic diversity. Its sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relatedness to the Middle Eastern lineage. Genome-wide scanning elucidated 30 unique mutations, including 10 NS mutations in the P, L and G_NS proteins. The mutational impact evaluation confirmed alterations in protein structure and dynamics, with minimal effect on solvent accessibility. Additionally, alteration in the interatomic interactions was compared against the wild type.ConclusionThese findings extend our understanding of the BEFV epidemiological and pathogenic potential, aiding in developing better therapeutic and preventive interventions.