6种新农药对稻纵卷叶螟的田间防效评价

为明确近年来新型杀虫剂对浙西北山区稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果,2009年在大田以喷雾施药法对6种新型杀虫剂进行了防治单季稻五(3)代稻纵卷叶螟的田间试验。结果表明,施药后5天,5%甲维盐11.25g(a.i/hm~2,下同)、10%阿维·氟虫双酰胺60mL和24%氰氟虫腙216mL对稻纵卷叶螟的防效在95%以上,32%丙溴·氟铃脲288mL、20%氯虫苯甲酰胺30mL和14.1%甲维·毒死蜱211.5mL的防效在73.5%～83.1%。药后12天,丙溴·氟铃脲和氰氟虫腙的防效为74.1%～82.7%,阿维·氟虫双酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺的防效为62.9%～65.6%,甲维盐和甲维·毒死蜱的防效在50%以下。药后31天,除丙溴·氟铃脲和氯虫苯甲酰胺还有37.8%～39.0%防效外,其他药剂无防效。氰氟虫腙、氯虫苯甲酰胺、阿维·氟虫双酰胺的保叶效果最好,药后12天为68.5%～70.3%,显著高于甲维盐、丙溴·氟铃脲和甲维·毒死蜱(54.0%～61.7%)。药后31天甲维盐和甲维·毒死蜱的保叶效果差在27%以下,其他药剂仍有44%～62%保叶效果。可以认为,甲维盐、阿维·氟虫双酰胺和氰氟虫腙防治稻纵卷叶螟速效性好、持效性较差,丙溴·氟铃脲、氯虫苯甲酰胺速效性和持效性较好。     

中国稻草还田技术研究进展

随着中国农业的发展,大量稻草被焚烧或者弃置,这不仅浪费了养分资源还造成环境污染。本文综述了稻草还田的方式方法,稻草还田对土壤性状及水稻产量的影响以及稻草还田对水稻氮素吸收和氮肥利用率的影响,以期待稻草还田技术可以进一步推广应用。     

透皮阿维菌素对稻纵卷叶螟防效高

<正>山东省济南中科绿色生物工程有限公司生产的透皮阿维菌素(18克/升阿维菌素乳油)经中国农业大学室内活性测定和江苏、安徽等9省(市)农科院进行田间药效试验,结果表明,该产品防冶稻纵卷叶螟效果显著。     

茚虫威对稻纵卷叶螟防效好

<正>茚虫威通过接触和摄食进入虫体,能阻断靶标害虫神经细胞中的钠通道,害虫行为迅速变化,协调差,麻痹,迅速终止摄食,最终死亡。该药杀虫速度快,持效期较长,对稻纵卷叶螟、螟虫等有良好防效,目前有多个茚虫威产品登记用于水稻防治稻纵卷叶螟。江苏剑牌农化股份有限公司、江苏克胜集团股份有限公司、无锡市稼宝药业有限公司的30%茚虫威悬浮     

迟熟早稻要重防稻纵卷叶螟

<正>稻纵卷叶螟以幼虫危害稻叶,将稻叶卷成筒状苞,在其中取食稻叶上的表皮和叶肉,造成大量白叶,尤其是在早稻后期,功能叶片被取食后,影响迟熟早稻后期的灌浆实籽,已成为明显降低早稻产量的一个主要因子,因此,必须抓住适期防治。     

23种杀虫剂对稻纵卷叶螟的田间防治效果

为进一步明确现有杀虫剂对水稻稻纵卷叶螟的效果。在大田中,以喷雾施药法对23种杀虫剂进行了防治稻纵卷叶螟的田间试验。结果表明：用药20d后,对稻纵卷叶螟控制效果达90%以上的品种有：氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、阿维菌素和氟虫睛;防治效果达80%~90%有敌敌畏、辛硫磷、毒死蜱、丙溴磷、杀螟硫磷、乙酰甲胺磷、三唑磷、喹硫磷、敌百虫,以及杀虫单、氟铃脲、仲丁威。可以认为,只要施药及时,目前大多数杀虫剂仍能有效控制稻纵卷叶螟的为害。     

不同杀虫剂对水稻稻纵卷叶螟的田间防治效果评价

为延缓稻纵卷叶螟抗药性产生,验证新型药剂方案对稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果,以期为稻纵卷叶螟的科学防治提供参考依据。采用常规喷雾法进行田间药效试验,设置2个不同处理：24%虫螨腈·虱螨脲悬浮剂750 g/hm²和24%虫螨腈·虱螨脲悬浮剂450 g/hm²+150 g/L茚虫威悬浮剂300 g/hm²,对照处理为8%虫螨腈2100 g/hm²和清水对照(CK),测定24%虫螨腈·虱螨脲悬浮剂、150 g/L茚虫威悬浮剂组合用药在不同田间区域和不同品系水稻上稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果。结果表明：各组合药剂处理对稻纵卷叶螟均有较高的防效,其中宁波试验中,24%虫螨腈·虱螨脲悬浮剂750 g/hm²与24%虫螨腈·虱螨脲悬浮剂450 g/hm²+150 g/L茚虫威悬浮剂300 g/hm²对早稻/单季稻制种田稻纵卷叶螟3天后防效均在85%以上,7天后防效均在90%以上,14天后2个处理的保叶率均在90%以上;温州试验中,24%虫螨腈·虱螨脲悬浮剂750 g/hm²与24%虫螨腈·虱螨脲悬浮剂450 g/hm²+150g/L茚虫威悬浮剂300 g/hm²对单季稻防效与宁波试验一致,药后3天防效在85%以上,药后7天防效均在93%以上,14天后2个处理的保叶率同样在90%以上。各处理防效以及保叶率均优于对照处理。2种药剂组合方案对稻纵卷叶螟均有着很好的防治效果,不仅表现出优异的速效性,也表现出了较长的持效期。     

37种杀虫剂混剂对稻纵卷叶螟的田间防治效果

为进一步明确现有杀虫剂对水稻稻纵卷叶螟的效果。2007年,在大田中,以喷雾施药法对37种杀虫剂混配剂进行了防治稻纵卷叶螟的田间试验。结果表明：用药20天后,对稻纵卷叶螟控制效果达90%以上的品种有11种;控制效果达80%～89%有23种;控制效果〈80%的仅3种。可以认为,合理的混配剂,可能是今后控制稻纵卷叶螟为害的最为经济有效品种。     

2个药剂处理对稻纵卷叶螟防效较好且安全

正近年来稻纵卷叶螟在江西省于都县呈趋重发生态势,发生等级为中等偏重。为进一步促进粮食增产、农民增效,保护生态环境,探索防治稻纵卷叶螟的高效低毒农药,江西省于都县植保植检站联合于都县小溪乡、黄麟乡、靖石乡和罗坳镇的农技推广综合站以及江西省万安县农业局农技人员于去年5月27日在于都县梓山镇县潭头植保站试验点早稻田用环虫酰肼5%悬浮剂1800毫升/公顷,以氯虫苯甲酰胺20%悬浮剂150毫升/公顷、阿维菌素     

喷施氯虫苯甲酰胺对稻纵卷叶螟防效较好且安全

<正>为筛选出对稻田养鱼安全、能有效防治稻纵卷叶螟的农药,验证20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂、100亿孢子/mL短稳杆菌悬浮剂、0.3%苦参碱水剂、30%茶皂素水剂对稻纵卷叶螟防治效果,广西三江县植保植检站于2018年6月开展了这4种药剂防治第三代稻纵卷叶螟的田间药效对比试验,以为指导农户科学用药提供参考。结果表明,在第三代稻纵卷叶螟低龄幼虫孵化盛期,喷施20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂150ml/ha、100亿孢子/mL     

不同杀虫剂对稻纵卷叶螟的毒效研究

为了解不同杀虫剂对稻纵卷叶螟的毒力,筛选高毒农药的替代药剂,采用Potter喷雾法,对不同杀虫剂对广西南宁稻纵卷叶螟的毒力进行测定研究。结果表明,该地区稻纵卷叶螟对甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的敏感性最高,其LC50值为3.4595 mg (a.i.)/L;对氟硅菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷、杀虫单、顺式氯氰菊酯、阿维菌素、丙溴磷、三唑磷等杀虫剂敏感性也较高,其LC50值在6.3490~44.8607 mg (a.i.)/L之间。田间试验结果表明,5%氟硅菊酯水乳剂300、450、600 g (a.i.)/hm2对稻纵卷叶螟防效最好,其防效均在80%以上,最高达87.35%;1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油3.6、4.8、7.2 g (a.i.)/hm2和50%杀虫单可湿性粉剂1125、1500、1875 g(a.i.)/hm2,对稻纵卷叶螟也有较好的防效,其防效在66.05%~86.70%之间。     

转Bt基因水稻对水稻螟虫和稻纵卷叶螟的抗性

为明确转cry1Ab／cry1Ac基因汕优63水稻（汕优63／Bt水稻）对靶标害虫一二化螟、三化螟和稻纵卷叶螟的控制效果．通过室内生物测定和田间观察的方法对汕优63／Bt水稻对二化螟的致死性及其对三化螟和稻纵卷叶螟的抗虫效果进行了研究。室内离体植株测定结果表明,汕优63／Bt水稻对二化螟具有很好的抗性,1龄幼虫取食汕优63／Bt水稻48h和72h后的死亡率由31．5％上升到95．6％。3龄幼虫的死亡率由2．7％上升到67．9%。汕优63／Bt水稻对1龄幼虫的致死效应高于3龄幼虫,但没有二化螟能在汕优63／Bt水稻上完成世代发育。在田间。三化螟和稻纵卷叶螟在汕优63／Bt水稻上造成的白穗率和卷叶率分别为0.38％和0．24％。显著低于对照。表现出良好的抗虫性。     

药械、用水量与助剂对氯虫 噻虫嗪防治水稻螟虫的效果影响

科学合理的施药技术对提高药效与减少用药量至关重要。2009年,氯虫·噻虫嗪防治水稻稻纵卷叶螟、二化螟的田间试验结果表明,40%氯虫·噻虫嗪水分散粒剂能有效防控以上2种虫害且持效性好。同一剂量下,药后7 d的防效受喷头与用水量的影响较大,药后14 d喷雾器、用水量显著制约药效,药后21 d各因素对防效影响无规律性。同一药械（喷雾器类型、喷头型号）下,用水量、剂量和助剂对该药剂防治上述水稻螟虫的作用依次递减。     

Detection of quantitative trait locus for leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée)) resistance in rice on linkage group 1 based on damage score and flag leaf width

Rice leaffolder (RLF) (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) is a destructive and widespread insect pest throughout the rice growing regions in Asia. The genetics of resistance to RLF in rice is very complex and not thoroughly explored. The present study was conducted to detect the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with RLF resistance involving 176 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of F₈ generation derived from a cross between IR36, a leaffolder susceptible variety and TNAULFR831311, a moderately resistant indica rice culture. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to construct specific linkage groups of rice. All the RILs were screened to assess their level of resistance to RLF by measuring the leaf area damaged. Besides this, the length and width of the flag leaf of each RIL were measured since these two parameters were considered as correlated traits to the RLF resistance in rice. All the above parameters observed across the RILs showed quantitative variation. Correlation analysis revealed that damage score based on greenhouse screening was positively correlated with length and width of the flag leaf. Out of 364 SSR markers analysed, 90 were polymorphic between the parents. Multi-point analysis carried out on segregating 69 SSR marker loci linkage group wise resulted in construction of linkage map with eleven groups of 42 SSR markers. Through single marker analysis, 19 SSR markers were found to have putative association with the three phenotypic traits studied. Of these markers, RM472 was identified as a locus having major effect on RLF resistance trait based on length of the flag leaf. Interval mapping detected two QTLs on linkage group 1. Among these QTLs, the QTL flanked by RM576–RM3412 were found to be associated with width of the flag leaf and RLF resistance. The putative SSR markers associated with leaffolder resistance identified in the present study may be one of the loci contributing resistance to RLF in rice.     

水肥“三匀”技术对水稻水、氮利用效率的影响

This study included three split-plot designed experiments. Experiments 1 and 2 were conducted in two fields with varied soil fertility and consistent treatment. Two rice varieties (Dexiang 4103, high NUE; Yixiang 3724, low NUE) were set as main plot. The sub-plot contained six nitrogen-water management modes (farmer’s usual management, FU; nitrogen-water coupling management, NWC; methodical nitrogen-water distribution management, MNWD; and their respective nitrogen-free controls). The main plot of Exp.3 was two high NUE varieties (Dexiang 4103, Fyou 498) and two low NUE varieties (Yixiang 3724, Chuanyou 6203); FU, NWC, and MNWD assembled the sub-plot. MNWD adopted the method of increasing frequency and reducing quantity, thus the nitrogen application rate was reduced by 20% compared with NWC and FU, the irrigation water amount was reduced by 20% to 25% compared with NWC, and 42% to 48% compared with FU. The stem number of MNWD changed smoothly and its ear bearing tiller percentage was higher. Compared with NWC and FU, the photo assimilation before anthesis MNWD had less, dry matter transportation before anthesis and high accumulation of assimilate after anthesis. The grain yield of MNWD was similar to that of NWC, while 8.77%-14.18% higher than that of FU. Correlation analysis showed that the dry weight of roots in 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layers were significantly and positively correlated with nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE), nitrogen agronomy efficiency (NAE), irrigation water production efficiency (IWPE) and water production efficiency (WPE). MNWD had a large amount of root system distributed in the soil layer below 10 cm, which was conducive to the improvement of water and nitrogen utilization efficiency. Compared with NWC and FU, MNWD increased NRE by 8.07%-11.99% and 20.72%-30.78%, NAE by 17.44%-27.38% and 96.47%-101.42%, IWPE by 23.34%-36.67% and 76.54%-117.38%, WPE by 8.41%-17.66% and 32.23%-65.29%, respectively.     

不同水氮供应对水稻产量、吸氮量及水氮利用效率的影响

通过两年在宁夏引黄灌区田间小区试验,以宁粳28号为材料,研究了3个不同灌水量与4个施氮水平对水稻产量、吸氮量及水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明,在相同灌水量条件下,两年水稻的籽粒和秸秆产量均随着施氮量的增加呈增加的趋势。不同灌水量对水稻产量影响不大,但施氮量却显著地影响着其产量和地上部吸氮量。灌水量或施氮量对水稻的株高、穗长、穗数和千粒重均无显著影响。05年和06年水稻氮肥利用率分别在5.1%~37.6%和14.1%~25.0%之间。相同施氮水平下,05年水稻氮肥生理利用率随着灌水量的增加而增加,06年水稻表现出相反的趋势。两年水稻的氮肥农学利用率在8.3~19.3 kg/kg之间。氮肥偏生产力在同一灌水水平下,都随着施氮量的增加而降低,在同一施氮水平下,灌水量处理间差异并不大。相同施氮水平下,水稻的灌水生产率随着灌水量的增加而降低。从产量、吸氮量及水氮利用效率等因素考虑,本试验水氮合理配比是灌水量控制在1.2×104 m3/hm2左右,施氮量240 kg N/hm2左右。     

杂草稻的特性及其危害与防治研究进展

杂草稻(Oryzasativaf.spontanea)泛指具有杂草特性的水稻,是稻田中的恶性杂草之一,在生产中可严重危害栻培稻的产量和品质。本文从杂草稻的形态特性、落粒性、休眠性、耐逆性等斱面概述其生物学特征。简要阐述了杂草稻起源于栻培稻的去驯化过程,分布范围涵盖世界稻作生产区,在我国杂草稻的发生分布不均,以江苏中南部以及广东的湛江等地最为严重。迚一步分析了由于杂草稻导致对稻米产量、稻米品质以及稻田生态环境造成的影响和危害,幵提出了杂草稻的综合防控与治理措施,包括预防控制、合理耕作、科学使用化学除草剂等斱式,以便有效地控制杂草稻的发生与传播。     

Development of control strategy for a series parallel hybrid electric bus based engine efficiency optimization

To improve efficiency of engines,according to the characters of a novel series parallel hybrid electric bus(SPHEB) to define the operation area of ice,a kind of power balancing control strategy is adopted and the battery power is used as a variable to optimize the efficiency of fuel converter,and the PI control is implemented to control the SOC balance. To validate the proposed strategy’s effectiveness and reasonableness,a forward model is built based on simulink and the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can successfully improve the efficiency of fuel economy up to 6.74% compared with that of equivalent fuel minimum control strategy,while the battery SOC is also limited in the desired range.