福建黄兔及其饲养管理要点

1福建黄兔简介 福建兔是福建省地方优良肉兔品种,福建黄兔即黄毛系的福建兔.福建黄兔经福建省农科院畜牧兽医研究所养兔课题组科技人员多年的提纯复壮,其主要生产性能及特性现已达到<福建省畜禽品种志>记载的水平,遗传性能稳定.它具有耐粗饲、抗病力强、泌乳力高、肉质好等优点,备受消费者和养殖户青睐.     

提高福建黄兔幼兔成活率的措施

福建黄兔是地方优良肉兔品种,因其全身披黄色短毛而得名.该兔具有耐粗饲、抗病力强、泌乳力高、肉质好等优点,备受消费者和养殖户青睐.但是,福建黄兔幼兔(断奶到3月龄的小兔)的消化器官仍处于发育阶段,其消化机能尚不完善、肠道黏膜自身保护机能尚不健全,因而抗病力差,易受多种疫病的侵袭,导致其成活率低.笔者自2007年以来开展福建黄兔科研与实践,通过对福建黄兔幼兔阶段的科学饲养管理,提高福建黄兔幼兔成活率,福建黄兔幼兔的成活率从70％左右提高到90％,达到增加产量,提高经济效益的目的.现对提高福建黄兔幼兔成活率的技术措施加以阐述,供参考.     

提高福建黄兔幼仔成活率的技术措施

福建黄兔是福建省地方优良肉兔品种,因它全身披黄色短毛故名。该兔具有耐粗饲、抗病力强、泌乳力强、肉质好等优点,备受消费者和养殖户青睐。但是在福建黄兔幼兔阶段,由于其消化器官仍处于发育阶段、消化机能尚不完善、肠道黏膜自身保护机能尚不健全,因而抗病力差,易受多种疫病的侵袭,导致成活率低。笔者自2007年开始进行福建黄兔科研生产实践工作,通过对福建黄兔幼兔阶段的科学饲养管理,大大提高了福建黄兔幼兔的成活率,幼兔的成活率从70％左右提高到90％。现就仔兔饲养、幼兔营养需要、幼兔疫病预防以及提高幼兔成活率提出几点技术措施。     

福建地方兔与新西兰白兔生长及屠宰性能比较

福建黄兔与黑毛福建兔(在龙岩市上杭县俗称通贤乌兔)都是福建省地方优良兔种,具有适应性广、抗病力强、繁殖率高、胴体品质好和药用功能强等优点,素有"药膳兔"之称,市场畅销,近年来在福建省的饲养量逐年上升.新西兰白兔是世界著名的中型肉兔品种,具有生长发育快、产肉性能好、饲料报酬高等特点.     

三个品种肉兔人工感染兔巴氏杆菌的抗病性比较研究

分别用2个和4个最小致死剂量的巴氏杆菌强毒人工感染福建黄兔、新西兰兔和比利时兔,以比较这三个肉兔品种对巴氏杆菌急性感染是否存在一定抗病性差异。结果:福建黄兔、比利时兔和新西兰白兔高、低剂量组的发病率均为100%,除新西兰白兔低剂量组死亡率略低(90%)外,其余各组死亡率均为100%。从各组死亡时间来看,低剂量组的福建黄兔、比利时兔和新西兰白兔攻毒后2天内死亡率分别为80%、100%和90%;高剂量组的比利时兔24h内全部死亡,而福建黄兔和新西兰白兔24h内死亡率分别为80%(8/10)和70%(7/10)。本试验结果表明:福建黄兔、新西兰白兔和比利时兔在对抗巴氏杆菌强毒人工感染急性发病时,其抗病力没有差异。     

福建黄兔保种及创新利用的探索与实践

福建黄兔为福建兔的黄毛系，是福建省古老的地方优良品种，具有适应性广、抗病力强、繁殖率高、胴体品质好和药用功能等优点，素有“药膳兔”之称，深受消费者喜欢。近几年来，该兔市场热销，在福建省的饲养量逐年上升，发展较快。但是，社会上出现不少养殖户为追求眼前利益，用其他大型黄兔冒充或无计划地进行杂交，对福建黄兔的发展形成冲击。为此，笔者开展了肉兔地方品种资源的保护、提高和创新开发利用研究，旨在满足人们对优质兔肉的需求，以实现优质高效养兔业的健康持续发展。     

我国家兔遗传资源现状、保持与利用

<正>畜禽遗传资源是生物多样性的重要组成部分,是维护国家生态安全、农业安全的重要战略资源,是促进畜牧业转型升级、提升竞争力的重要物质基础。1我国家兔遗传资源现状1.1地方家兔品种地方家兔品种有福建黄兔(国家级畜禽遗传资源保护名录收入品种、国家级福建黄兔保种场——福建省连江玉     

浅谈提高福建黄兔幼兔成活率的技术措施

<正>福建黄兔是地方优良肉兔品种,因它全身披黄色短毛而得名。该兔具有耐粗饲、抗病力强、泌乳力高、肉质好等优点,备受消费者和养殖户青睐。但是,福建黄兔幼兔(断奶到3月龄的小兔)的消化器官仍处于发育阶段、消化机能尚不完善,肠道黏膜自身保护机能尚不健全,因而抗病力差,易受多种疫病的侵袭,导致成活     

福建黄兔实验动物化研究及应用前景

本文简要阐述了福建黄兔的生物学特性和研究现状,对福建黄兔实验动物化研究及应用的方向提出了一些设想,利用其独特的地方资源优势,为将来福建黄兔在生物医学领域的开发应用提供一些理论参考.     

黑白花兔与福建黄兔生长发育及肉质特性的比较研究

随机选择36只黑白花兔和32只福建黄兔作为试验动物,对2个家兔种群早期生长发育、饲料转化率、屠宰性能和肉质特性进行比较研究。结果表明:黑白花兔不同日龄体重均低于福建黄兔;黑白花兔在生长后期(62~90日龄)饲料转化率极显著低于福建黄兔(P0.01);黑白花兔90日龄屠宰全净膛率与福建黄兔差异不显著(P0.05),其半净膛率比福建黄兔多1.57百分点,差异极显著(P0.01);背最长肌pH值、剪切力、滴水损失和后大腿肌熟肉率黑白花兔与福建黄兔差异均不显著(P0.05),说明黑白花兔也具有较好的肌肉品质,但生长速度相对较慢。     

A consideration of veld condition assessment techniques for commercial livestock production in South Africa

Abstract

A number of procedures have been developed for the evaluation of veld condition in a variety of vegetation types in South Africa. These include both agronomic and ecologically based methods, about which there still remain a great deal of controversy. However, the urgent need for methods which can be applied in practice has recently prompted the recommendation of specific methods for the vegetation types representative of the major livestock producing areas of South Africa.     

Phase I Clinical Trial and Pharmacokinetics of Intravesical Mitomycin C in Dogs with Localized Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder

Background: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common cancer of the urinary tract in dogs. The most frequent cause of death is urinary obstruction from the primary tumor. Standard medical therapy for TCC is only partially effective. Hypothesis/Objectives: Intravesical administration of mitomycin C (MMC) in dogs with invasive TCC will result in antitumor activity against the primary tumor and minimal systemic drug absorption. Animals: Thirteen privately owned dogs with naturally occurring, histopathologically diagnosed TCC of the urinary bladder. Methods: A prospective phase I trial was performed. MMC was given intravesically (600 μg/mL initial concentration) for 1 h/d for 2 consecutive days each month. The MMC concentration was escalated to a maximum of 800 μg/mL in groups of 3 dogs until the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was determined. Serum assays for MMC were performed to determine the extent of systemic absorption of the MMC. Results: The MTD of MMC based on local toxicoses was 700 μg/mL (1‐h dwell time, 2 consecutive days). In addition, 2 dogs had severe myelosuppression and appeared to have systemic absorption of MMC. Five dogs had partial remission, and 7 dogs had stable disease. Conclusions: Intravesical MMC has antitumor activity in dogs with invasive TCC. Further study is needed to determine the cause of the myelosuppression associated with MMC administration, and to develop strategies to minimize this risk.     

草地群落中不同植物种在物种多样性中作用大小的探究

本研究选取位于陕西省神木市境内的8个草地样地,采用“二值出现次数”野外调查法,得到样方中各植物种的出现次数数据,以此计算群落整体的物种多样性指数值,以及组成群落的各植物种不存在时的物种多样性指数值,利用这两个多样性指数值的差值,探明各植物种在群落整体物种多样性中的作用。研究结果如下：(1)8个草地样地中,对物种多样性作用最大的植物种并非该群落的第1优势种,而是优势地位处于第2～7位的植物种;(2)3个样地中第1位优势种占据了绝对优势,它们降低了群落整体的多样性;(3)物种在多样性中的作用大小整体上呈现单峰型变化趋势,即随着物种优势地位的降低,对数式增加达到最大值,然后指数或线性下降,最终趋近于0。综合显示,不同的草地群落中,在物种多样性中作用最大的不是第1优势种,占绝对优势地位的优势种降低了该群落的物种多样性。     

Estimating sample size for a small‐quadrat method of botanical survey for application in mixed Bushveld

Abstract

Species density and grass density were measured using a small‐quadrat method in eight plant communities in the Nylsvley Nature Reserve, South Africa. The presence of new species in each additional quadrat was used to calculate sample size. A sample size of 20 quadrats of 0.25 m² per site was found to be sufficient to measure species richness and density, and grass density in most plant communities in Mixed Bushveld. A sample size of approximately 30 quadrats was found to be necessary to survey plant communities with a relatively high species richness.     

A comparison of some range condition assessment techniques used in southern African grasslands

Techniques currently used to assess range condition in the grassland biome of southern Africa are reviewed. The methods were used to calculate range condition indices from fire‐climax and climatic‐climax grassland data. These indices were then used to evaluate each method in terms of sensitivity (i.e. the detection of spatio‐temporal differences in index), index interpretation and efficiency, bearing in mind the objectives of each technique. The Weighted Key Species Method and Degradation Gradient Method were found to currently provide the best indices for assessing range condition. Shortcomings of the techniques are recognized and suggestions are made for the application of these methods in different vegetation types.     

马蹄金野生种与栽培种在自然降温过程中的抗寒性研究

在自然降温过程中,马蹄金Dichondra repens的野生种与栽培种叶片内的可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸的含量、相对电导率发生明显变化.其中,脯氨酸先降低后升高;可溶性糖先上升后下降;相对电导率逐渐升高.在观测的温度范围内,野生马蹄金叶内的游离脯氨酸含量高于栽培种;可溶性糖含量上升幅度远大于栽培种;相对电导率的上升幅度低于栽培种.结果表明:马蹄金的野生种比栽培种耐寒.     

优良豆科牧草--东方山羊豆的研究与利用

开发新豆科牧草资源不仅是改善饲草料品质，提高草地畜牧业生产力的基础，还可为我国实施退耕还林还草，恢复生态环境建设的战略部署提供草本植物物种。东方山羊豆是自1980年后，在前苏联、北欧等国家得到重视的一种新兴豆科牧草，它具有产量高，植株蛋白质含量高，生态适应性强，草地持续稳定性好的特点。本文综述了国内外对该草种的产量及饲用价值评定，回顾了影响山羊豆草地建植和生长的因素，提出了在我国西北地区开展东方山羊豆研究和利用推广的潜力和前景。     

春季草坪害虫群落种类丰富度与多样性研究

研究是 2 0 0 0年 4 6月在董志塬进行的。研究结果证明 :草坪害虫群落种类丰富度和多样性指数分别为 2 0 .514和 4 .0 2 2 ,而当地冬麦麦田的对应指标分别是 11.357和 1.0 2 7。进一步分析了产生这种差异的原因     

Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo hanedae) in Japan

Wild birds are recognized as disseminators of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria into the environment. Here, we isolated AMR indicator bacteria from 198 Great Cormorant cloacal swabs collected in Shiga (n=90), Oita (n=52), Gifu (n=29), and Gunma (n=27) Prefectures, Japan, in 2018 and 2019. In total, 198 Aeromonas spp. and 194 Escherichia spp. were isolated, and their antimicrobial susceptibility was examined. Aeromonas spp. were resistant to colistin (8.6%), nalidixic acid (4%), and other antimicrobials (<2%), with 3.0% positivity for mcr-3. Escherichia spp. showed resistance to colistin (3.1%), ampicillin (2.6%), tetracycline (2.1%), and other antimicrobials (<2%). This study shows the presence of AMR bacteria in Great Cormorants, indicating that these birds potentially disseminate AMR bacteria.     

理化检验在动物种属鉴定中的应用概况

阐述了理化检验确定动物种属的原理、分析的方法及其在实践中的应用概况,并对理化检验用于动物种属鉴定的优缺点进行了评价。提出了理化检验用于动物种属鉴定还需要大量的试验工作,鉴定方法的方便与快捷、鉴定成本的低廉、多学科的交叉以及与计算机技术的联合是动物物种鉴定的发展方向。