几种药剂浸泡处理原木段杀虫实验

用敌敌畏、辛硫磷、氯氰菊酯、敌敌畏＋辛硫磷、敌敌畏＋氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷＋氯氰菊酯6种药剂或混合剂对星天牛幼虫进行药效筛选试验,结果表明,80%敌敌畏乳油＋40%辛硫磷乳油混合剂的杀虫效果比其它5种效果显著.进一步用10-5浓度的80%敌敌畏乳油＋40%辛硫磷乳油混合剂浸泡原木杀灭星天牛幼虫的试验结果显示,浸泡原木11天和17天的杀虫效果均达到100%.     

星天牛幼虫饲料配方及低温对老熟幼虫发育影响的初步研究

本文设计了饲养星天牛幼虫(Anoplophora chinensis(Forster))的3种饲料,采用幼虫的存活率、羽化率及成虫体重作为标准筛选了一种较为理想的配方。对老熟幼虫采用了低温处理促使羽化,结果表明5℃处理30d的羽化率最高。     

三种天牛幼虫主要营养成分分析

[目的]探寻星天牛,粗鞘双条杉天牛,麻天牛幼虫的主要营养成分,评价其营养价值水平,为其食用开发提供理论基础.[方法]运用国家标准检测方法测定星天牛、粗鞘双条杉天牛和麻天牛幼虫的水分、蛋白质、脂肪、总糖的含量.[结果]星天牛、粗鞘双条杉天牛和麻天牛含水率分别为61.60％、60.90％和55.57％;蛋白质含量分别为干质...     

从马来西亚原木上截获的榕八星白条天牛幼虫

1991年4月下旬,笔者到蛇口局了解进口木材情况,在现场从马来西亚原木上采到数头天牛幼虫。幼虫体形硕大,其坑道位于树皮下,坑道中充满大量木屑和虫粪。另外,蛇口所赠送了他们1990年5月和1991年1月从马来西亚原木上采到的2批天牛幼虫标本。经鉴定,这些天牛幼虫都是榕八星白条天牛 Batocena rubus(Linnaeus)。这说明马来西亚原木频繁携带该种天牛。该天牛寄主范围异常广泛,其中许多是经济价值重要的种类,且该虫     

几种防治棉铃虫药剂室内杀卵和低龄幼虫试验

几种防治棉铃虫药剂室内杀卵和低龄幼虫试验仙桃市植保站（４３３０００）胡梅枝，李坤文，吴静红，刘平知，刘小美作为多年来防治棉铃虫杀卵的主要药剂杀虫眯被禁用后，为了有效地控制棉铃虫危害，筛选理想的替代药剂，我们于１９９５年６月２４日至２７日，对拉维因、万...     

从进口西非原木上截获的五种天牛幼虫

本文记述了进口西非（加蓬）原木检疫截获的５种天牛幼虫,对重要种的形态特征、生物学特性进行了详细叙述,并编制了检索表     

室内饲养天牛幼虫的一种方法

在口岸检疫中 ,经常检出天牛幼虫 ,由于幼虫的鉴定难度大且资料匮乏 ,笔者通过 2 0 0 1～2 0 0 2两年对天牛幼虫人工饲养的摸索 ,找到了一种简便易养的方法。1 将采集到幼虫的木材的树皮按规格 (2 5cm× 1 2cm)做成 5块 ,其中 3块合并一起 ,用细铁丝分别从两端缠紧 ,形成一体 ,用 5分木钻从中间部 ,分别钻 3～ 5个均匀分布的通洞 ,钻好洞的树皮下部托上另外 2块树皮 ,两端再用铁丝分别捆紧 (5块树皮弯曲方向一致 )。2 将采集的幼虫按每洞放 1头 ,用锯末 (要求锯末比较湿润而且是采虫木材上新鲜的为最好 )把幼虫以外的空余部分填满 ,使幼虫…     

光肩星天牛刻槽中一种细菌及其对天牛幼虫的致病性

在分离光肩星天牛刻槽微生物时筛选出一种红色杆状细菌,经常规方法鉴定为粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens).室内试验显示该菌对天牛低龄幼虫有致死作用.用5个浓度梯度(7.8×1010～2.0×107)接种低龄幼虫,结果显示,最高浓度剂量下幼虫死亡率可达80.6%,最低剂量下也有16.1%的死亡率.毒力回归方程为Y=0.6116x～0.6441,LD50=1.69×109个/ml.在野外试验中,将菌液喷于木段表面并将天牛成虫置于罩网木段上,使其产卵于木段,结果显示有皮下幼虫感染该菌致死,但防治效果仅有5.3%.     

不同药剂对甜菜夜蛾幼虫毒力和田间应用效果研究

利用浸渍法分别测定虫螨腈等不同药剂对甜菜夜蛾3龄及5龄幼虫的毒力，结果表明：不同药剂对甜菜夜蛾幼虫的毒力存在明显差异，一些特异杀虫剂对甜菜夜蛾幼虫的毒力普遍高于试验用常规化学杀虫剂的毒力；同一药剂对不同龄期幼虫毒力的差异程度也不同，如虫螨腈、氟啶脲、氟铃脲、甲胺基阿维菌素、阿维菌素、虫酰肼等药剂对甜菜夜蛾3龄及5龄幼虫毒力的差异程度明显低于顺式氯氰菊酯、丙溴磷、灭多威等化学药剂。同时，作者还对12种药剂分别稀释1000倍对甜菜夜蛾5龄幼虫不同时间的毒力进行了观察，除常规化学农药出现中毒现象较快外，虫螨腈、甲胺基阿维菌素也表现较快中毒症状，田间药效试验进一步验证防治甜菜夜蛾宜选用虫螨腈、氟啶脲、氟铃脲、甲胺基阿维菌素、阿维菌素、虫酰肼等药剂。     

盆栽植物上星天牛成虫药剂控制方法研究

本研究通过观察星天牛成虫取食喷施不同稀释倍数药剂的盆栽植物后死亡情况,筛选能在48h内100%杀灭星天牛成虫的药剂及稀释倍数。结果表明:8%绿色威雷水剂500倍液、18%杀虫双水剂400倍液和40%氧乐果乳油800倍液能在48h内100%杀灭星天牛成虫,其中8%绿色威雷水剂500倍液能在24h内100%杀灭星天牛成虫,速效性和持效性均较好,是防治星天牛较理想的药剂。该结果可供指导出口寄主植物上的星天牛防治工作,以破解欧盟设置的与星天牛相关的技术壁垒,促进我国星天牛寄主植物的顺利出口。     

星天牛研究进展

星天牛(Anoplophora chinensis)是近年被列为国际检疫对象的林木蛀干害虫。国际上天牛分类学家已将原先主要在日本发生的白斑星天牛(Anoplophora malasiaca)与星天牛归为同一种。本文对星天牛的地理分布、寄主植物、生物学习性、行为习性和化学生态学的研究进展作了概述,并对我国开展的无公害控制技术研究作了回顾与展望。     

南海口岸进境林木种苗线虫检疫情况分析

本文汇总了2008～2010年南海口岸进境林木种苗的线虫截获情况,共截获15科26属超过40种植物寄生线虫,其中检疫性线虫有7种,分别为短体线虫(非中国种)Pratylenchus Filipjev(non-Chinese species)、毛刺线虫属(传毒种类)Trichodorus Cobb(The species transmit viruses)、根结线虫(非中国种)Meloidogyne Goeldi(non-Chinese species)等;根据携带线虫状况分析了检疫性线虫的截获情况,提出了防止危险性线虫入境、扩散措施,为口岸防止线虫入境提供借鉴。     

感染星天牛幼虫高致病力金龟子绿僵菌菌株的筛选

室内测定了6株金龟子绿僵菌菌株的菌落生长速率、产孢量及其对星天牛幼虫的致病力。结果表明：不同菌株生长速率和产孢量存在显著差异,在PPDA培养基上,菌株MaYTTR04和MaZPTR01的菌落生长较快,培养15 d后,菌落直径分别为6.3 cm和5.9 cm;产孢量以菌株MaYTTR04最大,MaZPTR01其次,分别为2.0×10^8孢子·cm^-2和1.1×10^8孢子·cm^-2,显著高于其他菌株。生物测定结果表明,不同绿僵菌菌株对星天牛幼虫的致病力差异显著,接种20 d后,星天牛幼虫累积死亡率在40%～96.7%之间;菌株MaZPTR01和MaYTTR04对星天牛幼虫致死率分别达到96.7%和93.3%;僵虫率也高,分别达到86.7%和80%;致死中时（LT50）短,分别为5.71 d和5.80 d。研究结果表明,菌株MaZPTR01和MaYTTR04对星天牛幼虫致病力较强,同时具备良好的生产性能,故可作为优良菌株用于星天牛的防治。     

荔枝农药残留的初步调查

本文对广东省一些荔枝园进行抽样调查,结果初步显示按常规方式生产的荔枝有三氯杀螨醇、氯氰菊酯以及甲胺磷农药残留,而经权威认证机构认证的有机荔枝园生产的有机荔枝未检测出农药残留。有机荔枝的出现解决了食品安全问题,是未来荔枝市场发展的必然趋势。     

黄斑星天牛硫酰氟检疫熏蒸技术研究

黄斑星天牛 (Anoplophoranobilis)硫酰氟熏蒸的毒力试验结果说明 ,当熏蒸时间为2 4h ,4.4℃、1 0 .0℃、1 5.5℃和 2 1 .1℃条件下推算出死亡机率值 9要求的CT值分别为70 0 4.2 0、3 2 96.97、974.63和 52 7.0 4g .h/m3;当熏蒸时间为 48h ,4.4℃和 2 1 .1℃分别为 2 82 8.2 2和 50 5.45g .h/m3。室内验证试验中 ,1 5.5℃和 2 1 .1℃投药剂量为 1 0 4g/m3,能够全部杀灭杨树携带的黄斑星天牛幼虫、蛹 ,以及芳香木蠹蛾东方亚种 (Cossuscossusorientalis)和杨干透翅蛾 (Spheciasiningensis)幼虫 ;而在 1 0℃以下 ,黄斑星天牛或芳香木蠹蛾东方亚种和杨干透翅蛾幼虫没有完全死亡。     

Considering degradation kinetics of pesticides in plant uptake models: proof of concept for potato

BACKGROUND

Degradation kinetics of pesticides in plants are crucial for modeling mechanism-based pesticide residual concentrations. However, due to complex open-field conditions that involve multiple pesticide plant uptake and elimination processes, it is difficult to directly measure degradation kinetics of pesticides in plants. To address this limitation, we proposed a modeling approach for estimating degradation rate constants of pesticides in plants, using potato as a model crop. An operational tool was developed to backward-estimate degradation rate constants, and three pesticides were selected to perform example simulations.

RESULTS

The simulation results of thiamethoxam indicated that the growth dynamics of the potato had a significant impact on the degradation kinetic estimates when the pesticide was applied during the early growth stage, as the size of the potato determined the uptake and elimination kinetics via diffusion. Using mepiquat, we demonstrated that geographical variations in weather conditions and soil properties led to significant differences in the dissipation kinetics in both potato plants and soil, which propagated the variability of the degradation rate constant. Simulation results of chlorpyrifos differed between two reported field studies, which is due to the effect of the vertical distribution of the residue concentration in the soil, which is not considered in the majority of recent studies.

CONCLUSIONS

Our proposed approach is adaptable to plant growth dynamics, preharvest intervals, and multiple pesticide application events. In future research, it is expected that the proposed method will enable region-specific inputs to improve the estimation of the degradation kinetics of pesticides in plants. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

Studies on regulation of plant physiology by pesticides

Some agrochemicals have unique activities on plant, which modes of actions differ from those of herbicides and plant growth regulators. Because these induce useful and important phenotypic characteristics by activating physiological mechanisms in plant cell, understanding the underlying mechanism of their activities should be crucial for plant physiology and agriculture. As examples of such agrochemicals, studies on agrochemicals that activate the plant immune systems or root elongation, are described. Plant activators, inducers of systemic acquired resistance, were divided into two types, acting on upstream and downstream of salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis, respectively. They have been useful research tools to clarify the regulation mechanism of SA-mediated disease resistance and to investigate another type of disease resistance mechanism mediated by brassinosteroids. By analyzing the roles of phytohormones in the isoprothiolane-induced root elongation indicated a positive effect of jasmonic acid and ethylene on primary root elongation. These types of research, categorized to one of chemical biology, would provide novel insight into plant physiology, which also contribute to control of crops.     

水浸处理原木杀虫效果的研究

对水浸处理原木杀灭木材中的松褐天牛、横坑切梢小蠹、材小蠹及病害松材线虫的效果进行了研究。结果表明天牛成虫、蛹及小蠹虫较易死亡，而天牛幼虫和松材线虫抗逆性强，需长时间浸泡。结论认为水浸处理原木需1年时间或在高温季节处理3个月才能达到检疫杀虫的目的。