利用药物印迹法筛选化学杂交剂苯哒嗪靶标蛋白基因

为了筛选化学杂交剂苯哒嗪的靶标蛋白基因,以SQ-1(15%苯哒嗪乳油)处理的小麦品种西农1376为材料,以噬菌体λTripl Ex2为载体,利用SMART技术构建小麦单核期花药c DNA表达文库;以生物素为报告基团,合成苯哒嗪小分子探针,并利用该探针在c DNA表达文库中进行苯哒嗪靶标蛋白基因筛选。结果成功构建了一种新型有效的药物印迹筛选方法,获得了一条能够与苯哒嗪结合的蛋白基因c DNA序列,其编码蛋白属于DUF3456家族。研究结果为进一步明确SQ-1(有效成分苯哒嗪)的作用机理提供了依据。     

昆虫病原线虫发育相关基因的差异表达

以共生细菌致病杆菌上清过滤液诱导小卷蛾斯氏线虫A24的感染期线虫恢复发育,并利用RNA连接酶介导的RACE技术构建了其全长cDNA文库。通过PCR扩增、反向Northern杂交筛选差异表达的基因,获得48个差异表达的克隆。对差异表达基因进行测序和生物信息学分析,获得34个有效序列,这些序列按照蛋白质功能包括多个核糖体大小亚基蛋白、延伸因子、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、细胞周期蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶、ATP依赖性Clp蛋白酶、酯酶、热休克蛋白、协同转运蛋白、脂蛋白、载体蛋白合成酶、Ngg1相互作用因子等。通过诱导感染期昆虫病原线虫恢复发育,并构建其cDNA文库,筛选出一批与感染期线虫发育相关的候选基因。     

核盘菌一分支酸变位酶同源效应蛋白的亚细胞定位

前期研究表明核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum产生的一种分支酸变位酶同源效应蛋白能够提高其致病能力。为了进一步研究该效应蛋白在核盘菌致病过程中的作用机制,我们通过构建GFP融合蛋白对其分泌行为和亚细胞定位开展了研究。首先通过PCR技术扩增了该基因的启动区+信号肽(SP)+叶绿体定位肽(CTP)的DNA序列,构建GFP融合载体,然后借助REMI技术转化核盘菌原生质体,筛选GFP能够表达的转化子,最后接种转化子菌丝于烟草叶片,激光共聚焦检测GFP荧光信号,发现GFP荧光与叶绿体自体荧光共定位,表明该效应蛋白可分泌进入寄主叶绿体内发挥作用。     

李属坏死环斑病毒怀柔分离物CP基因的克隆、原核表达及其抗血清制备

本研究通过RT-PCR技术获得了包含李属坏死环斑病毒怀柔分离物CP蛋白基因的DNA片段,构建了针对pET29a载体的两种表达质粒;〖JP2〗转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),并经IPTG诱导表达了带不同融合肽段的PNRSV1（25 ku）〖JP〗和PNRSV2（29 ku）融合蛋白。经过Ni NTA亲和柱与SDS PAGE分离纯化,获得大量表达融合蛋白,并免疫家兔制备了融合表达蛋白的特异性抗体。间接ELISA测定其效价分别为8×103和3.2×104。     

蛋白激发子基因peaT1植物表达载体的构建及其转化棉花的研究*

［目的］ 构建蛋白激发子基因 peaT1的植物表达载体并转化棉花品种‘CCRI24’。［方法］ 设计含有 PstⅠ和XhoⅠ酶切位点的引物,以质粒pET28a-peaT1为模板扩增得到 peaT1序列,将其通过中间载体pG4AS-cup克隆到植物表达载体pCAMBIA2300上,通过农杆菌介导法转化棉花品种‘CCRI24’,诱导并筛选抗性愈伤和胚性愈伤,通过PCR、southern杂交和RT-PCR检测筛选的棉株。［结果］ 构建了含有增强子和多联终止子的植物表达载体pCAMBIA2300-peaT1,获得了大量的胚状体和4棵再生苗并嫁接成活,验证了蛋白激发子基因 peaT1已经整合到再生苗2和4基因组当中。［结论］ 本研究为进一步开展蛋白激发子基因 peaT1转化棉花的研究提供了基础材料。     

球孢白僵菌对小菜蛾的侵染相关基因分析

本文研究球孢白僵菌对小菜蛾的侵染相关基因,为提高球孢白僵菌的致病力提供基因靶点,从而提高球孢白僵菌对小菜蛾的防治效果。通过室内生物测定,筛选出球孢白僵菌对小菜蛾的高毒力菌株;采用新一代Solexa高通量测序技术对纯培养的球孢白僵菌和球孢白僵菌侵染小菜蛾48 h的虫菌混合样品分别进行转录组测序,筛选差异表达基因;结合生物信息学方法分析差异表达基因涉及的基因功能及细胞通路等;应用荧光定量PCR技术验证20个基因的差异表达。转录组测序结果显示,纯培养的球孢白僵菌与侵染小菜蛾幼虫48 h的球孢白僵菌转录组对比分析共得到8383个差异表达基因,其中显著差异表达基因716个,上调基因350个,下调基因366个。本研究筛选获得的差异表达基因,特别是上调表达的基因可能与球孢白僵菌对小菜蛾的侵染有关。GO二级分类表明,DEGs被注释到26个GO term中,包括11个生物学过程,8个细胞组分和7个分子功能;Pathway分析表明共有12个Pathway,93个上调基因和61个下调基因参与了这些途径。深入分析发现,胞外丝氨酸富集蛋白、细胞壁蛋白、胞外双加氧酶、铁转运蛋白、细胞壁半乳糖抗原蛋白等在侵染过程中与毒力相关的基因均具有显著性差异表达。研究结果为阐明球孢白僵菌对小菜蛾的侵染机制提供了基础。     

适用于镰刀菌基因敲除和荧光融合蛋白表达的高效通用载体的构建

本文通过使用USER酶克隆技术,构建一系列用于镰刀菌基因敲除和荧光融合蛋白表达,并且操作简单快速的通用载体。在hph基因两侧引入USER酶特异位点,构建了基因敲除载体pKH-KO,可以一步在hph的两侧同时插入上下游同源重组片段;在gfp基因5′端引入USER位点构建了荧光融合蛋白表达载体pKHGFPE和pKNGFPE。此方法构建的载体在插入目的片段时均不用考虑酶切位点,极大地方便了试验设计,并且步骤简单,操作简便,节约大量时间。在大规模进行基因敲除以及相关蛋白定位等基因功能研究上具有广阔的应用前景。     

基于酵母双杂交系统筛选灰飞虱体内与大麦黄条点花叶病毒核衣壳蛋白互作的蛋白质

 为了获取影响大麦黄条点花叶病毒(BYSMV)在灰飞虱体内增殖、积累和传播的相关介体因子,本研究利用分离泛素酵母双杂交膜系统,以BYSMV核衣壳蛋白(N)为诱饵对灰飞虱cDNA文库进行了筛选。 将BYSMV N基因构建到诱饵载体pDHB1上进行表达检测和功能验证,结果表明重组载体pDHB1-N能在酵母内正常表达并行使功能。利用诱饵载体筛选pPR3-N空文库对文库筛选条件进行优化,确定3-氨基-1,2,4-三唑(3-AT)浓度为12 mmol·L^-1的QDO平板为筛选文库培养基条件,去除可能存在的轻微筛库背景。在此筛选条件下以诱饵载体从灰飞虱cDNA文库中筛选得到57个阳性克隆,序列比对结果表明这些阳性克隆编码17种候选蛋白,包括表皮蛋白、泛素B、核糖体膜相关蛋白、细胞色素b5以及海藻糖转运蛋白等。 经酵母双杂交共转验证和β-半乳糖苷酶检测进一步确认了这17个候选蛋白与BYSMV N发生互作。本研究成功从灰飞虱分离泛素酵母双杂交膜系统cDNA文库筛选到与BYSMV N互作的蛋白质,为进一步探索弹状病毒与介体昆虫的分子互作机制奠定了基础。     

小麦矮缩病毒外壳蛋白基因的原核表达、抗体制备及应用

 小麦矮缩病毒(Wheat dwarf virus,WDV)引起的小麦矮缩病是近年来我国小麦生产中的一种重要病毒病害,急需研发快速精准的检测技术用于预测预报和病毒-介体相互作用的研究。本研究应用Gateway重组技术构建了外壳蛋白基因(Coat protein, CP)的原核表达载体,将重组表达载体转化大肠杆菌Rosetta,经IPTG诱导获得CP基因原核表达蛋白。以重组蛋白为抗原免疫新西兰大白兔制备得到了相应的抗体,Western blot检测表明制备的抗体能与CP重组蛋白、感病小麦和带毒叶蝉特异性结合,说明获得的抗体特异性高。用获得的抗体进行免疫荧光标记,观察到病毒分布在介体叶蝉的前中肠和中中肠部位,为WDV的预测预报和介体条沙叶蝉传毒机制的研究奠定了基础。     

植物抗真菌病害基因工程研究进展

在寄主与病原互作的研究中,通过分子生物学与生物技术成功分离和克隆了大量植物防御相关基因,这些基因的表达产物——蛋白、肽或抗菌素直接对病菌有毒害作用或在侵入位点抑制病菌的生长;直接抑制病菌的毒性产物或增强植物结构抗性基因,直接或间接活化植物整体防御反应;增强过敏性坏死反应中与无毒基因互作的抗性基因。将这些基因引入植物,转基因植物显示出对病原真菌明显的抑制作用,在提高植物抗性方面具有广阔的发展前景。     

Synthetic antigen from a Peptide library can be an effective positive control in immunoassays for the detection and identification of two geminiviruses

ABSTRACT Phage-displayed peptides were selected from the Cys 1 random phage display peptide library that bound strongly to the monoclonal antibody (MAb) SCR 20. The binding peptides were fused to the N-terminus of the phage protein pVIII. Preparations of the phage were shown to be effective as controls for the functionality of the SCR 20 MAb in both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and dot blot immunoassays. UV irradiation that eliminated phage infectivity did not greatly alter the antigenicity. Peptides displayed on phage are quick and cheap to prepare, and preparations can be standardized to ensure comparability among different assays. The peptide library approach can be readily extended for use with other MAbs to obtain inexpensive and safe standardized positive control reagents for use in immunoassays to diagnose plant disease.     

Selection of single-chain variable fragment antibodies to black currant reversion associated virus from a synthetic phage display library

ABSTRACT Single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies that bind to black currant reversion associated virus (BRAV) were obtained from a synthetic phage display antibody gene library without recourse to animal immunizations. Several different BRAV-specific phage scFv were obtained quickly, after only three rounds of selection against immobilized virus antigen. The phage scFv gave enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) absorbance values that were greater than seven times the control healthy plant extracts. In contrast, comparative tests using a rabbit antiserum failed, because unacceptably high background values were obtained with healthy plant extracts. Two of the scFv were subcloned into the pDAP2 vector for the rapid and efficient production of scFv-alkaline phosphatase fusion proteins. Functional fusion proteins were obtained after expression in Escherichia coli, and preparations from periplasmic extracts detected BRAV in ELISA. The results demonstrate that antibody fragments obtained from a synthetic phage display library are useful research tools, and they proved to be a viable practical alternative when traditional antisera failed to detect BRAV, a weak immunogen. Furthermore, the genetic fusion of antibody fragments to alkaline phosphatase obviates the need for further chemical coupling procedures, and the fusion proteins can be obtained cheaply.     

运用噬菌体随机肽库筛选与DON毒素特异结合的亲和肽段

为获得与毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)高亲和力的特异性多肽,利用丁基硼酸封闭法制备DON人工抗原DON-HG-BSA,以其为靶分子筛选噬菌体肽库,对阳性克隆进行DNA序列测定与氨基酸推导,并进行亲和特异性验证。结果显示,经过4轮亲和肽段筛选与酶联免疫检测法鉴定,从M13噬菌体随机7肽库中得到15个DON人工抗原包被孔与牛血清白蛋白包被孔OD比值大于3.8的阳性克隆,其中10个与DON人工抗原高亲和力结合的阳性克隆经测序后共推导出4种多肽序列。经抗原梯度酶联免疫检测法验证,多肽MAPGWVP与DON人工抗原浓度的相关性高达0.99,对人工抗原具有高亲和力。该多肽的获得将为进一步开发高效的DON诊断试剂盒奠定基础。     

繁殖青枯菌噬菌体无毒菌株的筛选及应用

利用噬菌体防治植物细菌性病害，关键技术是噬菌体的扩大繁殖，利用宿主菌繁殖，应用时存在一定的风险。本研究通过继代培养筛选致病性丧失的青枯菌菌株作为青枯菌噬菌体扩繁的宿主，结果表明，通过对野生青枯菌株RSsw326连续超过20代的培养，获得了一株菌落圆形、游动性弱的变异菌株；再通过刺叶、注射和伤根等方法接种烟苗，30 d后无萎蔫症状出现，将该菌株命名为RSsw326-2；测试表明，该菌株对青枯病菌没有拮抗作用，可被从福建不同烟区分离纯化的8株噬菌体裂解。利用菌株RSsw326-2作为宿主，进行青枯菌噬菌体的扩大繁殖，培养36 h，效价可达10¹⁰ PFU/mL。将无毒菌株RSsw326-2+噬菌体的共培养液刺叶、伤根和不伤根接种烟苗，35 d后均无症状出现，而将毒性菌株RSsw326+噬菌体的共培养液刺叶接种后14 d、伤根接种后28 d发病率都为100%，不伤根接种烟苗35 d，发病率为66.7%。无毒菌株RSsw326-2+噬菌体的共培养液对盆栽烟苗防病试验结果表明，发病时间推迟8 d，并且在接种后21 d时对烟草青枯病的防效达74.1%，显著高于对照组。本研究采用继代培养筛选获得的无毒菌株作为噬菌体扩大繁殖的宿主，为今后研制噬菌体制剂的生产提供了参考。     

噬菌体用于柞蚕空胴病生物防治的研究

应用柞蚕链球菌噬菌体对作蚕空胴病进行生物防冶的结果证明:用噬菌体卵面消毒具有明显的效果,而用钠一噬菌体其效果更为明显,对蚕卵的孵化率无明显影响。大面积生产鉴定证明:蚕茧的产量可增产4倍。方法简便、安全、有效,易于推广。     

Generation and evaluation of movement protein‐specific single‐chain antibodies for delaying symptoms of Tomato spotted wilt virus infection in tobacco

This study investigated whether single‐chain antibodies (scFvs) specific for a viral movement protein could accumulate in the plant cell cytosol and restrict viral systemic infection in plants. Nine chicken scFv fragments against the Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) movement protein (NS_M) were isolated by phage display. Soluble scFvs were produced in bacteria and the NS_M binding activity of purified scFvs was confirmed. The nine scFv genes were cloned into a plant expression vector enabling recombinant protein accumulation in the plant cell cytosol. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that two of the nine chicken scFvs accumulated to high levels (5·9 and 8·0% of total soluble protein). Bioassays of viral infection using transgenic tobacco plants producing NS_M‐specific chicken scFvs showed delayed symptom development when compared to non‐transgenic control plants, indicating that expression of antibodies recognizing the TSWV movement protein is a potential strategy for generating resistant plants.     

Selection of Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus Specific Single-chain Fv Antibodies from a Semi-synthetic Combinatorial Antibody Library

Methods for the generation of monoclonal antibodies against plant viruses are limited because current hybridoma techniques do not allow efficient exploitation of the immune repertoire. Moreover, the immunization procedures often lead to a bias towards an immunodominant contaminant in the immunogen preparation and not to the plant virus itself. The selection of six different single-chain antibody variable fragments (scFv) against beet necrotic yellow vein virus from a semi-synthetic human combinatorial antibody library showed the feasibility of the phage display system. No bias towards minor contaminants in the purified virus preparation was observed in ELISA, as all the selected scFvs reacted only with beet necrotic yellow vein virus infected plant homogenates. In addition, two of the isolated beet necrotic yellow vein virus-specific scFvs could be produced in E. coli as a scFv fusion protein with alkaline phosphatase, and were applied in ELISA as specific ready to use antibody-enzyme conjugates. Because of their specificity, these antibodies have potential to be used as reagents in sensitive diagnostic assays for routine testing for beet necrotic yellow vein virus in sugar beets.     

Single-chain variable fragments antibody specific to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Corynespora cassiicola</Emphasis> toxin,cassiicolin, reduces necrotic lesion formation in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hevea brasiliensis</Emphasis>

Corynespora leaf disease poses a serious threat to rubber cultivation because infected leaves develop necrotic lesions and abscise, leaving the tree unproductive. The destructiveness of Corynespora cassiicola has been largely attributed to cassiicolin, a protein toxin secreted by the fungus. Recombinant antibody technology offers hope to curtail the disease whereby single-chain variable fragments (scFv) specific to cassiicolin could bind and deactivate the toxin in genetically modified rubber trees that harbour the antibody gene. A scFv phage library was constructed from heavy and light variable chains of IgG from cassiicolin immunized Balb/C mice spleen. Biopanning of the phage library yielded a scFv clone with high specificity to cassiicolin. The nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence information of the scFv were obtained. Hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged scFv expressed in Escherichia coli is discerned as a band at ca. 30 kDa on SDS-PAGE, and the corresponding band was detected by anti-HA IgG on a Western immunoblot. Deactivation of cassiicolin by the affinity-purified scFv was demonstrated in a detached-leaf bio-assay on selected susceptible Hevea clones (PB 260, RRIM 2020, RRIM 901 and RRIM 929). The assay was also performed on clones that are relatively more resistant to the fungus (RRIM 600 and GT-1), and the results were as expected. Thus, we have successfully demonstrated that the cassicolin-specific scFv can effectively reduce cassicolin toxicity.     

Application of Phage Display in Selecting Tomato spotted wilt virus-Specific Single-Chain Antibodies (scFvs) for Sensitive Diagnosis in ELISA

ABSTRACT A panel of recombinant single-chain antibodies (scFvs) against structural proteins of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was retrieved from a human combinatorial scFv antibody library using the novel phage display technique. After subcloning the encoding DNA sequences in the expression vector pSKAP/S, which allowed the scFvs to be expressed as alkaline phosphatase fusion proteins, 17 different scFv antibodies were obtained. Of these, 12 scFvs were directed against the nucleoprotein (N) and 5, putatively, against the glycoproteins (G1 and G2). Five of the N-specific antibodies cross-reacted with two other tospoviruses (Tomato chlorotic spot virus and Groundnut ringspot virus), but none recognized the more distantly related tospoviruses Impatiens necrotic spot virus, Watermelon silverleaf mottle virus, Iris yellow spot virus, or Physalis severe mottle virus. The successful use of one of the antibodies as coating and detection reagent in a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed the potential of the phage display system in obtaining antibodies for routine TSWV diagnosis.