OIE向多哥提供100万剂量的H5N1禽流感疫苗

2007年7月4日，巴黎：多哥首次确诊发生禽流感疫情后，为保护成年家禽免遭H5N1型禽流感病毒感染．OIE向其提供了100万剂量的禽流感疫苗。[第一段]     

哈萨克斯坦确认该国境内禽流感为致命H5N1型病毒

据路透社报道,哈萨克斯坦农业部官员8月10日表示,该国境内爆发的禽流感疫情已经被证实是对人类非常危险的H5N1病毒所致.     

简析禽流感肆虐亚洲的原因

1997年到2005年8月,H5N1型禽流感病毒给亚洲造成了巨大的损失,1.5亿只家禽被宰杀。那么是什么原因导致这种现象的产生,我们认为有以下几方面:1家禽饲养方式的缺陷专家认为,饲养方式与禽流感的发生和控制关系密切。几千年以来,家禽就是亚洲农民最好的伙伴。但农民们普遍将家禽与     

各国对H5N1高致病性禽流感所采取的对策

当一个国家决定采用疫苗免疫的方法来防控H5N1高致病性禽流感的时候，就意味着绝大多数的国家会对该国出口的家禽制品设限。因此，欧洲和亚洲的国家在决定是否使用疫苗之前．都不得不先认真考虑这一政策会对其出口贸易产生的影响。     

美国华人女科学家破解H5N1禽流感病毒死穴

据香港《太阳报》报道，随着近年来禽流感在世界各地的小时出现，令世人闻其色变，找到H5N1禽流感病毒的“死穴”已成为科学家们的愿望。由华人女科学家领导的一个小组，就找到了H5N1病毒的弱点，那就是促使它长形的蛋白尾巴发生突变，来阻止病毒感染其它细胞。这个办法推而广之，或可有效遏制其它流感的传播。     

香港的H5N1禽流感问题

如果发生最坏的情况．导致了人类的流感流行,那么全世界的家禽业就将处于致命的危险之中。     

武冈市H5N1型禽流感的诊断与流行病学调查

2004年1月24日，湖南省武冈市家畜疫病防检站接到该市某孵化兼养鸭专业户张某报告，称其所饲养的4300只鸭，从1月20日起陆续死亡，已达1300只。为了解病鸭发病、死亡原因，进行合理的疫情处理与科学防治，笔者进行了临床诊断、病理剖检、实验室检验和流行病学调查。     

邵阳市双清区H5N1禽流感处置工作总结与分析

2020年1月27日,邵阳市双清区渡头桥镇鸡笼村11组发生H5N1禽流感疫情后,我们严格按照《高致病性禽流感防治技术规范》、《重大动物疫情应急条例》、《邵阳市重大动物疫情应急预案》等要求,快速反应,沉着应对,做好疫情的各项处置工作,目前疫情稳定控制。     

日本将H5N1型禽流感列为法定传染病

据“中央社”报道，日本政府今天在内阁会议通过政令，把具有强烈毒性的H5N1禽流感列为法定传染病，将可强制感染入院接受治疗，同时也将H5N1禽流感指定为检疫传染病，疑似感染该症从海外进入日本，必须接受健康检查。这两项政令将于6月2日公布，12日开始实施。     

湖南省一起H5N1高致病性禽流感疫情的初步调查及应急处置

2020年1月,湖南省发生一起鸡H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感疫情。疫情发生后,当地政府及时开展了区划、封锁、扑杀、消毒和紧急免疫等处置工作。同时,为掌握疫情发生情况,分析疫情发生原因,通过现场调查、实验室检测等方式,邵阳市动物疾病预防控制中心联合相关部门对该起疫情进行了流行病学调查。由于采取的应急处置措施及时得当,疫情得到有效控制,未发生扩散。调查分析认为:养殖户将未售完的100多羽鸡从家禽交易市场运回养殖场饲养,可能是导致疫情暴发的主要原因;也不排除因该场生物安全条件较差,通过其他途径传入的可能。建议进一步加强家禽市场管理,做好防疫物资储备;加强宣传培训,提高基层人员的技术水平,增强养殖户的生物安全意识,有效防范疫情发生。     

Turnover of Village Chickens Undermines Vaccine Coverage to Control HPAI H5N1

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 remains an enzootic disease of village chickens in Indonesia, posing ongoing risk at the animal–human interface. Previous modelling showed that the fast natural turnover of chicken populations might undermine herd immunity after vaccination, although actual details of how this effect applies to Indonesia's village chicken population have not been determined. We explored the turnover effect in Indonesia's scavenging and mixed populations of village chickens using an extended Leslie matrix model parameterized with data collected from village chicken flocks in Java region, Indonesia. Population dynamics were simulated for 208 weeks; the turnover effect was simulated for 16 weeks after vaccination in two ‘best case’ scenarios, where the whole population (scenario 1), or birds aged over 14 days (scenario 2), were vaccinated. We found that the scavenging and mixed populations have different productive traits. When steady‐state dynamics are reached, both populations are dominated by females (54.5%), and ‘growers’ and ‘chicks’ represent the most abundant age stages with 39% and 38% in the scavenging, and 60% and 25% in the mixed population, respectively. Simulations showed that the population turnover might reduce the herd immunity below the critical threshold that prevents the re‐emergence of HPAI H5N1 4–8 weeks (scavenging) and 6–9 weeks (mixed population) after vaccination in scenario 1, and 2–6 weeks (scavenging) and 4–7 weeks (mixed population) after vaccination in scenario 2. In conclusion, we found that Indonesia's village chicken population does not have a unique underlying population dynamic and therefore, different turnover effects on herd immunity may be expected after vaccination; nonetheless, our simulations carried out in best case scenarios highlight the limitations of current vaccine technologies to control HPAI H5N1. This suggests that the improvements and complementary strategies are necessary and must be explored.     

Epidemiology of H5N1 avian influenza

High pathogenic (HP) H5N1 avian influenza (AI) infection has been reported in domestic poultry, wildlife, and human populations since 1996. Risk of infection is associated with direct contact with infected birds. The mode of H5N1 spread from Asia to Europe, Africa and the Far East is unclear; risk factors such as legal and illegal domestic poultry and exotic bird trade, and migratory bird movements have been documented. Measures used to control disease such as culling, stamping out, cleaning and disinfection, and vaccination have not been successful in eradicating H5N1 in Asia, but have been effective in Europe.     

科学认识H_5N_1亚型高致病性禽流感

AIV按其毒力和致病性可分为高致病性禽流感病毒(HPAIV)和低致病性禽流感病毒(LPAIV).所谓的高致病性是指高感染性和高病原性,高感染性体现在病毒经一定途径侵入机体后能在机体各组织器官内快速有效的复制和在不同个体间进行快速有效地传播,并能在极短的时间内(一般为48 h)导致全群鸡发病死亡:高病原性是指少数的病毒粒子进入到机体后可引起全身感染,导致多系统、器官功能衰竭,最终导致死亡.     

Characterization of an H5N1 avian influenza virus from Taiwan

In 2003, an avian influenza (AI) virus of H5N1 subtype (A/Duck/China/E319-2/03; Dk/CHN/E319-2/03) was isolated from a smuggled duck in Kinmen Island of Taiwan. Phylogenetic analysis and pairwise comparison of nucleotide and amino acid sequences revealed that the virus displayed high similarity to the H5N1 viruses circulating in Asia during 2004 and 2005. The hemagglutinin (HA) protein of the virus contained multiple basic amino acid residues (-RERRRKR-) adjacent to the cleavage site between the HA1 and HA2 domains, showing the highly pathogenic (HP) characteristics. The HP phenotype was confirmed by experimental infection of chickens, which led up to 100% mortality within 24-72h postinfection. The virus replicated equally well in the majority of organs of the infected chickens with titers ranging from 10(7.5) to 10(4.7) 50% embryo lethal dose (ELD50) per gram of tissue. In a mouse model the virus exhibits low pathogenic characteristics with a lethal infection observed only after applying high inoculating dose (>or=10(7.6) ELD50) of the virus. The infectious virus particles were recovered only from the pulmonary system including trachea and lungs. Our study suggests that ducks infected with H5N1 AIV of HPAI pathotype showing no disease signs can carry the virus silently and that bird smuggling represent a serious risk for H5N1 HPAI transmission.     

中国猪源HSN1和H9N2亚型流感病毒的分离鉴定

猪是禽流感病毒"禽-猪-人"传播链中重要的中间宿主,了解猪流感的疫情动态将为动物流感及人流感的疾病预测及防制提供重要依据.1999～2001年间进行的血清学和病毒学监测发现我国猪群存在大范围的H1和H3亚型猪流感感染(李海燕等,2002).2002～2003年,我们进一步对来自全国14个省市的1936份血清进行了H9亚型猪流感的检测,同时在广东、福建等省进行了H5亚型猪流感的检测.2002年辽宁、广东、山东及重庆猪血清中出现H9亚型流感抗体,阳性率分别为7.3%、6.8%、5.1%和1.6%.2003年采集的猪血清H9亚型流感抗体均为阴性,同时发现广东、福建两省2003年出现H5亚型流感阳性猪群,阳性率分别为4.7%和8.2%.从2001～2003年收集和送检的样品中分离鉴定了6株H9N2亚型和2株H5N1亚型猪流感病毒,部分序列分析发现H9和H5亚型猪流感病毒均与我国分离的禽流感病毒高度同源.本研究进一步确证了我国猪群中存在H9N2亚型流感病毒,并且首次发现我国猪群已出现H5N1亚型流感病毒,为人类流感及动物流感的防制敲响了警钟.对这两个亚型流感病毒所具有的公共卫生和兽医公共卫生危害性应予以高度重视.     

全球高致病性禽流感风险评估

H5N1高致病性禽流感暴发的风险管理需要对不同的风险因素进行综合评估,这些因素影响不同地理区域传染病的传播和持续时间。禽流感灾害风险评估的关键是制定风险路径,然后用它来发展一种定性或定量的风险评估模型。本文建立在风险分析模型框架基础之上,利用FAO、WHO以及OIE等国际组织和有关国家政府可公开获得的数据和信息,利用ArcGIS对H5N1高致病性禽流感进行风险评估,并对野生鸟类和家禽贸易在H5N1高致病性禽流感传播中的重要性进行分析。