类维生素A和β-胡萝卜素类添加剂对杜洛克公猪精液品质的影响

为了研究类维生素A和β-胡萝卜素类添加剂对杜洛克种公猪精液品质的影响,试验选择无明显差异的杜洛克公猪45头,随机分为3组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,M组、N组分别在基础日粮中添加类维生素A 2 000 IU/kg、β-胡萝卜素3 g/(头·d),试验期为3个月,每月采精1次,进行精液品质检测分析。结果表明:M组、N组种公猪的采精量、精子密度、精子畸形率显著提高(P0.05); M组种公猪的精子密度、原精活力、稀释后精液活力显著提高(P0.05),而N组种公猪的采精量、持续射精时间显著提高(P0.05)。     

青海气候条件下热应激对不同品种公牛精液品质的影响

采用三个不同品种公牛研究了青海气候条件下热应激对其精液品质的影响。结果表明：三个不同品种公牛在热应激状态下,新西兰荷斯坦公牛（HS）原精精液量、精子密度显著降低（P〈0．05）、原精活力及冻后活力极显著降低（P〈0．01）;德国西门塔尔公牛（XM）的原精精液量、精子密度极显著降低（P〈0．01）,原精活力及冻精品质无明显变化（P〉0．05）;澳洲矮脚公牛（LL）的原精精液量、精子密度、原精活力、冻精品质却显著提高（P〈0．05）。     

谷胱甘肽对犬精液冷冻保存效果的影响

为探讨在冷冻稀释液中添加谷胱甘肽（GSH）对犬精液冷冻保存效果的影响,采用按摩法采集5只杂种土犬的精液,离心去精清后,在冷冻液中分别加入0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5 mmol/L的GSH,制成0.25 mL的冻精进行冷冻保存,以不添加GSH的处理组作为对照组。解冻后在含有5% CO₂的空气、37 ℃、相对饱和湿度条件下孵育10 h,分别在孵育0、2、4、6、8、10 h时检查精子活力。结果显示：冻融后0 h,0.5、1.0 mmol/L GSH处理组的精子活力较高,分别为0.36和0.38,均显著（P<0.05）高于对照组和2.0、2.5 mmol/L处理组,且两者之间差异不显著（P>0.05）;1.0 mmol/L处理组的精子顶体完整率最高,为85.10%,显著（P<0.05）高于对照组,同时,其精子畸形率最低,为23.00%,显著（P<0.05）低于对照组。冻融后体外孵育2、4 h时,0.5、1.0 mmol/L处理组的精子活力均较高,其中,0.5 mmol/L处理组在体外孵育4 h时,其精子活力仍可达到0.30;孵育6 h时,1.0 mmol/L处理组精子活力最高,显著（P<0.05）高于对照组和2.0、2.5 mmol/L处理组;孵育8 h时,各GSH处理组的精子活力均显著（P<0.05）高于对照组;在孵育至10 h时,各GSH处理组的精子活力较其他孵育时间均有较大幅度的下降,未检测到对照组中有呈直线运动的精子。综上提示,在犬精液冷冻液中添加0.5~1.0 mmol/L的GSH能够显著提高冻融后的精子质量和体外存活时间。     

不同稀释液和温度对猪精液稀释及常温保存效果的影响

本试验分别设计了4种稀释液配方和保存温度。结果表明：1号稀释液（即变温液）对原精液稀释保存效果最好,精子活力、有效存活时间、总存活时间和生存指数分别为0.75、101.5 h、134.6 h、76.8 h,稀释后的精子活力与其他组之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）;精子有效存活时间、总存活时间、生存指数1号与2号配方差异不显著（P〉0.05）,但与其他配方组之间差异极显著（P〈0.01）;且试验得出,17℃条件下保存的稀释精液,其活力、存活时间的生存指数等个指标最高,保存效果最好。     

日粮中添加胡萝卜对荷斯坦种公牛精液品质的影响

本试验选择16头荷斯坦种公牛随机分为2组，对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验组在基础日粮中添加胡萝卜，试验期为75d，观察对荷斯坦种公牛原精产量、精子密度、精子活力和制冻精数量的影响。结果表明：在荷斯坦种公牛日粮中添加胡萝卜后，试验组牛的原精产量、鲜精精子活力和制冻精数量都极显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）；精子密度与对照组间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。本试验结果验证了在荷斯坦种公牛日粮中添加胡萝卜可显著提高精液产量、精子活力和制冻精数量，提高精液品质。     

稀释液渗透压与pH值对黑凤鸡精液低温保存活力的影响

为推广鸡精液稀释技术,对黑凤鸡精液稀释液pH值与渗透压进行优化。YHFB液的渗透压调整为340、294、261mOsm/kg,按1:2对原精稀释;pH值调整为7.38、7.29、7.11,按1:1对原精稀释;先添加精液与先添加稀释液,2种稀释顺序按1:2对原精稀释。稀释后的精液,置于6℃左右,定期检查精子活力。结果表明:用不同渗透压的稀释液稀释精液后立即测定的活力差异显著(P0.05),以261mOsm/kg组的活力最高,但24h及以后不同渗透压组的活力差异不显著;稀释后冷藏,3种不同pH值稀释液之间、稀释液与精液不同添加次序之间精子活力差异均不显著。因此,用YHFB稀释液对黑凤鸡精液进行稀释与冷藏,低渗透压(261mOsm/kg)较好,而pH值在7.1~7.4、精液与稀释液添加次序之间没有显著差异,能获得较好效果。     

两种稀释剂不同稀释倍数对猪精液保存效果的研究

为探讨课题组研制的猪精液17℃常温保存稀释剂在高倍稀释下对猪精子的保护效果,试验以BTS稀释剂为对照组,分别将原精进行1,3,5,10和15倍稀释,以精子有效存活时间内的活力、质膜完整性和顶体完整性为评价指标,研究课题组研制的稀释剂对高倍稀释的猪精液常温保存效果的影响。结果表明,配方组在5倍和10倍稀释时精液有效保存时间分别为8.77 d和8.43 d,在15倍稀释时配方组中精液有效保存时间明显下降,仅为4.56 d。而对照组中,精液最长有效保存时间为3倍稀释下的3.1 d;配方组采用10倍稀释,保存至第3天精子质膜完整率为82%,顶体完整率达87%,与对照组相比差异显著(P 0.05)。试验结论是课题组研制的稀释剂能够使猪精子耐受高倍稀释并具有较好的保护作用。     

FSH、二氢吡啶对关中奶山羊精液品质的影响

为了研究FSH和二氢吡啶以及二者联合使用对关中奶山羊精液品质、精子形态变化的影响,选择年龄、膘情、体重相近的成年关中奶山羊公羊36只,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复3只羊。对照组公羊饲喂基础日粮,试验1组在基础日粮中添加二氢吡啶（剂量为每日每头50mg）,试验2组采用减量注射FSH（第1天40U/只,第2天20U/只,第3天10U/只）,试验3组同时使用二氢吡啶和FSH,对关中奶山羊射精量、密度、精子活力及精子的形态变化进行测定。结果表明,关中奶山羊公羊使用FSH与二氢吡啶对提高精子活力和射精量效果极显著（P<0.01）,试验1组、试验2组及试验3组精子密度显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,二者联用极显著提高了鲜精与冻精活力,降低精子畸形率;单纯使用FSH的试验2组与对照组间在第6周后精子活力差异不显著（P>0.05）。     

左旋肉碱和维生素对公猪精液品质的影响

以大白和长白成年种公猪为研究材料,研究添加左旋肉碱和维生素对公猪精液品质的影响。试验采用单因子随机试验设计,试验1选择24头平均为18月龄的大白种公猪,按照体重、月龄随机分为2组,每组12头,饲喂期90d。试验2选择20头平均为18月龄的长白种公猪,按照体重、月龄随机分为2组,每组10头,饲喂期90d。试验1结果表明:添加左旋肉碱和维生素组公猪精液量、精子活力和精子的畸形率改善显著(P0.05)。试验2的结果表明:添加左旋肉碱和维生素组,精子密度和精子的畸形率改善显著(P0.05)。     

稀释液和温度对猪精液保存效果的影响

为了获得猪精液最佳的保存效果,本试验采用不同的稀释液和保存温度对猪精液的保存效果进行了研究。试验结果:Ⅰ组稀释液的稀释保存效果最好,精子活力、有效存活时间、总存活时间及生存指数分别为0.75、98.5h、129.8h、75.9h,除精子活力与其他组间差异不显著(P> 0.05)外,其他指标差异极显著(P <0.01);Ⅰ组稀释液在17℃条件下保存时,精子活力、存活时间和生存指数等指标最高。     

L-肉碱对猪精液冷冻保存效果的研究

本试验用5%二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)替代甘油作为冷冻保护剂,研究不同浓度(0、0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08 mg/mL)L-肉碱对猪精液冻后常规指标(精子活率、线粒体活性、顶体完整性、质膜完整性)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和总抗氧化酶(T-AOC)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明:添加0.04和0.06 mg/mL的L-肉碱可有效改善猪精液冷冻后效果。0.04 mg/mL组可显著提高精子冻后活率和线粒体活性(P<0.05);0.06 mg/mL组可显著提高顶体完整性和质膜完整性(P<0.05)。添加0.06 mg/mL L-肉碱可显著提高冷冻后精子内T-AOC酶活性并且抑制MDA的产生(P<0.05),但CAT活性与0.04 mg/mL组差异不显著。在冷冻稀释液中添加0.06 mg/mL L-肉碱可以提高猪精液冷冻保存效果。     

Relationship between sperm quality traits and field-fertility of porcine semen

An investigation involving seven boars, active in artificial insemination, and 1,350 multiparous sows was conducted at a private farm and aimed at examining the relationship between sperm quality traits and boar fertility in terms of farrowing rate and litter size. This experiment was done for 6 months. The semen samples were evaluated for subjective sperm motility and concentration. Ejaculates with at least 1 × 10⁸ sperm/mL and 70% sperm progressive motility were extended with a commercial medium to 30 × 10⁶ sperm/mL and used for artificial insemination (AI). AI dose was 100 mL semen containing 3 × 10⁹ spermatozoa. Aliquots of diluted semen were assessed for live morphologically normal spermatozoa (LMNS, eosin-nigrosin stain exclusion assay) and sperm chromatin instability (SCI, acridine orange assay). Farrowing rates according to different boar sperm varied (p < 0.001) from 59.3 to 88.92%. The mean values of LMNS (47.2~76.5%) and SCI (0.16~4.67%) differed significantly among boars. LMNS (r = 0.79, p < 0.05) and SCI (r = -0.90, p < 0.02) accounted for 62.2 and 81.7% of the variability in farrowing rates, respectively. After the combination of sperm traits, the relationship between percentage of LMNS with stable chromatin structure and farrowing rate was significant (r = 0.86, p < 0.05). The number of live piglets per parturition was not significantly correlated with sperm quality attributes. In conclusion, boar fertility after AI with freshly diluted semen can be predicted based on the evaluation of sperm morphology and chromatin integrity.     

"雅士勇"口服液对猪的射精量和精子畸形率的影响

以大白猪和长白猪为研究材料,对照组不饲喂"雅士勇"口服液,两试验组分别饲喂25 mL和30 mL"雅士勇"口服液,研究"雅士勇"口服液对猪的射精量和精子畸形率的影响。结果表明,"雅士勇"口服液对射精量无明显影响(P>0.05),但对种公猪的精子畸形率有显著影响,对照组的精子畸形率均极显著地高于两个试验组(P<0.01),而两试验组之间精子畸形率差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

A comparison of duck and chicken egg yolk for cryopreservation of stallion sperm

OBJECTIVE: Duck and chicken egg yolk were compared for their protective effects against cold shock during the cryopreservation of stallion sperm in a lactose-EDTA-glycerol cryodiluent. DESIGN: A completely randomised design was used. Procedure Ejaculates from five stallions (n = 14 ejaculates) were split and diluted to either 20 or 200 x 10(6) sperm/mL in a lactose-EDTA extender containing either duck or chicken egg yolk. The extended semen was then frozen in liquid nitrogen. The percentage of sperm total motility and forward progressive motility were assessed before freezing and at 0 and 1 hr after thawing. Morphology data were also collected at 0 and 1 hr post thaw. RESULTS: Total and forward progressive motility were higher when the sperm were frozen in the presence of duck rather than chicken egg yolk. Furthermore, the total and forward progressive motility and percentage of morphologically normal sperm were higher when frozen at a concentration of 200 than 20 x 10(6)/mL. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate that the motility parameters of stallion sperm are improved when the semen is frozen in lactose EDTA extender supplemented with duck egg yolk rather than chicken egg yolk. Moreover, sperm motility and the percentage of morphologically normal sperm were higher after freezing at a concentration of 200 x 10(6)/ml rather than 20 x 10(6)/ml.     

猪精液常温保存抗氧化剂研究进展

猪的人工授精技术被广泛用于我国生猪养殖业。用于人工授精的公猪精液质量直接关系到人工授精后母猪的受胎率和产仔数。猪精子质膜中胆固醇/磷脂比值低致使其对冷应激十分敏感,这决定了常温保存(16～18℃)成为目前最常用的猪精液保存方法。猪精液常温保存过程会累积活性氧自由基,而猪精子质膜中多不饱和脂肪酸比例高,使精子极易受到氧化应激伤害。稀释液中添加抗氧化剂有助于维持精子质量的各项指标。抗氧化剂主要包括超氧化物歧化酶等酶类抗氧化剂和还原型谷胱甘肽等非酶类抗氧化剂。本文综述了猪精子的生物学特征和常温保存过程中猪精液累积活性氧的原因,并总结了猪精液常温保存中抗氧化剂的研究进展,旨在为猪精液的保存及人工授精提供参考。     

The effects of different levels of superoxide dismutase in Modena on boar semen quality during liquid preservation at 17°C

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) on the quality of boar semen during liquid preservation at 17°C. Semen samples from 10 Duroc boars were collected and pooled, divided into five equal parts and diluted with Modena containing different concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 U/mL) of SOD. During the process of liquid preservation at 17°C, sperm motility, acrosome integrity, membrane integrity, total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) content were measured and analyzed every 24 h. Meanwhile, effective survival time of boar semen during preservation was evaluated and analyzed. The results indicated that different concentrations of SOD in Modena showed different protective effects on boar sperm quality. Modena supplemented with SOD decreased the effects on reactive oxygen species on boar sperm quality during liquid preservation compared with that of the control group. The added 200 U/mL SOD group showed higher sperm motility, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, effective survival time and T‐AOC activity. Meanwhile, the added 200 U/mL SOD group showed lower MDA content and H₂O₂content. In conclusion, addition of SOD to Modena improved the boar sperm quality by reducing oxidative stress during liquid preservation at 17°C and the optimum concentration was 200 U/mL.     

Effects of Bovine Serum Albumin on Boar Sperm Quality During Liquid Storage at 17°C

This study aimed to investigate the effects of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on boar sperm quality during liquid storage at 17°C. Boar semen samples were collected and diluted with Modena containing different concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 g/l) of BSA, and sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, total antioxidative capacity (T‐AOC) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured and analysed. The results showed that Modena supplemented with 3, 4 and 5 g/l BSA could improve boar sperm motility, effective survival time and plasma membrane integrity (p < 0.05), decrease MDA content (p < 0.05), while no statistical difference was observed for sperm acrosome integrity and T‐AOC activity among these three groups (p > 0.05). The semen sample diluted with Modena containing 4 g/l BSA could achieve optimum effect, and sperm survival time was 7.5 days. After 7 days preservation, sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity and acrosome integrity were 54%, 49% and 78%, respectively. T‐AOC activity and MDA content were 1.03 U/ml and 17.5 nmol/ml, respectively. In conclusion, Modena supplemented with BSA reduced the oxidative stress and improved the sperm quality of boar semen during liquid storage at 17°C, and 4 g/l BSA was the optimum concentration. Further studies are required to obtain more concrete results on the determination of antioxidant capacities of BSA in liquid preserved boar semen.     

不同浓度大豆卵磷脂替代蛋黄对东佛里生奶绵羊精液冷冻保存效果的影响

本试验皆在研究添加不同浓度大豆卵磷脂（SL）冷冻保存东佛里生奶绵羊精液的效果。我们在Tris基础稀释液中,添加18%蛋黄为对照组,添加0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%SL设为试验组,检测冷冻精液解冻后的精子活率和顶体完整率。结果显示,添加0.5%、2.5% SL冷冻稀释液稀释的精液,解冻后精子活率和顶体完整率与其他组之间存在显著差异（P<0.05）;添加18%蛋黄和1%～2% SL冷冻稀释液稀释的精液,冷冻解冻后精子活率和顶体完整率之间无显著差异（P>0.05）;添加18%蛋黄和1.0%～1.5% SL冷冻稀释液稀释后的精液,进行人工授精后母羊的妊娠率与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）。因此,大豆卵磷脂可以作为冷冻保护剂用于东佛里生奶绵羊精液的冷冻保存,其最佳添加浓度为1～2%（g／L）。     

弱酸性环境对猪精液常温保存的影响

试验旨在探究不同pH的弱酸性环境常温稀释液对于猪精液常温保存的影响。通过测定不同pH（PH为6．2、6．3、6．4、6．5、6．6、6．7）的稀释液条件下猪精子的活率、质膜完整率和顶体完整性来检测对猪精液的保存效果。结果表明,稀释48h后,pH为6．4和6．5的稀释液中精子活率、质膜完整性和顶体完整性都分别出现降低,明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。pH为6．2时,稀释液中精子的活率、质膜完整性和顶体完整性显著降低（P〈0．01）,不同PH的稀释液稀释后精液的品质在24h后开始出现明显的下降（P〈0．05）。试验表明,适宜猪精液常温保存的稀释液的弱酸性环境PH为6．4和6．5,在24h内保存效果较好。     

不同温度对马鹿精子活力的影响

为优选马鹿精子在流式分选前保存的方法,对6头种用马鹿麻醉电刺激采精,用改良的TRIS液稀释至精子含量为109个/mL,均分成两份,一份降温到19℃并保存18 h,另一份降温至0℃,在该温度下保存16 h,每隔2 h检测精子活率。结果表明:4 h内19℃保存条件下精子活率显著高于在0℃的,而4 h以后,在0℃保存条件下精子活率显著高于19℃的。