鸡传染性喉气管炎的诊治

传染性喉气管炎是由病毒引起的一种急性呼吸道疾病 ,其特征为呼吸困难 ,咳嗽 ,咳出含有血液的渗出物 ,喉部和气管粘膜肿胀 ,出血 ,并形成糜烂。该病发病率高 ,死亡率高 ,在发病早期 ,患部细胞的细胞核内见有包涵体。2 0 0 3年 5月 ,甘肃西和县畜牧站鸡场饲养的商品蛋鸡在 1 6 0日龄时陆续出现流眼泪、呼吸困难 ,单侧或双侧眼睑肿胀 ,鸡冠发白 ,产蛋急剧下降 ,并出现死亡鸡只 ,给鸡场造成很大的经济损失。通过流行病学调查结合临床症状、病理剖检和实验室诊断后 ,确诊为传染性喉气管炎 ,根据疾病的特点 ,采取有效的措施后 ,病情得到控制 ,鸡…     

Studies on the pathogenesis of chicken infectious anaemia virus infection in six-week-old SPF chickens

The pathogenesis of chicken infectious anaemia virus (CAV) infection was studied in 6-week-old and one-day-old SPF chickens inoculated intramuscularly with graded doses of Cux-1 strain (10(6)-10(2) TCID50/chicken). Viraemia, virus shedding, development of virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies and CAV distribution in the thymus were studied by virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunocytochemistry (IP) and in situ hybridization until postinfection day (PID) 28. In 6-week-old chickens infected with high doses of CAV, viraemia and VN antibodies could be detected 4 PID and onward without virus shedding or contact transmission to sentinel birds. However, virus shedding and contact transmission were demonstrated in one-day-old infected chickens. In the 6-week-old groups infected with lower doses, VN antibodies developed by PID 14, transient viraemia and virus shedding were detected. The thymus cortex of all 1-day-old inoculated chickens stained with VP3-specific mAb. Cells with positive in situ hybridization signal were fewer and scattered throughout the thymus tissue of the one-day-old inoculated chickens as compared to IP-positive cells. These results suggest that early immune response induced by high doses of CAV in 6-week-old chickens curtails viral replication and prevents virus shedding.     

禽传染性喉气管炎病毒体内外感染模型中鸡Toll样受体21mRNA转录水平的研究

为研究病毒与机体的相互作用,本研究参考GenBank中鸡Toll样受体21 (ChTLR21)的基因序列设计实时定量PCR特异性引物,以鸡核糖体蛋白L4 (RPL4)为内参基因,建立检测ChTLR21 mRNA相对转录水平的实时定量PCR方法,分析ChTLR21在禽传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)中和感染SPF雏鸡免疫器官脾脏、法氏囊和胸腺组织中的转录水平.结果显示:ILTV感染CEF后2h、4h、8h和18h时间点ChTLR21 mRNA转录水平分别为未感染对照细胞的1 540.53、0.98、1.19和3.70倍.但仅在ILTV感染2h时引起ChTLR21转录水平升高,与对照组相比差异显著(P＜0.05).ILTV感染SPF雏鸡后6h、24 h和30 h脾脏中ChTLR21 mRNA转录水平分别为未感染对照的56.34、59.85和3.61倍;法氏囊中分别为0.03、25.98和3.08倍;胸腺中分别为2.52、50和7.32倍.在感染初期,脾脏中ChTLR21转录量显著升高,随后有所降低,但均高于未感染对照(p＜0.05);法氏囊中仅在感染6h时呈显著抑制(p＜0.01);胸腺中呈波动性转录水平升高,但与对照组无统计学差异(p＞0.05).本研究证明ChTLR21参与了鸡体对ILTV感染的应答,并在体内外感染模型中呈现不同的表达规律.     

PP1和PP2对鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒感染影响的研究

为研究化学小分子SRC抑制剂PP1和PP2对鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)感染宿主细胞的影响,本研究将ILTV接种鸡细胞系LMH作为研究模型,检测了PP1和PP2对ILTV感染各阶段的作用。结晶紫染色结果显示,ILTV感染细胞中,与DMSO处理组相比,PP1和PP2处理组的细胞死亡均明显增多,表明PP1和PP2促进了ILTV感染介导的宿主细胞死亡;高内涵细胞筛选检测分析结果显示,在病毒感染24h时,PP1和PP2处理组EGFP荧光面积显著大于对照组(p<0.05),表明PP1和PP2可以促进ILTV的扩散,并且该现象不受ILTV中和抗体的影响,提示PP1和PP2可以促进ILTV的细胞-细胞间扩散;病毒特异性qPCR检测显示,PP1和PP2处理组的病毒基因组拷贝数与DMSO对照组相比无显著差异,PP1和PP2处理组之间的病毒基因组拷贝数也无显著差异(p>0.05),PP1和PP2对病毒复制无显著影响。为了进一步确定PP1和PP2促进ILTV细胞-细胞间扩散的具体作用方式,本研究利用多种颜色及理化性质不同的染料对LMH细胞膜、细胞质以及ILTV囊膜分别进行染色检测,结果显示PP1和PP2能够促进ILTV进入细胞,但对ILTV吸附细胞和细胞间胞质直接联系无显著影响。本研究初步确定了PP1和PP2影响ILTV感染的具体作用方式,为对其进一步分子机制研究奠定了基础。     

盐酸多西环素黄芪多糖可溶性粉对人工感染鸡传染性喉气管炎的疗效试验

用盐酸多西环素黄芪多糖可溶性粉以1.5、1.0、0.5 g/L对人工感染鸡传染性喉气管炎鸡群混饮治疗,同时设立病毒灵对照组。试验结果表明,用药5 d后,盐酸多西环素黄芪多糖可溶性粉高、中剂量组有效率皆为98%,治愈率皆为90%,效果优于对照药物病毒灵。     

Survey of infectious agents involved in acute respiratory disease in finishing pigs.

Outbreaks of respiratory disease constitute a major health problem in herds of finishing pigs and their aetiology often remains unclear. In this study, 16 outbreaks of respiratory disease with acute clinical signs in finishing pigs were investigated to determine which infectious agents were involved. From each herd four diseased and two clinically healthy pigs were examined pathologically and for the presence of viruses, bacteria and mycoplasmas. In addition, paired blood samples from 10 groupmates of the diseased pigs were tested for antibodies against commonly known causal agents of respiratory disease. A clear diagnosis was possible in 12 of the 16 outbreaks. Seven were due to an infection with influenza virus and five were due to an infection with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. A combination of influenza virus and A pleuropneumoniae may have caused one other outbreak, but no clear cause could be established for the other three outbreaks.     

The early pathogenesis in chicken inoculated with non-pathogenic serotype 2 Marek's disease virus.

A newly cloned serotype 2 Marek's disease virus (MDV), strain ML-6, was inoculated via the nasal cavity in specific-pathogen-free chicks to examine early virus replication and the expression of Marek's disease (MD)-related antigens. Following inoculation, viral intracellular antigens (VIAs) were detected in lymphoid organs (bursas and spleens) between 5 and 14 days post inoculation (PI), in feather follicles between 14 and 30 days PI, and in lungs at 3 days PI by the immunohistopathological staining of avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. But, very few VIAs were expressed in the thymuses between 5 and 14 days PI. However, MD tumor-associated surface antigens were not detected in any organs. Viruses were isolated from separated spleen cells at 14 and 30 days PI. Fluorescent antibodies of convalescent sera were also detected after 10 days PI. As most of the VIAs were detectable in B-cells in bursas and spleens. B-cells were considered to be the main first target cells for the serotype 2 MDV infection.     

中药喉气散治疗鸡传染性喉气管炎

传染性喉气管炎是由病毒引起的鸡的一种急性传染病。多发于春秋季气温突变时 ,发病率高 ,传播迅速。特别是蛋鸡死亡率高达 1 0 %～ 5 0 % ,1 0天内可下降 30 %～ 5 0 %。雏鸡死亡率比蛋鸡低 ,但生长发育受阻 ,影响后期生产性能 ,给养鸡业造成很大的经济损失。笔者用中药治疗传染性喉气管炎 ,取得了良好的效果 ,现报道如下。1　症状病鸡初期精神沉郁 ,呆立、闭目、垂头 ,食欲不振 ,产蛋量下降 ,产畸形蛋 ;随着病情加重 ,病鸡出现严重的呼吸困难 ,伸颈、张口 ,有喘鸣音和湿性口罗音 ,咳嗽 ,甩头 ,有时咳出或甩出带血粘液。鸡冠、肉髯发绀 ,眼…     

Serological evidence of Mycoplasma cynos infection in canine infectious respiratory disease

A high proportion of dogs suffer from respiratory disease when they are placed in kennels for vacation or re-homing. The role of Mycoplasma cynos as an initiating agent in canine infectious respiratory disease was investigated by examining the serological response of dogs to this organism at the time of entry into a large re-homing kennel. Forty-two paired serum samples from dogs (21-day interval) were examined for antibody to M. cynos using Western blotting. The development of antibody in the serum was related to clinical disease recorded over the same period. Sixty seven per cent of the dogs showed a two-fold or greater rise in antibody to M. cynos during the first 3 weeks in the kennel. Reactivity with a 45 kDa antigen was dominant. Of those showing a positive serological reaction, 80% had recorded clinical respiratory disease while 20% remained healthy. The findings of this study show that an antibody response to M. cynos is common in dogs entering the re-homing kennel and is positively related to the development of clinical respiratory disease.     

In vitro infection of fractionated chicken lymphocytes by infectious bursal disease virus

Lymphocytes from bursa of Fabricius and thymus of chickens were purified and separated into the three cell subsets--T, B, and null cells--by the techniques of nylon fiber columns and cytotoxicity tests. The in vitro susceptibility of the fractionated lymphocytes to a virulent strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was studied by using immunofluorescence as the infection criterion. B cells were highly susceptible. By contrast, T cells and null cells were insusceptible to infection by IBDV. The relationship between the target cells for virus infection and those B cells that possessed surface immunoglobulin (SIg) was tested. B cells were further divided into SIg(M)- and SIg(G)-bearing cells by immunoadsorbent columns employing anti-immunoglobulin M(IgM) (mu-specific) or anti-IgG (gamma-specific) sera coated with Sephadex. The SIg(M)-bearing cells were highly susceptible. These results suggest strongly that SIg(M)-bearing B cells were the target cells for infection by IBDV.     

表达传染性喉气管炎病毒gB基因和新城疫病毒F基因重组鸡痘病毒疫苗免疫持续期试验

用表达传染性喉气管炎病毒gB基因和新城疫病毒F基因的重组鸡痘病毒（rFPV～gB—F）制备的疫苗免疫4周龄SPF鸡，免疫后的7、14、21、30、60、90、120、150、180d分别采血，分离血清，检测抗FPV和gB的抗体。结果表明重组疫苗免疫后14d，免疫鸡血清抗体已经全部阳转，免疫后的21d血清抗FPV的抗体出现峰值；此后便开始回落，到免疫后的6个月抗体水平已经接近阴性对照的水平。抗gB的抗体在免疫后的第二周达到阳性，之后的六个月都为阳性。在免疫后的每个月将免疫鸡取20只再分成两组。分别用新城疫强毒与传染性喉气管炎强毒的攻击。在免疫后的第一个月对新城疫的保护率为8／10，第2个月对新城疫的保护为7／10，第3个月为2／10，因此对新城疫的免疫保护期为2个月。在免疫后的5个月内可以使免疫鸡对传染性喉气管炎强毒攻击的保护率达到8／10以上，免疫后的6个月对ILT为8／13．因此rF—PV-gB—F对传染性喉气管炎的免疫保护期为5个月。