观赏性小苹果“特丽”的组织培养及快速繁殖技术

以MS为基本培养基，以观赏性小苹果“特丽”的茎段为外植体，建立了无菌培养体系，研究了不同的激素配比和不同茎段类型对增殖培养的影响以及不同的生长素组合对试管苗生根的影响。结果表明：MS+BA0.5 mg/L~2.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L均为适合的芽萌发培养基；MS+BA1.5mg/L+IBA0.1mg/L是最适合的茎段增殖培养基；继代增殖培养取留顶芽无侧芽和去顶芽带有1~2个侧芽两种类型的茎段有利于提高增殖系数；1/2MS+0.2mg/L IAA是最佳生根培养基。试管苗增殖系数达到5.6，生根率达91.9%。     

垂枝桦的组培快繁

以垂枝桦(Betula pendula Roth.)具节茎段为外植体,对其组培快繁体系进行了比较系统的研究。结果表明,将垂枝桦茎段外植体在MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+KT 1.25 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+3%Sucrose+0.7%Agar(p H 5.8)培养基上培养,不定芽萌发率最高;将其不定芽在MS+6-BA 0.75 mg/L+KT 0.75 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+3%Sucrose+0.7%Agar(p H 5.8)培养基上继代培养一个月左右,不定芽继代增殖系数可达到5.0~7.0;垂枝桦试管苗在1/2MS+KT 0.05 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L+1.5%Sucrose+0.7%Agar(p H 5.8)培养基上,生根率为96.7%;经驯化、移栽后,垂枝桦生根试管苗成活率可达到90.0%以上。     

药用植物穿心莲的组织培养

以带腋芽茎段为外植体,研究不同培养基对穿心莲芽增殖的影响、不同代数试管苗生长的差异以及试管苗生根的试验。结果表明:穿心莲生长的最适合基本培养基是MS培养基;丛生芽增殖最佳培养基为MS+KT1.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L;3代以内试管苗生长状况良好;试管苗生根最佳培养基为1/2MS+NAA1mg/L。     

福建乌龙茶种质离体保存研究Ⅱ 无菌系继代增殖与生根

本试验以铁观音茶树成年茎段离体培养诱导的丛生芽作为研究材料,探讨无菌系的继代增殖和生根。试验结果表明：适宜茶树成年茎段无菌系继代增殖的培养基为1/2MS＋1.0mg/L6-BA＋0.2mg/LIAA＋0.2mg/LGA3,培养基中附加8g/L琼脂糖,30g/L蔗糖,pH5.6。在此继代培养基上进行增殖,茶树成年茎段平均增殖率为7.57,最高增殖率可达13。适合茶树成年茎段离体培养生根的培养基是1/2MS＋3mg/LIBA＋30g/L蔗糖＋7g/L琼脂糖;研究还表明随着继代生长时间的延长,生根率提高,最早生根的天数缩短。     

泽林考兰薄层细胞的再生体系

为建立泽林考兰薄层细胞的再生体系,以其试管苗茎尖薄层细胞为外植体,研究了不同激素浓度配比对其类原球茎诱导、增殖、分化及生根的影响。结果表明,茎尖薄层细胞在1/2MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+TDZ2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L培养基上的类原球茎的诱导率最高,达53.3%;类原球茎在1/2MS+6-BA 2.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L培养基上培养40 d后,增殖系数为9.6,类原球茎在1/2MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.15 mg/L培养基上培养40 d后分化出小苗,分化率为89.7%;小苗在1/2MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L+AC 0.5 g/L培养基上生根培养40 d后,生根率达94.2%;小苗驯化移栽成活率达90%以上,长势良好。本研究通过以泽林考兰试管苗茎尖薄层细胞为外植体诱导出类原球茎,建立了泽林考兰薄层细胞再生体系,为泽林考兰试管苗产业化生产提供了新的途径。     

南果梨茎尖离体快繁技术研究

为了探索一种南果梨离体培养快速繁殖的方法,以南国梨茎尖为材料,以MS基本培养基添加6-BA、NAA、IBA进行离体培养及再生体系研究。结果表明最适取材时间为4月上旬;最佳预处理为GA3 0.1 mg/L预处理一周;最佳灭菌时间为0.1% HgCl2溶液灭菌8~10 min;不同品种的南果梨茎尖增殖和生长能力不同;‘大红南果梨’的最适继代培养基为：MS+BA 4.0 mg/L+NAA 0.4 mg/L;IBA促进生根,最适生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 1.4 mg/L,GA3抑制生根;试管苗移栽的最适基质为珍珠岩:草炭土:河沙=1:1:1,成活率可达93.3%。     

日本芋品种茎尖离体快繁技术研究

以从日本引进的名优芋品种石川早生、虾籽芋、叶用芋为材料,进行了茎尖离体快繁技术研究.结果表明:茎尖大于 05mm,成活率超过 80%.激素种类及浓度对芋芽分化、试管苗复壮和生根起着关键作用,在 MS NAA 02mg/L基本培养基中,附加 TDZ 01mg/L或 BA 10mg/L,叶用芋芽分化效果好, TDZ 05mg/L或 BA 20mg/L时有利于虾籽芋快繁,而 TDZ 05mg/L或 BA 40mg/L浓度下石川早生不定芽月增殖系数最高.添加 KT,可明显减缓试管苗的分化速度,但适合于芋试管苗生根和复壮.在 KT 10、20、40mg/L不同浓度下, 3种芋40d的生根率均可达100%.经大田移栽,成活率 100%, 3种试管植株均生长旺盛,保持了原有的优良品质和特性.     

香石竹离体组织培养特性的研究

本实验以香石竹当年生带腋芽的茎段为外植体,研究它的诱导分化、继代增殖、生根培养各阶段离体培养的特性.结果表明:附加1.5mg/LBA和0.1 mg/LNAA的MS培养基适合腋芽的萌发诱导,诱导率达100%;附加0.5mg/LBA和0.1 mg/L NAA的培养基适合香石竹的增殖,增殖率达340%;附加1.0mg/L NAA的培养基为适宜的生根培养基.     

驱蚊草组织培养和快速繁殖技术的研究

采用植物组织培养技术,利用驱蚊草顶芽及带腋芽茎段为外植体,开展驱蚊草的诱导分化、芽苗增殖、壮苗培养、生根和移栽等系列研究。结果表明,采用二次消毒方法,有利于无菌系的建立;在无菌系建立后,以带叶柄叶片为材料,在MS+BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L培养基上进行培养,可分化、获得高达60%的正常丛生芽;以1/2MS+6-BA0.1mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L为丛生芽增殖继代培养基,不仅能够满足快繁、增殖,同时也能够降低驱蚊草试管苗玻璃比发生频率;生根培养基用1/2MS+6-BA0.1mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L外加AC0.5mg/L,炼苗后将瓶苗移栽到泥炭土、沙、蛭石(质量比为2:3:1)的基质中,控温、保温、保湿栽,成活率可达80%左右。     

红叶乌桕组织培养技术研究

为了实现红叶乌桕优良种源和变异个体的种质保存和快速繁殖,以带腋芽茎段、茎尖、叶片为外植体,进行了红叶乌桕的组织培养技术研究。结果表明：6月中旬取半木质化茎段,用0.1%HgCl2灭菌5min,外植体接种成功率达79.5%;MS+KT0.5mg/L+IBA0.5 mg/L培养基适于试管苗继代增殖,20~25d继代一次长势良好;试管苗在MS+IBA0.5mg/L+KT(0.5~1.0)mg/L和1/2MS+IBA (0.1~0.5)mg/L培养基中生根效果较好,生根率在91.14%以上,平均主根数为6.49~13.03条/株。     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

新疆布尔津县土地利用格局特征研究

基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为：（1）布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。（2）四个分区（即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区）的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区（3）从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。     

Laboratorial Method of Determining Limit of Yielding of Material

Based on the relation between the incipient yield pressure and the limit of yielding in cylinder according to the elastic disabled rule, a laboratorial method of determining limit of yielding of material is designed and a set of experimental data were gained by the method. The incipient yield pressure of the cylinder is gained by analyzing the experimental data, and then the limit of yielding is gained. The laboratorial method has a good reliability as the experimental value has a little error to the theory value. It has a definite engineering signification and theory value to research the mechanical capability of material and the disabled rule of high pressure vessel.     

南瓜降糖功能及其系列食品加工技术

阐述了南瓜在糖尿病辅助治疗方面的功能特性,介绍了南瓜降糖主要制品南瓜全粉、南瓜脆片、南瓜果酱和南瓜肉汁的工艺流程和操作要点。     

母猪繁殖障碍成因分析

繁殖障碍是导致母猪淘汰的最主要因素,直接造成母猪非生产天数延长,繁殖猪群生产效率降低,严重影响猪场的经济效益。本文作者对引起母猪繁殖障碍的多方面因素,包括营养因素（如饲养水平、饲料品质、断奶日龄）、环境因素（如温度、湿度、通风、光照）、疫病因素、生产技术及管理因素进行了详细阐述。     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.