草乌种子产量因子与产量间的关联性分析

为了明确影响草乌种子产量的主要因子,提高草鸟种子产量,采用通径分析和逐步回归方法,对草乌种子产量的相关因子进行分析.结果表明,单株花序数、每花序小花数、每花序果实数和每果实种子数是草乌种子产量的主要构成因子,其回归模型为Y=-2.157 31+0.049 82 X2+0.28133 X 3+0.079 09 X4 +0.146 85 X6,且不同因子对草鸟种子产量的作用程度不同,其中单株花序数和每花序小花数的影响作用最大;株高是草鸟种子产量的重要影响因子,通过影响单株花序数和每花序小花数间接影响种子产量,且株高＞35 cm的植株种子产量显著高于株高＜35 cm的植株.     

肉苁蓉种子产量构成因子分析

为明确构成肉苁蓉种子产量的关键因子及其对种子产量的影响,采用相关、通径和多元回归分析等方法对肉苁蓉花部主要形态性状与单株种子产量的关系进行分析,得出与种子产量显著相关的7个构成因子为有效果数(X1)、总果数(X2)、单果种子数(X3)、花序长(X4)、大苞片长(X5)、结实率(X6)和花数(X7);其中有效果数(X1)对种子产量(Y)的直接效应最大,最优回归方程为:Y=-8.721+0.0919X2+0.00954X3。结果表明,肉苁蓉单株种子产量可以通过果数和单果种子数进行预测,打顶、增加授粉量以及选育种子高产品种等措施有助于种子产量的提高。研究结果为制定肉苁蓉的育种目标和栽培措施提供了科学依据。     

苜蓿种子产量及其构成因素的多样性研究

在2005-2006年连续两年在条播条件下对国内外62份苜蓿种质55个4龄苜蓿品种的种子产量及其构成因素的多样性和相关性进行了研究.结果表明所有参试的苜蓿品种间的种子产量差异比较大,生殖枝数/m2、每生殖枝花序数、每花序小花数、每花序小荚数,每小荚种子数品种间存在较大的变异,遗传多样性比较复杂.通过对两年的数据进行相关分析发现,种子产量与牛殖枝花序数在两年中相关均极显著,可以作为高种子产量品种选育的重要指标之一.实际种子产量占潜在种子产量百分比在品种之间和茬次之间均存在较大差异,而且发现两年中实际种子产量占潜在种子产量几乎均小于4%,绝大部分在1%～2%之间.研究发现千粒重与其它指标相关性不显著,国内品种千粒重表现比较大的变异,多数品种间千粒重差异较大,但国外品种间(除Jindera外)千粒重变异较小,品种间差异不显著(p>0.05).     

高羊茅种子产量与主要农艺性状的通径分析

对高羊茅的7个农艺性状与单株种子产量进行了相关和通径分析.结果表明,7个农艺性状与单株种子产量均呈极显著正相关,其相关系数大小依次为单株穗数＞每穗粒数＞穗长＞千粒重＞茎重＞株高》叶片重.7个性状与单椿种子产量直接通径系数大小依次为叶片重＞株高＞单株有效穗数＞每穗粒数＞千粒重＞茎重＞穗长.叶片重、单株有效穗数和每穗粒对种子产量的贡献较大,茎重和穗长的效应较小,提高单株种子产量,要增加单株有效穗数和每穗粒数,并兼顾千粒重的提高.     

苜蓿雄性不育系杂交制种产量灰色关联度分析

利用灰色关联度法和相关分析法,对7份苜蓿雄性不育材料的单株种子产量及其与7个主要产量性状的关系进行了分析.结果表明:单株种子产量与各产量性状关联度的大小顺序为:生殖枝数>花序数/枝>株高>种子数/荚>千粒重>小花数/花>荚果数/花序.其中对苜蓿雄性不育杂交制种产量影响最大的因素是单株的生殖枝数,其次是花序数/枝和株高,这为提高雄性不育系的种子产量提供了理论依据.     

苦瓜单株种子产量与构成因素的相关及通径分析

对苦瓜单株种子产量与构成因素进行相关及通径分析,相关分析结果表明,单株种子产量与其坐果数呈显著遗传正相关、与种子粒数呈极显著遗传正相关,而与千粒重却呈负相关但不显著;通径分析结果表明,各构成因素对苦瓜种子产量的相对重要性依次为：种子粒数（p=1.23216）〉千粒重（p=0.32360）〉单株坐果数（p=0.04058）。     

不同生态区扁蓿豆野生居群种子产量性状遗传多样性分析

采用形态标记和SSR分子标记相结合的方法,对13个野生扁蓿豆居群的单位面积分枝数、花序花朵数、单枝花序数、花序结荚数、花序种子数、单荚种子数和种子千粒重等种子产量性状的遗传变异进行了研究。结果表明,扁蓿豆野生居群间种子产量性状的变异为19.97%~109%,种子产量变异最大,变幅为0.08~11.208 kg/hm2(P0.05);种子千粒重的变异最小,差异不显著(P0.05),而其他性状差异均显著,根据形态性状聚类结果显示:13个野生居群可分成4大类群;SSR分子标记分析表明:各居群的遗传距离变异范围为1.00~0.11,可见扁蓿豆野生居群间的种子产量性状具有丰富的遗传多样性,经UPGMA方法建立的树状图,可将13个野生居群划分为4大类群。两种标记结果部分一致。     

甘蓝型油菜主要农艺性状相关及聚类分析

为拓宽油菜育种配制杂交组合用种质资源,筛选优异基因资源。对近年收集和自育的50份油菜材料进行田间鉴定和农艺性状相关、回归和聚类分析,结果表明,不同油菜材料农艺性状差异显著,单株产量与株高、每角粒数呈极显著正相关,与主花序长呈显著正相关,与主花序角果、千粒重呈负相关。回归分析显示每角粒数和株高是影响单株产量的主要因子。聚类分析将50份油菜材料分为3个类群,为育种中亲本选配提供参考依据。     

油菜高产群体各农艺性状对产量的影响

为研究油菜高产群体各农艺性状对产量的影响,按照常规田间试验方法种植了15个甘蓝型油菜品种(系),每个品种(系)设15万、30万、45万、60万和75万株/hm²等5个密度。试验结果表明,油菜群体高产的最佳密度在30万~60万株/hm²。采用灰色关联梯度分析方法就油菜14个农艺性状对产量影响的相对重要性进行分析,其重要性表现为:一次有效分枝数>主花序长>分枝角果数>株高>每角粒数>分枝子拉千拉重>单角果子粒重>一次分枝高度>单位面积花序数>分枝单株产量>密度>主花序角果数>主花序子拉千粒重>主花序单株产量。对高产群体中的角果数、每角拉数及千粒重3个产量构成因素的相关性进行分析,结果表明:油菜每角拉数分别与分枝子粒千粒重和主花序子拉千粒重极显著负相关,但与主花序单株产量和分枝单株产量相关性不显著;分枝子粒千粒重和主花序子拉千拉重均与主花序单株产量极显著正相关,而与分枝单株产量相关性不显著。因此,油菜群体获得高产主要依靠较多的分枝数和角果数,同时兼靠单角果子粒重。研究结果可为油菜高产育种提供理论指导,可减少油菜高产...     

扁蓿豆种子产量构成因子的分析

通过对扁蓿豆种子产量构成因子做相关、通径和回归分析，找出呼和浩特地区扁蓿豆种子产量构成因子中的限制性因子是生殖枝数／株；预测栽培扁蓿豆单株实际种子产量的模型为Y=1．651＋0．025X1。利用种子产量构成因子计算潜在种子产量、表现种子产量和实际种子产量。     

Genetic control of alfalfa seed yield and its components

Seed yield is of little agronomic importance in alfalfa (lucerne) but is critical in the marketing of varieties. In order to develop breeding criteria, the quantitative genetics of seed yield components must be studied. The objective of this study was (1) to evaluate combining ability for seed yield and its components and (2) to estimate the genetic control of these same characters. A 7 × 7 diallel mating design, including reciprocals, among parents from different varieties, and a 7 × 7 factorial design within the ‘Flamande’ population were evaluated. In the diallel design, where the progenies were evaluated over two growing seasons, a high genotype effect was found for seed yield and its components while genotype × year interaction was only significant for seed yield per plant. General combining ability (GCA) effects explained most of the variation due to genotype effect. Specific combining ability (SCA) and reciprocal effects were only significant for seed yield per plant. ‘Europe‐1’, ‘Rival‐5’ and ‘Medalfa‐7’ were the most promising parents, conferring the highest GCA for most of the characters evaluated, especially for seed weight per inflorescence. In the factorial design, seed weight per pod was the only character for which the year effect was not significant. Male and female effects were significant for all characters and these effects were larger than the male × female interaction variance for all the characters. These results were stable over the 2 years for most characters. Additive variance was larger than dominance variance, for all traits. This resulted in high narrow‐sense heritabilities, especially for seed yield per plant, seed weight per inflorescence and number of seeds per pod. Seed weight per inflorescence and number of seeds per inflorescence were highly correlated with seed yield per plant among the full‐sib (FS) families, in both experiments. Increase in seed yield potential in alfalfa could be achieved by the use of seed weight per inflorescence as a selection criterion.     

红花主要农艺性状与单株籽粒产量的相关和通径分析

对来自世界各地的48份栽培红花品种的主要农艺性状进行相关和通径分析.相关分析结果表明,9个相关性状对单株籽粒产量影响的顺序:单株粒数＞百粒重＞单株有效果球数＞平均每果粒数＞株高＞一级分枝数＞开花期＞单株无效果球数.多元回归分析表明,百粒重(x1)、单株无效果球数(x3)、单株粒数(x4)、一级分枝数(x6)是影响产量的主要因素,4个因素对产量的多元回归方程为(y=-8.784 3.773 x1 0.067 x3 0.025 x4-0.046 x6(r=0.981**).通径分析表明,单株粒数对单株籽粒产量的直接效应最大,其次为百粒重,二者是红花品种选育的主要目标性状和高产栽培的主攻方向.减少单株无效果球数可大幅提高单株籽粒产量.单株籽粒产量高产株型应是株高、一级分枝数适中,单株粒数、平均每果粒数多,单株有效果球数多、无效果球数少,百粒重高,开花期短者.     

黑龙江省中熟大豆品种主要农艺性状演变趋势分析

黑龙江省近20年来中熟大豆品种遗传改进的明显趋势是株高、有效节数、一二粒荚数、三四粒荚数、单株荚数、单株粒数、每荚粒数和单株粒重增加,底荚高度略有增加。分枝数、蛋白质含量呈现先增后减的趋势．脂肪含量呈现先减后增的趋势,百粒重变化不大。株高、有效节数、三四粒荚数、单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重与单株粒重呈显著或极显著的正相关。各性状对单株粒重的贡献大小依次为单株粒数、单株荚数、三四粒荚数、株高、有效节数、百粒重。提高单株粒数、单株荚数、三四粒荚数．兼顾株高、有效节数、百粒重是该区大豆育种的主攻方向。     

Components of Seed and Straw Yield in Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.)

178 common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) strains were tested for 2 years under dryland conditions in Bursa, Turkey. Broad-sense heritability of the traits was calculated for each trait. Phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients between seed and straw yield, with several morphological and reproductive traits, were obtained. Broad-sense heritability estimates were high for 1000-seed weight and number of seeds per pod. Heritability values for both seed and straw yield were small and insignificant. Harvest index, 1000-seed weight and spring vigour showed significant positive correlations with seed yield, but days to flower correlated negatively with seed yield. Spring vigour, plant height and number of leaflets per leaf correlated positively, while harvest index, seeds per pod and seeds per plant correlated negatively with straw yield. Correlations between seed and straw yield were both positive and significant.     

Path analysis of the relationships between seed yield and some morphological and phenological traits in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Path analysis was performed on plant characters of six safflower genotypes grown in a two year field experiment to determine for seed yield, the direct and indirect effects of the following traits: total biomass, stem yield, number of primary branches/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, number of seeds/m², number of seeds/capitulum, number of capitula/plant, capitulum diameter, 1000-seed weight, seed weight/capitulum, distance between ground level and the first fertile branch, plant height, number of days to the beginning of branching, number of days to the beginning of flowering, number of days to 50% flowering, number of days to full flowering and flowering duration. Seed yield was significantly correlated with the following traits: total biomass, stem yield, capitulum diameter, 1000-seed weight, seed weight/capitulum, distance between ground level and the first fertile branch, number of days to the beginning of branching and flowering duration. Total biomass, seed weight/capitulum, distance between ground level and the first fertile branch, 1000-seed weight and flowering duration had substantial direct effects, in that order, on enhancement of seed yield. The significant positive correlation coefficient of capitulum diameter with seed yield resulted from positive indirect effects of total biomass, seed weight/capitulum and 1000-seed weight. Conversely, the significant negative correlations between number of days to the beginning of branching and distance between ground level and the first fertile branch and seed yield resulted from negative indirect effects of the same three traits. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that 94% of the total variation in seed yield could be explained by variation in total biomass and by number of days to the beginning of branching (84 and 10%, respectively). Results suggest that total biomass and number of days to the beginning of branching are primary selection criteria for improving seed yield in safflower.     

Analysis of quantitative variability for seed yield and related characters in Lotus corniculatus L. cv. Leo

Summary Quantitative variability for seed yield and six other characters was analysed in Lotus corniculatus L. cv. Leo. The material consisted of 144 polycross progenies and 100 parents.Wide variability existed for all characters. The characters with the greatest variability were seed yield, forage grading and plant height. The polycross progeny test was employed to study the general combining ability of the parents. Highly significant differences existed for all seven characters under study.Parent-offspring genotypic and phenotypic correlations were high and significant for all characters except genotypic correlations for seed yield and seeds per pod. High h² values (broad sense) were obtained for seed size and days to flowering. Traits with moderate to high h² were seed yield (71% in parents, 64% in progenies), plant height, forage grading, and seeds per pod. The character pods per inflorescence had the lowest h².Positive estimates of % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGak0dh9WrFfpC0xh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFf% ea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr% 0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaaiaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiqabo8agaqcaK% aaavaabeqaceaaaeaacaqGYaaabaGaaeiraaaaaaa!3A89!\[{\text{\hat \sigma }}\begin{array}{*{20}c} {\text{2}} \\ {\text{D}} \\ \end{array} \] were obtained only for seed size. The ratio of dominance variance to additive variance indicated partial dominance for this character. Except for seed yield, in all other cases these estimates had very high sampling errors. In all cases except pods per inflorescence and seeds per pod high positive estimates of % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGak0dh9WrFfpC0xh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFf% ea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr% 0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaaiaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiqbeo8aZzaaja% qbaeqabiqaaaqcaauaaiaaikdaaKaaGeaacaqGbbaaaaaa!3B30!\[\hat \sigma \begin{array}{*{20}c} 2 \\ {\text{A}} \\ \end{array} \] were obtained.The data indicated that it may be possible to simultaneously improve seed yield and maintain forage yield. Seed yield had positive and significant associations with seed size, seeds per pod and pods per inflorescence. The associations of days to flowering with forage grading (negative) and with pods per inflorescence (positive) were also significant.     

甘白远缘杂交新材料单株产量与农艺性状的相关性分析

为了明确甘白远缘杂交新材料各性状对单株产量影响,促进新材料在育种中的应用,对133个远缘杂交BC₁F₄后代株系的农艺性状,进行了变异分析、相关分析、通径分析和主成份分析。结果表明,远缘杂交后代农艺性状中主序无效角果数变异最大,株高的变异最小。单株产量与株高、分枝高度、主序有效长度、一次分枝数、主序无效角果数、每果粒数和千粒重呈正相关,其中与株高呈极显著关系。影响单株产量的主要性状为株高、分枝高度,二次分枝角果数和主序有效角果数。主成份分析可将相关性状综合为5大类,其中第一、三为产量控制性状,其余依次为株高控制性状、主序控制性状和分枝控制性状。因此,本研究中甘白远缘杂交后代的单株产量主要受株高、分枝高度、二次分枝角果数和主序角果数的影响。本研究结果对于充分利用甘白杂交后代优良性状,选育优良品种提高有价值参考。     

利用混合线性模型分析绿豆主要农艺性状的遗传及相关性

以19个绿豆品种(系)为亲本, 采用非完全双列杂交试验设计及混合线性模型,研究绿豆主要农艺性状的遗传规律及其性状间的相互关系。结果表明, 绿豆全生育日数、株高、主茎节数和百粒重均以加性效应为主, 狭义遗传率较高且达极显著水平;单株荚数、单株产量和总产量的加性效应和显性效应均显著或极显著, 狭义遗传率相对较低;单荚粒数主要受显性效应影响, 广义遗传率较高;播种至开花天数与株高间存在显著或极显著遗传和表型正相关;单株荚数、单荚粒数与百粒重显著或极显著负相关;单株荚数与单株产量、总产量显著或极显著正相关;百粒重与单株产量、总产量相关性不大;针对全生育日数、株高、主茎节数和百粒重的选择可在早期世代进行, 而对产量的选择可以根据单株荚数和单株产量在晚期世代进行。     

锰元素对不同基因型大豆产量的影响

研究施锰对不同基因型大豆产量影响规律。结果表明,高油大豆垦农18,无论拌种还是叶面喷施,随着锰使用量增加,株荚数、单株粒重有上升趋势,株高、百粒重在锰低用量时上升,高用量时下降;高蛋白大豆东农42,无论拌种还是叶面喷施,随着锰使用量增加,株高、株荚数、百粒重、单株粒重有上升趋势。     

花后水肥一体化与化控措施对大豆产量及生理特征的影响

以超高产大豆品种吉育86为试验材料,采用垄上双行的种植模式,研究花后水肥一体化与化控措施对大豆产量及生理特征的影响。结果表明：水肥一体化显著提高大豆产量,R2（盛花期）+R4（盛荚期）（T3）、R4+R5（始粒期）（T4）、R2+R4+R5处理（T5）的增产幅度最大,但3个处理间差异不显著;水肥一体化+化控进一步提升大豆产量,R2+R4+R5结合化学调控处理（T9）的产量最高,达3 780.4kg/hm ²,比对照增产19.25%。通过T5、T9与对照高产生理特征比较表明,T5显著增加了SPAD值、光合参数、叶面积指数、单株生物产量、株高、茎重和百粒重;与T5相比,T9提高了SPAD值和光合参数,并且降低了株高、最大叶面积指数,有效地控制了倒伏,使叶面积指数动态更合理,促进茎、叶、叶柄干物质向籽粒转移,最终增加单株粒重和百粒重,显著增加了产量。说明水肥一体化+化控是提升大豆产量潜力的有效措施,水肥一体化显著增加了单株荚重、单株粒重和百粒重,化控措施对百粒重影响不显著,进一步增加了单株荚重和单株粒重。R2期后进行2~3次水肥处理,并在始花期（R1）化控处理为提高大豆产量的最优措施。