叶面喷施硼肥对猕猴桃产量及品质的影响

以"贵长"猕猴桃为试材,研究了不同水平的硼肥对猕猴桃产量及果实品质的影响。结果表明:高水平的硼肥处理易发生硼中毒,降低猕猴桃产量及品质;适宜水平的硼肥能较好地改善猕猴桃品质,提高猕猴桃产量;其中叶面喷施0.3%硼酸钠效果较好,与对照相比,产量提高17.12%,并提高了维生素C含量16.5%、可溶性总糖含量23.40%,降低了可滴定酸含量15.23%,干物质含量增加2.94百分点、粗蛋白质含量增加0.0049μg/g;且能较好地改善猕猴桃外观品质。综合试验结果,可在4—6月份进行叶面喷施0.3%硼肥1~2次来满足果树对硼营养的需求。     

锌、硼对大白菜农艺性状及品质的影响

在露地栽培条件下,以春秋王大白菜品种为试验材料,研究了叶面喷施不同浓度锌、硼微肥对大白菜生长、产量及品质的影响.研究结果表明.不同浓度锌、硼微肥均能提高VC和可溶性蛋白质的含量,同时降低硝态氮、可溶性糖和游离氨基酸含量;叶面喷施0.3%锌、0.3%硼微量元素肥料时.大白菜植株生长健壮,株型紧凑,单球质量和产量最高,分别...     

硼钼营养对胡萝卜生长及产量的影响

研究了硼钼营养对胡萝卜生长及产量的影响,通过在叶生长期、根膨大期及在两个时期连续喷施9个不同硼钼配比的肥液,发现硼钼配合施用效果好于单施硼,硼又比钼作用更突出些.而在根膨大期采用每升含硼5g、含钼1g的喷肥组合效果最佳.     

不同施肥处理对'清香'核桃产量和品质的影响

以'清香'核桃(Juglans regia)为试材,以节肥节水为目标,通过不同时期施肥,探索施肥时期及次数对'清香'核桃产量和品质的影响,旨在筛选适合山地土壤贫瘠核桃园的施肥时期和次数。结果表明:施肥处理的核桃产量及仁质量、出仁率和营养物质含量显著高于不施肥对照;萌芽期、幼果发育期和果实膨大期3次施肥处理产量、单果质量、种仁质量等高于其它各处理,但萌芽期或幼果发育期、果实膨大期2次施肥,其单果质量、种仁质量及出仁率等指标与3次施肥处理差异不显著;单次施肥处理以萌芽期或果实膨大期为宜,产量及单果质量等显著高于不施肥对照。施肥显著提高山地土壤贫瘠果园核桃产量及果实品质;萌芽期、幼果发育期和果实膨大期3次施肥,或者萌芽期或幼果发育期、果实膨大期2次施肥,增产增质效果显著;单次施肥以萌芽期或果实膨大期最佳。     

叶面喷硒对“美乐”和“赤霞珠”葡萄硒富集和果实品质的影响

以"美乐"和"赤霞珠"葡萄为试材,采用大田试验的方法,设置不同硒浓度(分别为0、100、200、400、800mg·L~(-1))的硒肥,每667m2用量60L,研究了不同生育期叶面喷施硒肥对酿酒葡萄产量、品质及硒含量的影响,确定富硒酿酒葡萄硒肥施用的最佳时期和施用量,以期为富硒葡萄酒酿造提供原料。结果表明:在葡萄果实不同生育期叶面喷施不同浓度的硒肥均能提高"美乐"和"赤霞珠"的单粒质量、横纵径、可溶性固形物含量和维生素C含量,且随着施肥量的增加表现为先增加后降低。在果实膨大期,叶面喷硒量为200mg·L~(-1)时的效果最佳,"美乐"和"赤霞珠"的果实单粒质量、横径、纵径和维生素C含量、可溶性固形物含量分别比对照(清水)提高了28.6%、15.4%、13.7%、72.6%、16.43%和23.0%、11.8%、12.9%、71.4%、22.3%。在果实膨大期,喷硒浓度为200mg·L~(-1)时产量达到最大,此时"美乐"和"赤霞珠"的产量分别比对照高了10.2%和9.1%。在安全范围内,酿酒葡萄果实膨大期喷硒肥200mg·L~(-1)时富硒效果最佳,此时"美乐"和"赤霞珠"籽、皮和葡萄果浆的硒含量与对照相比,分别提高了342.2%、954.9%、3 311%和352.3%、1 518.9%、2 818%。综上所述,"美乐"和"赤霞珠"葡萄叶面最适喷施硒肥时期为果实膨大期,最适喷施浓度为200mg·L~(-1)。     

树冠喷施硼肥和钙肥对“黄金蜜柚”果实品质的影响

在树体缺乏钙、硼营养的"黄金蜜柚"果园中,以树冠喷清水为对照,比较了不同浓度硼肥(必达姆硼,硼含量21%)和钙肥(必达姆钙,液体钙,钙含量170g/L)单独和配合喷施对果实外观品质、内在品质、果肉着色、裂瓣及汁胞粒化的影响。结果表明,合理喷施硼肥和钙肥能够使"黄金蜜柚"果实增大,可食率提高,裂瓣率和粒化指数下降,可溶性固形物、维生素C和总糖含量提高,可滴定酸含量降低,果肉着色向着更深、更红、更黄、更亮的方向转变。综合果实外观和内在品质,以在"黄金蜜柚"开花前、谢花后、幼果期和果实膨大期喷施必达姆硼1 000倍液+必达姆钙600倍液的效果最佳。     

喷施“微量元素水溶肥料”对奈李产量与品质的影响

为了探明微量元素肥料对奈李产量与品质的影响,对奈李花芽分化期、开花前期、幼果期、膨大期、成熟转色期各喷施1次Zn+Mo≥100g/L的水溶性叶面肥料。结果表明:喷施"微量元素水溶肥料"能显著增加奈李产量,还可以提高其可食率、可溶性固形物和还原糖等果实品质。     

不同时期喷施不同硒源对葡萄硒吸收分配的影响

以恩施特产的"关口"葡萄为试验材料,通过不同时期喷施不同形态硒肥,研究葡萄产量、植株各部位硒含量、果实各部分硒累积分配的差异及品质变化。结果表明,同一喷施时期,硒酸钠处理的果实各部位硒含量是亚硒酸钠处理的1.4~2.4倍;同一硒源,果实膨大期喷施的果肉和种子硒含量分别是糖分累积期喷施的1.3~1.9和1.2~2.0倍,果皮硒含量则不及糖分累积期喷施的80%;果实膨大期喷硒,果皮、果肉和种子的硒积累分配率分别约为32%、57%和11%,而糖分累积期喷施时果皮硒积累分配率增加了约16个百分点,果肉中降低了约14个百分点;施硒对葡萄产量、果实维生素C及可溶性固形物无显著性影响。根据中国居民食用葡萄以果肉为主的习惯,生产富葡萄时在葡萄生长前期(果实膨大期)喷施硒酸盐更为高效。     

秸秆源提取物不同喷施时期对日光温室番茄生长、产量和品质的影响

为了探索秸秆源提取物在番茄上的适宜的喷施时期,以冬春茬日光温室番茄"皇家优秀"为试材,研究了秸秆源提取物不同施用时期对番茄生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:喷施秸秆源提取物后能够促进番茄植株生长,番茄产量略有增加,其中T1(初花期)处理产量最高为8 190kg/667m2;喷施后番茄果实品质显著提高,T1(初花期)、T2(坐果期)和T3(果实膨大期)处理与CK相比,维生素C含量分别提高59.2%、36.0%、39.7%;可溶性糖含量分别提高41.4%、37.3%、34.4%,番茄红素含量分别提高53.4%、17.7%和28.3%,处理间达到了显著性差异。综合产量和品质等指标,T1处理(初花期)是该试验条件下番茄种植中秸秆源提取物较适宜的施用时期。     

无核黄皮叶片镁硼的周年变化对其产量和品质的影响

测定广东郁南无核黄皮叶片镁硼养分的变化动态,对其与产量和品质的相关性进行分析。结果表明,在传统氮磷钾施肥方式下,无核黄皮叶片镁硼养分含量在不同物候期之间存在显著的差异。在整个年度周期中,叶片镁、硼浓度对果实产量和品质的影响较大。除秋梢期外,其相关性均达到显著水平,而且开花期叶片镁浓度与果实产量的相关性最高。由此可知,在整个生育期中,叶片中镁营养与产量具有显著正相关性。镁与可溶性固形物浓度呈负相关;硼与可溶性糖浓度呈正相关;镁、硼与维生素C浓度呈负相关。镁、硼与柠檬酸浓度呈正相关。初步确定3月即无核黄皮的始花期作为营养诊断最佳采样时期,同时施用镁硼肥能够提高无核黄皮产量和改善品质。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

石榴的栽培和病虫害防治

一、栽培技术 1、繁殖和栽植石榴枝条极易生根，可用扦插、压条和分株多种方法繁殖苗木，生产上多用扦插法。插条以充实饱满的二年生枝最好，插条长约20cm，下端剪成马耳形，并将其上小枝剪除。发育健壮的一年生枝也可用作插条，老龄枝条插后成活率低，不宜应用。