灵芝、银杏固体发酵茶的研制

本产品是利用灵芝菌丝在以银杏茶、绿茶及一些辅助原料的培养基中生长,设定几个不同配方的茶培养基,通过测定菌丝的生长情况以选定一个最优的茶培养基配方,既为最佳的灵芝、银杏固体发酵茶的配方.经多次试验研究,本产品达到了几种茶叶与灵芝菌丝有机结合的目的,从而制成了新型的具有较高食药用价值的灵芝、银杏固体发酵茶.     

药食用菌发酵茶通过鉴定

一项利用福建当地食用菌和茶叶资源优势开发特色功能性茶钦料的科研项目———《药、食用菌工程发酵茶研究》 ,于不久前通过鉴定。药、食用菌发酵茶是以中低档乌龙茶为主原料 ,添加少量天然可食用辅料 ,接种驯化过的适宜在茶叶基质中生长的灵芝、猴头、茯苓和冬虫夏草等药、食用菌菌种 ,经固体发酵工艺培养而成。药、食用菌工程发酵茶不是药、食用菌与茶叶的简单混合 ,而是药、食用菌菌丝在茶叶基质上充分发酵生长 ,是茶和菌的自然融合。专家一致认为 ,以茶叶为主要培养基质 ,接种药、食用菌菌种 ,按固体发酵工艺培养 ,研制出多种药、食用菌…     

茶叶酶的活性对乌龙茶做青技术的影响

乌龙茶亦称青茶,属半发酵茶,是中国六大茶中独具鲜明的茶叶品类。本文概述了各类茶对酶的处理,分析了茶叶酶的活性对乌龙茶做青技术影响及做青方法。     

猴头菌母种培养基配方比较试验

以长刺一号,猴丰一号作为猴头菌母种的供试菌株,在10种培养基上培养观察,挑选出最适猴头菌母种生长的培养基。结果表明,猴头菌母种在马铃薯综合培养基上生长状况最好。     

灵芝液体发酵条件研究及保健饮料的研制

试验对灵芝液体发酵培养基的氮源、碳源及其最适浓度、初始pH、发酵温度、发酵时间和灵芝液体发酵饮料的生产工艺进行了研究。结果表明,灵芝液体最适发酵为：氮、碳源分别为蛋白胨、葡萄糖,碳源浓度为3％,培养基初始pH 6．5,发酵温度为28℃,发酵时问5 d。通过正交实验,确定了灵芝液体发酵保健饮料的最佳配方：灵芝发酵液14．3％,甜味剂5％,柠檬酸0．02％。研制出了符合食品卫生标准的灵芝液体发酵保健饮料。     

野生灵芝JXLZ-3菌株生物学特性研究

为了解一株野生灵芝菌株（JXLZ-3）的生物学特性,进行菌丝培养温度、培养基pH、培养基碳源、培养基氮源比较试验。结果表明,培养温度为15～30℃,灵芝JXLZ-3菌株菌丝均能生长,最适生长温度为30℃;在pH 4～11培养基中JXLZ-3菌株菌丝均能生长,最适pH为5;在以果糖或蔗糖为碳源的培养基上JXLZ-3菌株菌丝长速较快、长势较好,培养基最适碳源为果糖;在以酵母粉、硝酸铵、硫酸铵为氮源的培养基上JXLZ-3菌株菌丝生长良好,培养基最适氮源为酵母粉。     

冬虫夏草发酵茶发酵条件的试验

冬虫夏草Cordyceps sinensis(Berk.)Sacc.是一种珍贵的药用真菌,具有较高的医药、保健和经济价值;乌龙茶是一种名贵的半发酵茶,具有止渴生津、提神等功效。如何使以昆虫为主要寄主的冬虫夏草菌能够在以茶为主的基质上生长,将二者有机地结合在一起,即以茶为主原料,接种冬虫夏草菌,使其发酵,获得色泽、形状、汤色、味道、功效等方面有特色的新型嗜好饮料——冬虫夏草发酵茶,开拓茶叶市场,意义重大。     

利用茶枝条设施化栽培富硒灵芝的研究

通过利用农业废弃物茶枝条及不同浓度的无机硒进行培养基配方的灵芝栽培筛选,筛选出能最大化利用茶枝条,同时灵芝的有机硒含量高的培养基配方.通过灵芝设施化栽培,满足灵芝生长的最佳条件,提高灵芝的产量及品质.通过利用无公害栽培技术保证灵芝产品的安全性.     

灵芝优良菌株选育初报

对日赤芝进行不同分离部位比较试验,对分离筛选获得的两菌株(延特1号、延特2号)进行培养基筛选及栽培比较,结果表明:灵芝最佳分离部位为菌柄基部;最适培养基为营养液培养基;延特1号为试验筛选出的最佳灵芝菌种。     

灵芝发酵茶研制初报

目前市场上已有多种灵芝茶产品,其中有的只有灵芝而没有茶叶,有的虽有茶叶和灵芝两种成分,但只是茶叶与灵芝简单的拼配。笔者研究的灵芝发酵茶,是继 1 995～ 1 997年与日本株式会社伊藤圆中央研究所合作研制冬虫夏草发酵茶之后,研制的新产品。本研究利用灵芝菌在茶叶基质中培养而成,使茶叶与灵芝有机的结合,成新型灵芝保健茶,为茶叶的深加工提供新的途径。1　灵芝发酵茶的工艺1 1　菌质的制备　灵芝菌在茶叶组成的固体发酵基质上生长,对基质进行分解并摄取所需营养,同时也合成新成分如灵芝多糖等,一方面基质为菌丝体生长提供营…     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.