茶藨生柱锈菌寄主遗传多样性研究

运用随机扩增多态DNA (RAPD)标记对分布于我国4省6病区63份茶藨生柱锈菌寄主红松和华山松进行遗传多样性分析.用6个随机引物对寄主松针进行PCR扩增,共得到138个DNA位点,其中多态位点117个,多态位点比率为84.78%,RAPD的Shannon指数遗传多样性为0.315 5,RAPD的Nei指数基因分化系数为0.525 5.不同来源寄主的遗传多态性规律顺序:辽宁清原红松＞云南洱源华山松＞山西沁水华山松＞云南巧家华山松＞四川广元华山松＞云南东川华山松.从RAPD聚类分析树状图可以看出,先将63个松针样品分成2个不同的RAPD组群(红松组群和华山松组群),然后又将不同地理来源的华山松组群按地理区域分成5个亚群,同一采集的华山松亚群中又分成感病组和抗病组.研究表明,种间的遗传多样性是由种的遗传属性所决定的,而地理因素只是影响种内遗传多样性的一个因子.     

茶藨生柱锈菌锈孢子形态分化研究

本研究从我国辽宁、云南、四川、山西等4省6地的五针松疱锈病发病林分中采集茶藨生柱锈菌锈孢子,对其形态分化进行了系统的研究。结果表明:我国茶藨生柱锈菌在形态上存在分化现象。锈孢子大小为21.10~40.10×14.97~29.40μm之间,变幅较大,其中辽宁清原红松上的锈孢子最小(18.72~30.73×16.04~24.07μm)。锈孢子的超微形态结构也存在差异,红松上的锈孢子的疣突基部和顶部基本一样宽,而华山松上锈孢子疣突的基部比顶部稍宽;不同病区华山松疱锈菌环纹数、疣突的排列和间距不一。寄主在病原菌的变异中发挥着积极的促进作用。     

茶藨生柱锈菌锈孢子生物学特性研究

用6个不同地点的五针松疱锈病病原菌锈孢子作温度、相对湿度、酸碱度、营养条件及光照条件5个因素下的孢子萌发实验,结果表明:锈孢子的萌发率普遍低,一般不超过10%;在0~35℃均可以萌发,最适的温度是20~30℃,但不同来源地的孢子最适温度有一定的差别;相对湿度10%以上锈孢子都可以萌发,以50%~75%的萌发率最高;锈孢子萌发适应的pH值范围较广,以pH值6~9较适宜,但以中性的酸碱度最佳;光暗交替对孢子萌发有利,营养条件对萌发的影响不明显,各种浸汁对萌发率影响不大。经方差分析,在最适的温湿度和酸碱度条件下,各地的锈孢子萌发率差异显著;在不同的营养条件和光照条件下,锈孢子萌发率差异不明显。     

红果茶藨子果实优异资源的初步筛选

2014?2019年,选择树龄超过3年的红果茶藨子为调查对象,主要以收集具有优良性状的种质为主,共收集具有详细记录的种质资源342份,其中果实优异种质资源个体45个.调查分析结果表明,穆棱组、新疆阿勒泰组的优良单株综合表现较好,在提高坐果率、抗病虫等方面还要继续研究.红果茶藨子优良单株主要经济性状变异系数为11.46％...     

四川马尾松疱锈病病原菌及转主寄主的初步研究

马尾松疱锈病是我省马尾松中幼林分的毁灭性枝干病害。经系列实验证明马尾松疱锈病菌的转主寄主为芍药科的山芍药（ Ｐａｅｏｎｉａ ｏｂｏｖａｔａ Ｈａｘｉｍ ），病原菌为松芍柱锈菌（ Ｃｒｏｎａｒｔｉｕｍ ｆｌａｃｃｉｄｕｍ （ Ａｌｂ． ｅｔ Ｓｃｈｗ ．） Ｗ ｉｎｔｅｒ）。     

中国3种松干锈菌在随机扩增DNA多态性水平上的遗传分化

用ＲＡＰＤ手段分析了我国３种松干锈菌Ｃｒｏｎａｒｔｉｕｍｒｉｂｉｃｏｌａ、Ｃ．ｆｌａｃｃｉｄｕｍ及Ｃ．ｑｕｅｒｃｕｕｍ在ＤＮＡ水平上的遗传分化。用５个随机引物从１０个菌株（含１个不同属参照菌株）中检测出５１个多态ＤＮＡ片段进行聚类分析,３种锈菌清晰地显示为不同类群,此结果为传统分类的成立提供了分子遗传学证据。３种锈菌中Ｃ．ｒｉｂｉｃｏｌａ和Ｃ．ｆｌａｃｉｄｕｍ的亲缘关系较近,这同由症状和冬孢子寄主反映出的相似关系一致。种内菌株间存在遗传差异,但其程度小于种间差异。锈孢子及冬孢子寄主都不同的Ｃ．ｆｌａｃｉｄｕｍ菌株间差异明显,可能反映着专化型分化的遗传学基础。不同松树寄主的Ｃ．ｑｕｅｒｃｕｕｍ菌株间也存在差异,暗示我国的Ｃ．ｑｕｅｒｃｕｕｍ同北美一样存在对松类的寄生专化性分化。研究结果还提示松干锈菌的遗传分化主要同寄主有关,而与地理分布关系不大。     

华山松球蚜生物学特性的研究

华山松球蚜 (PineusarmandicolaZhang)是华山松 (PinusarmandiFranch)的重要食叶性害虫。本文以云南省昆明市东川区 2 2 2林场为研究试验点 ,对华山松球蚜的生物学特性进行了系统观察研究 ,首次发现了华山松球蚜的第一寄主丽江云杉 (Picealikiangensis (Franch .)E .Pritz .)和其有性世代。华山松球蚜有完整的生活周期即有有性世代 (以前研究者所观察到的华山松球蚜仅有无性世代 ) ,它在两种寄主华山松和丽江云杉上完成一个完整的生活周期。在有丽江云杉的情况下 ,华山松球蚜以伪干母产的一部份卵孵化的具翅性母飞到丽江云杉上 ,产生有性蚜。有性蚜两性生殖产卵孵化为干母 ,以 2～ 3龄若虫在丽江云杉叶鞘中越冬。干母产卵孵化的若虫在丽江云杉上取食形成虫瘿 ,并产生瘿蚜。虫瘿破裂后具翅瘿蚜又飞到华山松上产卵 ,产生伪干母 ,伪干母 2龄若虫在华山松叶鞘和树皮缝中越冬 ,完成完整的生活周期 ;在没有丽江云杉的情况下 ,华山松球蚜以伪干母产的另一部份卵孵化为留守型侨蚜在华山松上以孤雌生殖方式不断循环完成部分生活史 ,每年最多发生 6代 ,且世代重叠     

Distribution and frequency of Cronartium flaccidum on Melampyrum spp. in permanent sample plots in Finland

Abstract

In 2006, the distribution and frequency of pine stem rust Cronartium flaccidum was studied on Melampyrum spp. in permanent sample plots of an EU forest health monitoring program and of a BioSoil program in Finland. The frequency of Melampyrum spp. infected with C. flaccidum was low, but the rust was recorded in new locations of eastern Finland. No uredinia of C. flaccidum were observed in samples collected from over 700 plots. Telia were common on Melampyrum sylvaticum but were occasionally also found on Melampyrum pratense and Melampyrum nemorosum. Melampyrum pratense was the most common species growing in plots on mainly dry sites. Melampyrum sylvaticum was seldom detected, suggesting that alternate hosts are absent from northern Finland or that the current sample plot network is too sparse for effective disease monitoring in the north. No relationship between C. flaccidum, Melampyrum spp. and rust incidence in host trees was observed, which implies that the autoecious Peridermium pini is a more likely pathogen than C. flaccidum locally. Because plots containing M. sylvaticum occur almost solely in southern Finland, the plots with M. sylvaticum reflect the best changes in rust epidemics in that area. In the future, nutrient-rich sites containing M. sylvaticum may serve as a source of rust epidemics. It is unlikely that C. flaccidum will spread to dry sites via M. pratense.     

Effect of Cronartium quercuum on cell chromosome ofXingkai Lake pine

lntroductionXingkaiLakepine(PinustakahassiNakai)distributedoveraIittleregionbetweenSuifenRiverandXingkaiLakeinNortheastofChina.lnrecentyears,XingkaiLakepineisheavilyinfectedbyCronarfaimquercuum,theincidenceofthisdiseasehasincreasedto98%insomefof6stareas.Thediseasegreatlyaffectedtree'sfruitgrowingandnaturaIregeneration.Ac-cordingtotheinvestigation,each2~3year-oldhealthytreehas13oconesonaverage,itsnaturalregenerationrateis45%forhealthyforest,whiIethatofIightinfectedforestandnewlyinjectedfo…     

马尾松、华山松容器育苗施肥研究

研究容器苗施肥方案,其结果是马尾松速生期肥料比例,N、P、K为3∶2∶1,即Co(NH2)21 600 mg/L、Ca(H2PO4)24 000 mg/L、K2SO4800 mg/L,生长后期以3∶2∶2为佳,在苗龄40 d开始施肥。华山松生长期肥料比例以N、P、K为3∶2∶2,即Co(NH2)21 600 mg/L、Ca(H2PO4)24 000 mg/L、K2SO41 660 mg/L,在苗龄40 d开始施肥。     

A Reappraisal of the Importance of Cronartium ribicola on Pinus strobus in Great Britain

Because of the possibility of serious infection by Cronartiumribicola (White pine blister rust), Pinus strobus, the Weymouthpine, is now very rarely planted in British forests. An assessment,in 1962, in a number of experimental forest plots of P. strobusestablished in 1953 and 1954 showed that initial infection ofthe trees while growing in the nursery may be an important factorin causing later damage and losses in the forest. The resultsalso indicated that the risk of infection in plantation cropsas a result of spore dispersal from black currants in the localityis much lower than is generally thought. It is suggested thatif P. strobus is raised in nurseries which are relatively isolatedfrom currants and if protective chemical spraying against thedisease in the nursery is carried out, the incidence of infectionin plantations at least half a mile from the nearest currantsis likely to be low. The disease cannot spread within a pinecrop by direct transmission from tree to tree.     

Relative Susceptibility of Four Melampyrum Species to Cronartium flaccidum

The relative susceptibility of Melampyrum arvense, M. pratense, M. sylvaticum and M. nemorosum to Cronartium flaccidum was investigated by artificial inoculations. Uredinia and telia were artificially produced on plants from sown seed or transplanted from the wild in the greenhouse. This is the first report in which C. flaccidum telia were artificially produced on leaves of whole plants of M. arvense and M. pratense, the first report of successful artificial disease establishment on M. arvense and the first report of telia production on the upper surface of Melampyrum leaves. As an earlier unreported observation, telia were occasionally formed on both upper and lower leaf surfaces of M. arvense, M. sylvaticum and M. pratense. Host species, spore source and their interaction each affected some aspects of disease development. Melampyrum arvense and M. sylvaticum were the most susceptible hosts, while M. nemorosum was least susceptible. Melampyrum arvense should be considered a potentially important alternate host of C. flaccidum with its limited area of distribution.     

毕节地区华山松害虫种类调查

对华山松害虫种类进行专题调查,初步查清华山松害虫24种,线虫4种,分属2个纲,8个目,20个科,共28种.