三种鸡马立克氏病疫苗免疫效果浅析

马立克氏病（Marek’。Disease,简称MD）是严重危害养鸡业的主要传染病之一。预防接种是控制该病的有效手段。但是近年来在有些以HVT疫苗免疫过的鸡群中,MD发病率仍然较高。本文就以MD单价苗、二价苗和三价苗免疫不同的鸡群所产生的不同效果进行观察与分析。正材料与方法1．二疫苗单价苗为HVT冻干疫苗,病毒为血清皿型HVT－FC126株,由南京生物制品厂生产。二价苗为MDVI型几株和HVT－FC126珠制备的细胞苗,由江苏家禽研究所生产、三价苗为MDV致弱株814株、Z＃和HVT－FC126组成的细胞苗,由哈尔滨兽医研究所生产。1．2试验…     

影响鸡马立克氏病疫苗免疫效果的因素及其防制

鸡马立克氏病是由疱疹病毒引起鸡所有器官、组织生成淋巴肿瘤的传染病。本病具有传播速度决、传播面广、潜伏期长等特点。患急性内脏型鸡马立克病的鸡群淘汰及死亡率高达10～80％不等。本病70年代在上海郊区流行。80年代初开绐,自推广应用上海松江兽医生物药品厂生产的鸡马立克氏病疫苗后,对郊区防止马立克氏病的发生起了很大作用。近年来虽然对种蛋鸡进行了马立克疫苗接种,但此病在上海郊县部分养鸡场时有发生,严重威胁着养鸡生产,少数场经济损失惨重。导致发生     

鸡马立克氏病疫苗概述

鸡马立克氏病(MD)是由疱疹病毒引起的淋巴组织增生性肿瘤疾病。预防接种是控制MD的有效手段。自1970年MD疫苗问世和应用以来,由MD造成的损失大大地减少了。如果按照1970年预防接种之前MD发病率计算,1983年美国应有6100万只鸡受MD肿瘤侵害,而实际上这一年仅360万只鸡发病,预防保护率达94％。     

用鸡胚检测鸡马立克氏病疫苗的免疫效果

将火鸡疱疹病毒（ＨＶＴ）疫苗接种于鸡胚卵黄囊、然后检查绒毛尿囊膜（ＣＡＭ）上病毒痘斑（以下简称“痘斑”）生长情况,以此作为ＨＶＴ疫苗免疫前效力检测的手段,得到满意效果。１材料与方法１．１ＭＤ强毒（ｖＭＤＶ）分离自本公司某鸡场严重感染ＭＤ鸡的血液,经原北京农业大学鉴定为一株ｖＭＤＶ。历年采购的国产和进口ＨＶＴ疫苗３０批次,分甲、乙、丙３组进行观察。１．２经血清学检查（ＭＤ-ＡＧＰ）并证明无ＭＤ抗体的种鸡所产种蛋,按常规方法,孵育到４～５ｄ的鸡胚用于接种;卵黄囊接种已稀释好的ＨＶＴ疫苗,每份ＨＶＴ疫苗分１,２…     

鸡马立克氏病疫苗免疫的保护机理

实验用ＭＤ三价疫苗和ＨＶＴ疫苗分别接种１日龄雏鸡，以未接种雏鸡为对照，１５日龄用ＭＤ强毒攻击，攻毒后５、２５、４５、７５日检测其免疫保护指数，脾脏、Ｔ细胞ＩＬ－２诱生活性、ＩＬ－２Ｒ表达及增殖功能、胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体、哈德尔腺、支气管粘膜淋巴组织中Ｔ细胞和抗体生成细胞数量，外周血液中Ｔ细胞数量及ＩｇＧ，ＩｇＭ，ＩｇＡ含量，泪液、气管液、肠液、胆汁中ＩｇＡ，ＩｇＧ，ＩｇＭ含量的动态变化。     

Vaccination of day-old broiler chicks against Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease using commercial live and/or inactivated vaccines

Day-old broilers were administered live and/or inactivated vaccines to assess vaccine efficacy against challenge with Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bursal disease (IBD). Chicks were from commercial breeder pullets vaccinated against ND and IBD using several live vaccine primers followed by an inactivated ND-IBD vaccine at 18 weeks. The most efficacious initial ND-IBD vaccination program was live ND virus by eye drop and live IBD vaccine injected subcutaneously (SQ) followed 2 hours later with inactivated ND-IBD vaccine SQ. The next two most efficacious programs were live vaccine alone and the inactivated vaccine only. Inactivated vaccine given SQ had no adverse effect on live IBD vaccine given 2 hours earlier in a similar site. Administration of inactivated vaccine by vent was not as efficacious as administration SQ. A booster of a second live ND-IBD vaccine drinking water at 18 days significantly increased levels of circulating antibody, regardless of the initial vaccination program.     

Field efficacy of different vaccines against infectious bursal disease in broiler flocks

A field study was performed to determine the efficacy of three commercially available vaccines against infectious bursal disease (IBD) in commercial broilers raised in a high IBD virus (IBDV) risk area. Live attenuated intermediate and intermediate plus vaccines were used in four flocks. Birds were vaccinated orally at the estimated vaccination time. Three broiler flocks were vaccinated subcutaneously with a turkey herpesvirus (HVT)-IBD vector vaccine at one day old. Evaluation of the efficacy of different vaccines was focused on humoral immune response, bursa/body weight (B/Bw) ratio, molecular detection of IBDV in ileocaecal tonsils and bursa of Fabricius, and production parameters. The serological results showed that although the uptake of all three vaccine strains was confirmed in the lymphoid organs, no significant antibody response to vaccination was detected in flocks vaccinated with intermediate and intermediate plus vaccines. A significant increase in antibody titres detected in flocks vaccinated with the vector vaccine indicated its ability to induce an immune response in birds with a high level of maternally derived antibodies. Observations obtained in this field trial did not confirm the expected reduction of the B/Bw ratio in flocks vaccinated with less attenuated vaccines. No significant differences were observed between birds vaccinated with the vector vaccine and those immunised with the intermediate plus vaccine. Very virulent IBDV was confirmed in the flock vaccinated with the intermediate vaccine. The infection induced reduced B/Bw and moderate mortality but did not affect the production parameters. Field infection was not detected in broilers vaccinated with the intermediate plus vaccine and the vector vaccine.     

Vaccination of one-day-old broiler chicks against infectious coryza

In order to evaluate the protection conferred by an experimental inactivated vaccine against infectious coryza, three challenge trials were undertaken using 112 1-day-old broilers. The vaccine "Hepa Inmuno NC" included bacterial antigens of Avibacterium paragallinarum (serogroups A, B, variant B, and C) as well as antigens of Newcastle virus and hepatitis virus. Fifty-six broiler chicks were vaccinated at the first day of life at the hatchery while another 56 chicks were left unvaccinated. Three infection trials were conducted simultaneously using each of the three serogroups A, B, or C of Av. paragallinarum. In each trial, 17 vaccinated and 17 unvaccinated broilers were used. Challenge was performed at day 31 of life by injection, into the left infraorbital sinus, of approximately 1 x 10(5) colony forming units of the corresponding Av. paragallinarum strain. Clinical signs were recorded on day 2 postchallenge. All broilers were euthanatized and both infraorbital sinuses were bacteriologically examined for the presence of Av. paragallinarum on day 5 postchallenge. In comparison with the unvaccinated broilers, the vaccine significantly reduced the number of broilers with clinical signs after challenge with serogroup B, and significantly fewer vaccinated broilers were positive for the presence of Av. paragallinarum after challenge with serogroup C. On the other hand, no significant protection was observed when broilers were challenged with Av. paragallinarum from serogroup A. Despite the high infection rates in vaccinated chicks after an experimental infection with Av. paragallinarum, it was possible to reduce colonization of Av. paragallinarum (serogroup B) and clinical signs (serogroup C) in broiler chicks by vaccination at the first day of life. Further cross-protection trials should be done, including other Av. paragallinarum strains in the vaccine, especially those from serogroup A.     

新城疫疫苗对SPF鸡和商业肉鸡的免疫学效力分析

将不同新城疫病毒疫苗免疫SPF鸡和商业用肉鸡,对免疫后抗体水平变化和对野毒株攻击的保护率进行了监测。利用Clone30、F48E8和NXF3单联苗和联苗免疫过的SPF和商业肉鸡,对105EID50两次攻毒保护率均为100%;而只用LaSota疫苗免疫的SPF鸡保护率为40%。试验数据表明,分离株NXF3具有较好的免疫原性和对强毒攻击的保护,可以作为候选疫苗用于商业肉鸡。     

Serological response in broiler chicks to different commercial Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis vaccines.

Broiler chicks were administered vaccines against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis (both Arkansas and Massachusetts strains) at 2 weeks of age as either primary or secondary vaccinations. The vaccine was administered as a spray at 2 weeks of age to chicks that had received Newcastle disease vaccine alone, bronchitis vaccine alone, both vaccines in combination, or no vaccine at day 1 in the hatchery. The Newcastle disease hemagglutination-inhibition response was significantly lower in chicks receiving Newcastle disease vaccine as a secondary vaccine at 2 weeks than in those receiving the vaccine as a primary vaccination at that age. In contrast, the bronchitis hemagglutination-inhibition response was significantly higher in chicks receiving bronchitis vaccine as a secondary vaccination at 2 weeks than in those receiving the vaccine as a primary vaccination at that age.     

黄羽肉种鸡新城疫免疫的疫苗和免疫方法选择

鸡新城疫I系和Lasota系活疫苗,通过饮水、滴眼鼻、喷雾和注射方式免疫,均可取得良好的免疫效果,根据具体情况选择使用。鸡新城疫油乳剂苗与活疫苗同时使用,可提高HI滴度,延长持续期,改善抗体均匀度,通过免疫监测结果调整免疫程序,避免盲目性。     

4个厂家不同批次猪瘟疫苗免疫效果比较试验

在同一条件下对4个厂家生产的8个批次的猪瘟原代细胞苗进行了免疫效果评价试验,并与猪瘟传代细胞苗免疫效果进行比较。结果发现4个厂家生产的猪瘟原代细胞苗二次免疫效果较好,但部分厂家存在批间差异、质量不稳定现象。猪瘟传代细胞苗免疫效果优于猪瘟原代细胞苗。     

Vaccination results of four highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome live vaccines manufactured by four different

对广东省2011年政府招标的4个厂家生产的高致病性猪蓝耳病活疫苗（JXAl-R株）进行免疫效果比较试验。随机选取115头32天龄,猪蓝耳病病毒核酸阴性的健康仔猪,随机分成4组,于免疫前0d,免疫后28d、48d、66d、86d、106d和126d分别进行采血,采用法国LSI公司猪蓝耳病抗体ELISA试剂盒进行抗体检测,比较4个厂家生产疫苗的免疫效果。检测结果表明,4个厂家生产的高致病性猪蓝耳病活疫苗（JXAl－R株）免疫效果都比较好,无明显不良反应,免疫持续期长,一次免疫后126d抗体阳性率仍在75％以上。     

四个不同厂家高致病性猪蓝耳病活疫苗(JXA1-R株)免疫效果比较试验

对广东省2011年政府招标的4个厂家生产的高致病性猪蓝耳病活疫苗(J XA1-R株)进行免疫效果比较试验。随机选取115头32天龄,猪蓝耳病病毒核酸阴性的健康仔猪,随机分成4组,于免疫前0 d,免疫后28 d、48 d、66 d、86 d、106 d和126 d分别进行采血,采用法国LSI公司猪蓝耳病抗体ELISA试剂盒进行抗体检测,比较4个厂家生产疫苗的免疫效果。检测结果表明,4个厂家生产的高致病性猪蓝耳病活疫苗(J XA1-R株)免疫效果都比较好,无明显不良反应,免疫持续期长,一次免疫后126d抗体阳性率仍在75%以上。