利用天然四倍体泥鳅生产全三倍体泥鳅的初步研究

2008～2009年利用从湖北省引进的天然四倍体(雄)泥鳅与当地的二倍体(雌)泥鳅杂交,进行全三倍体泥鳅培育的初步研究。结果表明,杂交组(2n×4n)平均受精率、孵化率、成活率分别为54.69%、80.64%、56.64%;对照组(2n×2n)分别为76.23%、82.97%、79.44%。早期胚胎染色体倍性鉴定结果表明,杂交组后代染色体数为71~75条,视为100%三倍体。6月龄时对其杂交后代进行流式细胞仪检测,均为100%三倍体。研究结果表明,利用湖北省洪湖市四倍体泥鳅与当地的二倍体泥鳅杂交能产生100%全三倍体泥鳅,这种生物杂交的方法操作简单、方法可靠,是生产全三倍体泥鳅的最佳途径。     

许氏平鲉微卫星标记的开发及评价

采用磁珠富集法筛选具多态性的许氏平鲉微卫星标记,并用一个野生群体对其多态性进行了评价。三引物PCR法筛选出58个阳性克隆进行了测序,共得到47个含微卫星核心的DNA序列,筛选出15对具有多态性的微卫星引物。所有位点上共得到66个等位基因片段,每个位点的观测等位基因数(A)为2~14个,平均等位基因数为4.4,观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)范围分别为0.062 5~0.968 8、0.061 5~0.929 1。每个位点的多态信息含量(PIC)显示,有6个位点表现出高度或中度多态。经Bonferroni校正后,HJ2-32、HJ4-27、HJ4-45和HJ4-47四个位点的等位基因频率显著偏离了Hardy-Weinberg平衡。连锁不平衡检测表明,各位点间无连锁不平衡现象。     

Microsatellites reveal strong genetic structure in the common cutworm,Spodoptera litura

The common cutworm, Spodoptera litura(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a voracious agricultural pest. To increase understanding of the migration patterns and genetic diversity of different geographic populations of this species, we analyzed genetic variation in nine microsatellite loci among 576 individuals collected from 17 locations in China and one in Myanmar during 2011–2012. We successfully identified 162 alleles, with an average of 18 alleles per locus and a range of 5 to 34. The mean observed heterozygosity of the 18 populations ranged from 0.18 to 0.98, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.19 to 0.89. For the nine microsatellite markers studied, polymorphism information content ranged from 0.18 to 0.88(mean=0.64). We found low genetic differentiation among the 18 populations(mean F-statistics(F_(ST))=0.05) and high genetic diversity among individuals. Principle coordinates analysis indicated no significant correlation between geographic and genetic distance(r=0.04). The value of N_m(N_m4) estimated using coalescent-based methods suggests strong gene flow with migration. The nine microsatellite markers identified in this study will be beneficial for further investigation of migration patterns and genetic diversity in S. litura.     

德国镜鲤和不同倍性泥鳅银染核型的比较研究

采用PHA体内二次注射法及快速银染法对德国镜鲤和不同倍性的泥鳅进行银染核型的比较研究。结果表明,德国镜鲤中期分裂相及间期核中呈现出Ag-NORs的数目为1～2个,含有2个Ag-NORs频率最高,分别为80%和56%。二倍体泥鳅中期分裂相及间期核中呈现出Ag-NORs的数目为1～2个,含有2个Ag-NORs频率最高,分别为72%和60%。四倍体泥鳅中期分裂相及间期核中呈现出Ag-NORs的数目为1～4个,中期分裂相中含有3个Ag-NORs,频率最高为36%,间期核中含有2个Ag-NORs,频率最高为40%。德国镜鲤2n=100,核型组成为30m+26sm+30st+14t,NF=156。NOR的染色体在核型中位置和NORs在染色体上的位置是:sm组第8号染色体的短臂末端。二倍体和四倍体泥鳅NOR的染色体在核型中位置和NORs在染色体上的位置均是:m组第1号染色体的短臂末端。研究结果证实德国镜鲤与中国鲤鱼一样,是多倍化后经历二倍化过程演变而来,是二倍化的四倍体,即染色体数目为2n=100。四倍体泥鳅进行加倍后未发生二倍化或在二倍过程中,是遗传四倍体,染色体数目为4n=100。     

Analysis of the Genetic Diversity and Origin of Some Chinese Domestic Duck Breeds

Twelve fluorescence-labeled microsatellite markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 12 domestic duck breeds and 2 wild duck breeds to determine the relationship and origin of Chinese domestic duck breeds. Gene frequency, effective number of alleles （Ne）, expected heterozygosity （He）, polymorphism information contents （PIC）, inbreeding coefficient in population （Fis）, standard genetic distance （Ds）, and genetic distance （DA） were calculated by FSTAT and distance and phylogenetic analysis after the dates which were output from the Microsatellite-Toolkit software. Genetic distances between 12 domestic duck breeds and 2 wild duck breeds were analyzed by variance analysis. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean （UPGMA） and phylogenetic trees used for cluster analysis were structured. The results indicated that 11 loci had medium- or high-level genetic diversity among the 12 loci, which could be efficiently used in the detection of the genetic parameters of each population. The values of He were 0.5414 to 0.7343, those of PIC proved similar, and those of Fis were 0.1101 to 0.3381 among all populations. All breeds were clustered into three groups by UPGMA phylogenetic trees. Banzui duck was clustered into a separate group. Differences of the DA were analysed by t-test. The results showed that difference in DA between the 12 domestic duck breeds and Lvtou duck and the Banzui duck were very significant （P〈0.01）, indicating that these 12 domestic duck breeds originated from Lvtou wild duck, but not Banzui duck.     

UNREDUCED MEGAGAMETOPHYTE FORMATION VIA SECOND DIVISION RESTITUTION CONTRIBUTES TO TETRAPLOID PRODUCTION IN INTERPLOIDY CROSSES WITH ‘ORAH’ MANDARIN (CITRUS RETICULATA)

• In addition to triploid progeny, tetraploid hybrids derived from the fertilization of 2n megagametophytes are frequently regenerated from 2x × 4x crosses that utilize ‘Orah’ mandarin as the female parent. • Data here indicate that ‘Orah’ mandarin is a cultivar that readily produces 2n megagametophytes. • Second division restitution is the mechanism underlying 2n megagametophyte formation in ‘Orah’ mandarin. Seedless fruits are desirable in the citrus fresh fruit market. Triploid production via diploid × tetraploid interploidy crosses is thought to be the most efficient and widely-used strategy for the breeding of seedless citrus. Although ‘Orah’ mandarin has desirable organoleptic qualities, seeds in the fruits weaken its market competitiveness. To produce new seedless cultivars that are similar to ‘Orah’ mandarin, we performed three 2x × 4x crosses using ‘Orah’ mandarin as the seed parent to regenerate triploid plantlets. A total of 182 triploid and 36 tetraploid plantlets were obtained. By analyzing their genetic origins using nine novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, all of the triploids and tetraploids derived from these three crosses were proven to be hybrids. Also, we demonstrated that 2n megagametophyte formation in ‘Orah’ mandarin result in tetraploid production in these three interploidy crosses. These tetraploid plantlets were genotyped using eight pericentromeric SNP markers and nine centromere distal SNP markers. Based on the genotypes of the 2n megagametophytes, the parental heterozygosity rates in 16 SNP loci and all 2n megagametophytes were less than 50%, indicating that second division restitution was the mechanism underlying 2n megagametophyte formation at both the population and individual levels. These triploid hybrids enrich the germplasm available for seedless breeding. Moreover, the tetraploid hybrids are valuable as parents for ploidy breeding for the production of seedless citrus fruits.     

Autogamy of polyploid apple varieties and forms

Long-term study of triploid varieties obtained from crossing of diploid varieties and forms with tetraploid ones has resulted in showing their high autogamy. In the case of natural self-pollination of the Rozhdestvenskoe triploid variety, the fruit yield was 12.6%, and that in the case of its cross-pollination with other varieties averaged only 9.55; in the Avgust triploid variety, the fruit yield was 4.4 and 2.8%, respectively. The high autogamy of tetraploid varieties and forms is evidenced by the following data: their crossing with diploid varieties (4x × 2x) yielded 4003 one-year seedlings, of which approximately 15% proved to be tetraploid.     

红壳色文蛤选育群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析

【目的】了解群体选育过程中红壳色文蛤（Meretrix meretrix）选育群体的遗传多样性变化及世代遗传分化情况,为文蛤育种计划的可持续性提供理论依据。【方法】以江苏黄文蛤原种（SY）、江苏红文蛤原种（SR）及5个红壳色文蛤选育群体（SRF₁~SR5F₅）为研究对象,利用15对微卫星引物对各文蛤群体基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,然后通过Gel-Pro32 4.0、PopGen 32和MEGA 6.0等在线软件分析7个文蛤群体的遗传多样性。【结果】从7个文蛤群体中共检测出766个等位基因,每个微卫星位点在每个群体中检测出3~18个等位基因,且等位基因数（Na）随选育世代增加呈下降趋势。15个微卫星位点的平均多态信息含量（PIC）在0.575~0.630,均属于高度多态性位点。7个文蛤群体的平均观测杂合度（Ho）为0.442~0.502,平均期望杂合度（He）为0.629~0.680,群体中63.81%的微卫星位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡,表明各微卫星位点存在一定程度的杂合子缺失;群体内近交系数（F_is）范围为-0.0157~0.7409,平均为0.2777,表明文蛤群体内存在一定程度的近交水平;群体间遗传分化系数（F_st）平均为0.0455,即文蛤群体变异中仅有4.55%是由不同群体间的基因差异所产生,而95.45%的变异来源于群体内部;各群体的基因流（Nm）为0.9002~18.9478,平均为8.8065,说明7个文蛤群体间的遗传分化较低。UPMGA聚类分析发现7个文蛤群体聚类呈两大支,江苏红文蛤原种及其选育群体聚为一支,而江苏黄文蛤原种（SY）独自聚为一支。【结论】经过5代人工选育的红壳色文蛤选育群体虽然较基础群体其遗传多样性指数略有下降,但并未导致各选育群体的遗传结构发生改变,仍具有较高的遗传多样性。在连续的选择育种计划中,应增加亲本养殖环境多样化,避免因人工繁育的亲本和养殖群体规模较小引起遗传漂移或近交衰退而致使某些等位基因缺失,导致后代的遗传结构发生改变。     

不同体色翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)群体遗传结构研究

采用微卫星分子标记技术分析黄色(HS)、黑斑色(HB)、红纹色(HW) 3个不同体色翘嘴鳜群体的遗传多样性及遗传结构。3个不同体色群体平均观测杂合度在0.540～0.687之间;平均期望杂合度在0.562～0.631之间,各群体均具有较高的遗传多样性。遗传距离、相似度、遗传分化系数、聚类树分析均显示HB与HW群体间遗传关系较近。STRUCTURE群体结构分析显示,3群体被分为2个亚群,HS群体集中在亚群I,HB、HW群体集中在亚群II。30个位点中的大多数位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡,应增加选育群体的有效数量,防止种质衰退。符号检验和Wilcoxon符号秩次检验中HW群体显著或极显著偏离突变-漂移平衡,需进一步扩大选育群体。总体来说,3个不同体色翘嘴鳜群体遗传多样性较高,可作为开发新体色翘嘴鳜品系的基础群体。     

Genetic diversity and population structure of Commelina communis in China based on simple sequence repeat markers

Commelina communis (Asiatic dayflower) is a troublesome weed in China. Genetic variation of 46 C. communis populations from different collection sites in our country was investigated using 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs. Polymorphism analysis results showed high level of genetic diversity among these populations. The alleles (bands) were amplified by these primer pairs. The polymorphic proportion was 18.25%, and the average polymorphism information content was 0.1330. The highest effective number of alleles was 1.9915 at locus YP33, and the lowest value was 1.0000 at both loci YP25 and YP31. C. communis showed major average observed heterozygosity value (0.8655) than that of average expected heterozygosity (0.1330). C. communis populations were divided into three groups on the basis of unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean cluster analysis (Dice genetic similarity coefficient=0.772) and genetic structure analysis (K=3), and a principal coordinate analysis. The results of this study further illustrated that C. communis populations contained abundant genetic information, and the 12 SSR markers could detect the microsatellite loci of C. communis genomic DNA. These results might indicate that C. communis maintains high genetic diversity among different populations.     

长江口江豚的遗传多样性现状及种群动态

长江口地处长江与东海、黄海的交汇处,是窄脊江豚东亚亚种和长江亚种的重叠分布区和死亡率高发区。筛选出16个多态性微卫星位点,对采自长江口的36头窄脊江豚东亚亚种样本作了遗传多样性和种群动态分析。结果显示,除了2个微卫星位点显著偏离了Hardy-Weinberg平衡外,其他14个位点均未偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡。16个微卫星位点共获得了129个等位基因,平均等位基因数达8. 1个。计算获得的平均观察杂合度(Ho)为0. 733,平均期望杂合度(He)为0. 758,多态性信息含量(PIC)均在0. 5以上。其遗传多样性水平与印度洋江豚和海豹等海洋哺乳动物相近,但明显高于大熊猫、东北虎等陆生珍稀哺乳动物。杂合度检验和Mode-shift模型分析显示,该种群未经历过近期的遗传瓶颈效应。Msvar软件的4次模拟均未发现该种群在历史上发生过明显的有效数量波动,估算的当前有效种群大小约为5 623头。研究显示,在长江口发现的窄脊江豚东亚亚种个体,属于一个大而稳定的种群。     

元江鲤种群遗传多样性

选择12对微卫星标记检测了于2011年采集自元江(红河上游中国江段)5个样点192尾鲤的群体遗传多样性。共检测到201个等位基因,每个位点等位基因2-27个。各群体各位点平均等位基因(N_A)12.25-14.67个,平均有效等位基因(N_E)8.28-9.73个,平均观察杂合度(H_O) 0.7765-0.8037,平均期望杂合度(H_E)0.7761-0.8080,平均多态信息含量(PIC) 0.7534-0.7843。元江鲤种群192个个体各位点N_A、N_E、H_O、H_E、PIC分别为16.50、11.26、0.7927、0.8049、0.7966,种群遗传多样性水平高。元江鲤群体之间遗传分化小,可作为一个种群管理单元进行管理。增殖放流要防止遗传多样性丧失。     

淮河安徽段日本沼虾野生群体遗传结构的微卫星分析

利用日本沼虾13对中高多态性的微卫星位点分析了淮河安徽段日本沼虾野生群体的遗传结构。结果表明:11个群体中共有118个位点经Bonferroni校正后显示杂合不足且显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡;群体平均期望杂合度均小于0.658,显示出较低的遗传多样性水平,其中瓦埠湖、焦岗湖群体遗传多样性相对较高,高塘湖群体相对较低;淮河安徽段日本沼虾群体偏离了突变-漂移平衡,呈现出遗传多样性下降的趋势,说明群体即将或曾经经历瓶颈效应;群体间AMOVA分析表明,群体间遗传分化程度较低(FST=0.011 6),且没有形成显著的遗传结构,在种质资源保护和管理上可视作一个单元,这为日本沼虾种质资源保护和合理开发利用提供了基础资料。研究亮点:日本沼虾是我国重要的淡水经济虾类,本研究分析了淮河安徽段日本沼虾野生群体的遗传结构,发现淮河安徽段日本沼虾野生群体遗传多样性及群体间遗传分化程度均较低,且没有形成明显的遗传结构,提出在种质资源保护和利用上可视为一个单元进行操作。     

不同凡纳滨对虾养殖群体的微卫星遗传多样性分析

【目的】明确不同凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）养殖群体间的遗传信息丰富度和遗传分化程度,为构建适应上海独特气候对虾品种繁育计划中的交配系谱分析提供参考依据。【方法】选用13对微卫星引物对来自厄瓜多尔恒兴对虾养殖公司2个养殖场（Pesquera和San Alfonso）共9个凡纳滨对虾养殖群体进行遗传多样性分析,探究不同群体间的遗传信息丰富度和遗传分化程度。【结果】13个微卫星位点在9个凡纳滨对虾养殖群体中检测到的等位基因数（Na）为2～6个,共有37个等位基因,多态信息含量（PIC）为0.1292～0.6799,平均为0.3326。在13个微卫星位点中,仅有1个微卫星位点（TUMXLV9.116）呈高度多态性,有4个微卫星位点（TUMXLV10.147、TUMXLV5.45c、TUMXLV10.191c和TUMXLV10.96）呈低度多态性,其余8个微卫星位点呈中度多态性。9个凡纳滨对虾养殖群体的观测杂合度（Ho）为0.2225～0.3662,平均为0. 2915;期望杂合度（He）为0.3317～0.4539,平均为0. 3974;Hardy-Weinberg平衡指数（D）为0.0214～0.4214,其中San Alfonso P23群体和Pesquera P23群体的D相对更接近于0,其基因型分布接近于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。9个凡纳滨对虾养殖群体的F_st平均值为0.1259,说明有12.59%的遗传分化来源于群体间,而87.41%的遗传分化来自群体内部;群体间的平均基因流（Nm）为1.7356,表明遗传漂变未能主导种群遗传结构的变化。在9个凡纳滨对虾养殖群体间,以Pesquera 29群体与Pesquera 15群体的遗传距离最大（0.2426）,San Alfonso 23群体与Pesquera 23群体的遗传距离最小（0.0215）;基于遗传距离的UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,9个凡纳滨对虾养殖群体可分为两大类,其中Pesquera 29群体和San Alfonso 12群体独立聚为一类。【结论】在9个凡纳滨对虾养殖群体中存在观测等位基因丢失现象,且遗传多样性较低,群体间分化程度为中等水平。因此,可通过引进不同地区拥有不同遗传背景且亲缘关系较远的群体作为亲本,以丰富子代群体的遗传多样性。     

应用微卫星标记对两个SD大鼠封闭群的遗传学研究

利用7个微卫星标记结合高分辨率全自动核酸分析系统,对四川和上海两个不同地区生产的SD大鼠封闭群进行遗传检测,计算并分析其群体遗传学参数。结果在两个SD大鼠群体中共发现等位基因40个,每位点等位基因数4~8个,平均5.714 3个;平均期望杂合度为0.706 8;平均多态信息含量为0.663 4。两个群体分别检测到38和36个等位基因;平均期望杂合度分别为0.706 9和0.697 9;平均多态信息含量分别为0.655 1和0.646 1;两个群体分别有4个位点和5个位点符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。两群体间Nei(1972)遗传同一性和遗传距离分别为0.268 2和0.764 8,Nei(1978)无偏遗传同一性和遗传距离分别为0.238 1和0.788 2,不同微卫星位点的平均Fst值为0.090 5,表明两个种群的遗传分化程度为中等分化。试验结果表明,两个种群都符合封闭群动物的群体遗传特征,是比较理想的封闭群。     

两个人工选择奥利亚罗非鱼群体系统发育 及其遗传多样性分析

[目的]了解人工选择偏好对奥利亚罗非鱼遗传多样性的影响,为今后人工选育及生产提供参考依据.[方法]对两个奥利亚罗非鱼群体(那马群体和武鸣群体)各70尾个体的线粒体DNA的D-loop区序列、CoI基因和Cytb基因进行测序及系统进化研究,并选用20对微卫星标记对其遗传多样性进行分析.[结果]基于D-loop区序列两个群体共检测出32个单倍型,其中共享单倍型6个;基于CoI基因共检测出23个单倍型,其中共享单倍型16个;基于Cytb基因共检测出14个单倍型,其中共享单倍型10个.基于D-loop区序列、CoI基因和Cytb基因单倍型分别构建的系统发育进化树显示,武鸣群体和那马群体的个体交错在一起,地理差异不明显,且采用NJ法和ME法构建系统发育进化树的进化拓扑结构基本相似.20对微卫星引物均能在奥利亚罗非鱼中获得稳定有效的扩增条带,其中有18个微卫星位点呈多态性;那马、武鸣群体的平均等位基因数(Na)分别为6.5000和7.9444,平均有效等位基因数(Ne)分别是3.9857和4.7268,平均观测杂合度(Ho)分别为0.7123和0.7752,平均期望杂合度(He)分别为0.9614和0.9711、平均Nei期望杂合度分别为0.7017和0.7636,均表现为武鸣群体略高于那马群体.两个群体的遗传分化系数(Fst)在不同微卫星位点间差异明显,其变化范围为0.0173(GM241)~0.2318(UNH868),平均0.0997;从单群体近交系数(Fis)和总群体近交系数(Fit)来看,所有微卫星位点的数值均为负值.[结论]经短期人工选择的武鸣群体奥利亚罗非鱼遗传多样性较被长期人工选择的那马群体遗传多样性丰富,即短期内的不同人工选择偏好对线粒体DNA的遗传影响较小.     

自然四倍体泥鳅雄核发育二倍体染色体组构成研究

为探究鱼类雄核发育新途径及自然四倍体泥鳅所产生的配子染色体组构成,采用自然四倍体泥鳅(4n=100)为父本、二倍体泥鳅(2n=50)为母本进行杂交,受精后5 min将受精卵放入3℃水中处理60 min诱导雄核发育二倍体泥鳅,并对其后代的血红细胞核体积、染色体核型、Ag-NORs带型及荧光原位杂交(FISH)信号等进行了研究。结果表明:对照组杂交三倍体泥鳅血红细胞核体积为(38.29±3.14)μm³,处理组雄核发育二倍体泥鳅血红细胞核体积为(27.92±3.58)μm³,二者血红细胞核体积之比为1.37∶1;杂交三倍体泥鳅胚胎染色体数目3n=75,核型公式为15m+6sm+54t,NF=96,雄核发育二倍体泥鳅胚胎染色体数目2n=50,核型公式为10m+4sm+36t,NF=64;杂交三倍体泥鳅胚胎染色体中,在3个染色体短臂的端部检测到3个FISH杂交信号,雄核发育二倍体泥鳅胚胎染色体中,在2个染色体短臂的端部检测到2个FISH杂交信号;杂交三倍体泥鳅染色体和间期核中,呈现出Ag-NORs数目为1~3个,雄核发育二倍体泥鳅胚胎染色体和间期核中,呈现出Ag-NORs数目为1~2个。研究表明,雄核发育二倍体泥鳅的染色体组构成为2套染色体组,表明自然四倍体雄性泥鳅能产生二倍体(2n)配子,该结果为自然四倍体雄性泥鳅是具有4套染色体组的遗传四倍体提供了重要的遗传学证据。     

中国洪湖不同倍性泥鳅的染色体组型及形态特征比较分析

以中国洪湖自然二倍体、三倍体、四倍体泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus为研究对象,运用经典的形态测量观察方法、染色体制片技术对不同倍性泥鳅的染色体组型、形态特征进行比较分析。结果表明：1）二倍体泥鳅2n=50,核型公式为10m＋4sm＋36t,NF=64;三倍体泥鳅3n=75,核型公式为15m＋6sm＋54t,NF=96;四倍体泥鳅4n=100,核型公式为20m＋8sm＋72t,NF=128;2）5个比例性状测量结果显示,二倍体与四倍体很接近,没有表现出明显的差异,但两者与三倍体在眼后头长/体长（PL/SL）、后头部到鳃的距离/体长（LOOSR/SL）、背鳍前端到尾鳍的距离/体长（LODO-CB/SL）3个比例性状存在显著差异（P〈0.05）;3）主成分分析表明,二倍体、三倍体及四倍体形态差异主要系躯体后半部差异所致;（4）聚类分析结果显示,洪湖二倍体和四倍体相聚类,亲缘关系较近,与三倍体群体的聚类关系较远。     

中国长江中下游地区鹅种种群动态分析*

 通过资源调查摸清我国长江中下游地区6个鹅品种的保存现状，同时结合微卫星标记对种群结构和动态进行了检测。结果显示，6个鹅品种均处于正常保种状态； 群体平均杂合度最高的是太湖鹅（0.690），最低的是武冈铜鹅（0.567），各鹅种的平均杂合度为0.640。用UPGMA法进行聚类分析，将6个鹅品种聚为3类，四川白鹅、武冈铜鹅、道州灰鹅、酃县白鹅聚为第1类；溆浦鹅为第2类；太湖鹅为第3类。根据资源调查及分子研究结果提出了保种意见。     

微卫星标记对德国镜鲤选育群体的遗传分析

选择扩增效果好、有多态性的12个微卫星标记,对一个德国镜鲤选育群体(288尾)的遗传结构进行了分析。共检测到50个等位基因,等位基因数为3～5,平均有效等位基因数为3.076 9,平均观察杂合度为0.416 4,平均期望杂合度为0.658 2,平均多态信息含量为0.605 6。分析结果表明,该群体的多样性水平适中。经2检验,群体处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。12个位点均表现为杂合子缺失,表明选择压力较大,提示在后续的生产和选育过程中要注意保持群体的遗传多样性水平,避免近交衰退。