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烟酸在反刍动物营养中的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综述烟酸在反刍动物营养代谢的作用和对生产性能的影响,反刍动物对烟酸的需要量及影响因素等多方面的研究成果,为生产中烟酸在反刍动物营养中的应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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烟酸是动物机体的必需维生素,是合成机体需要的重要辅酶NAD和NADP的直接前体,对动物碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂类代谢有重要影响。文中阐述了烟酸的理化性质及其在脂肪代谢中的作用、烟酸对瘤胃中挥发性脂肪酸的影响及对反刍动物脂肪代谢的调控等,以期促进烟酸在反刍动物脂肪代谢中的研究。 相似文献
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烟酸是反刍动物机体内的一种必需维生素,是重要辅酶NAD和NADP的直接前体,参与脂肪酸、碳水化合物和氨基酸的合成和分解。一般认为,反刍动物饲料中和瘤胃微生物合成的烟酸,完全可以满足需要,不需另外添加。但生产观察和实验资料证明,反刍动物在某些条件下需要补充烟酸,如奶牛产奶量的提高、日粮中精料比例增加或亮氨酸和精氨酸过量、饲料加工过程中饲料中烟酸和体内可以合成烟酸的色氨酸的破坏均可导致反刍动物缺乏烟酸(杨赵军,1997)。一些试验证明,奶牛日粮中补加烟酸,可提高产奶量(Fronk和Schultz,1979;Riddel等,1981;Jaster,1983a)、… 相似文献
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反刍家畜瘤胃及肠道微生物研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2021,42(5):28-38
反刍家畜瘤胃及肠道微生物处于一个复杂的微生态系统,其多样性及营养代谢与该系统中的各项因素存在紧密联系。了解反刍家畜瘤胃及肠道微生物多样性变化和营养代谢机制,是通过人为干预手段改善动物福利、提高动物生产效率、提升动物产品质量、减少温室气体排放的基础。关于反刍动物瘤胃及肠道微生物多样性及营养代谢与单个环境因子的关系得到了广泛的研究并取得了一些进展,对指导生产实践和保护环境起到了一定作用。综述了近年来国内外反刍家畜瘤胃及肠道微生物多样性,以及微生物与宿主动物、日粮结构、环境因子相互作用及机制方面的研究进展,以期为探索瘤胃及肠道微生物在反刍动物营养代谢中的作用及其机制提供参考。 相似文献
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本文从6个方面综述了烟酸营养研究进展。(1)饲料中的烟酸;(2)日粮烟酸水平对组织烟酰胺、辅酶Ⅰ(NAD)的影响;(3)烟酸与脂肪代谢的关系;(4)烟酸与其他营养素的关系;(5)鸡的烟酸缺乏症;(6)鸡的烟酸需要量。 相似文献
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鸭和鸡同属于家禽,在比较维生素营养需要时发现,多数维生素的需要量是相当接近的,但是,鸭对烟酸的需要量要比鸡高得多。本文就烟酸在鸭营养中的应用加以论述。1烟酸的理化特性烟酸又名尼克酸。因最初被认为是癞皮病防治因子,故又称为维生素PP,是具有生物学活性的全部吡啶-3-羧酸及其衍生物的总称。主要有两种活性化合物,即烟酸和烟酰胺,烟酰胺是烟酸在鸭体内的主要存在形式。烟酸是理化性质最稳定的一种维生素,不易被酸、碱、水分、重金属离子、热、光、氧化剂及加工等因素所破坏。烟酸较难溶于水(1g/100mL,20℃),而烟酰胺易溶于水(1g/mL)… 相似文献
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异黄酮植物雌激素:反刍动物营养生物学发展与应用前景 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
本文对异黄酮植物雌激素的种类、测定方法及在动物体内代谢规律进行了综述 ,同时也就该激素对生殖和乳腺发育双向作用进行了评述 ,最后对其研究和应用前景进行了展望 相似文献
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泌乳牛葡萄糖营养研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
泌乳牛代谢葡萄糖的来源包括内源生成和小肠吸收。内源葡萄糖难于调控,小肠吸收葡萄糖是调控代谢葡萄糖供应的主要途径。本文综述了内源、外源葡萄糖的产生及外源葡萄糖对泌乳牛养分代谢和泌乳性能的影响。依据现有资料,结合理论推导,初步提出了不同生理状况泌乳牛葡萄糖供应方案,并初步探讨了泌乳牛葡萄糖营养中尚待研究的问题。 相似文献
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Liesegang A Risteli J Wanner M 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2007,91(5-6):217-225
Substantial losses of skeletal tissue occur during late pregnancy and lactation. The goal of the present study was to follow these changes in pregnant and lactating goats and sheep, compare these two species during their second lactation, and also compare the results to the first lactation. Blood samples were collected from 12 adult dairy goats (Saanen goat) and sheep (Ostfriesen milk sheep) monthly during gestation, 2 or 3 days postpartum (pp), 2 weeks pp, 4 weeks pp, and then monthly during lactation until 7 months after parturition. Total bone mineral content (BMC) and total bone mineral density (BMD) were quantified using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at the same intervals as the blood was taken. Bone resorption was assessed in serum using two different domains of the carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP and crosslaps). Bone formation was quantified in serum with osteocalcin (OC) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bAP). In addition, Ca and 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D (VITD) were determined in serum. The same procedure was done during the first and second gestation and lactation. Mean ICTP and crosslaps concentrations of the two animal species showed an increase in the last month of gestation. In contrast, mean OC concentrations decreased slowly from the 2nd month of pregnancy until the first week pp. Also mean bAP activities showed a similar time course. Total BMC and BMD decreased until the first week pp in both species. Afterwards, BMC increased again during lactation. BMD levels of sheep and goats returned to prepartum levels during lactation. Vitamin D concentrations peaked in the first week pp. Only VITD concentrations in goats stayed elevated compared with prepartum values throughout the whole lactation during the second lactation. Around parturition and at the beginning of lactation, the bone resorptive phase of bone remodelling is accelerated, but is uncoupled from the process of bone formation. The mineral decrease in bone of these lactating animals seems to be reversible. Since during lactation, bone remodelling has bone resorption and formation phases tightly coupled. Interestingly, in these species, the bone loss in the second pregnancy and lactation measured with BMC and BMD is not as prominent as in the first lactation, but shows almost the same course, although the animals gave more milk in the second lactation. It seems that the organism adapts to the circumstances more easily in the second lactation compared to the first lactation in these two species. 相似文献
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生物类黄酮的生理功能及其应用研究进展 总被引:32,自引:2,他引:32
本文综述了类黄酮对动物脂质代谢与抗氧化作用的调节及其与动物内分泌、机体免疫的关系 ,并介绍了类黄酮在动物生产上的应用 相似文献