个旧地区冬春两季绿芦笋营养品质分析与比较

对个旧地区8个芦笋种植点的冬春两季芦笋中的蛋白质、还原糖、维生素C、黄酮、有机酸含量进行了测定分析和比较.结果表明:春季芦笋的蛋白质、维生素C、黄酮、有机酸、还原糖含量均高于冬季;芦笋中蛋白质、还原糖、维生素C、黄酮含量受季节影响较小,有机酸含量受季节影响较大.用模糊数学的隶属函数法对所有样品的综合营养品质进行了评价,表明春季芦笋样品的综合营养品质隶属函数值均大于冬季的,个旧地区春季芦笋的品质优于冬季芦笋.     

不同修剪方式对番荔枝生产的影响初报

番荔枝修剪可促春秋两季成花着果,比较了春季9种修剪方式对新梢萌发、花芽抽生、新芽可溶性糖含量、果实产量和品质的影响,并比较了秋季3种修剪方式对新梢萌发及果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明,春季短截摘叶处理后5 d新梢萌发率达到100%,短截不摘叶处理较短截摘叶处理新梢萌发延迟。春季不短截情况下,枝条去顶后只留顶部叶片更容易促进枝条基部萌发花芽。春季短截处理虽然抽生花芽时间比不短截处理提早约1周,但是不短截处理的新芽可溶性糖含量高于短截处理,短截与不短截处理在花蕾抽生时新芽可溶性糖含量趋于一致。秋季短截外围1/3、2/3及全部枝条摘叶处理的新梢萌发时间相近,均在处理后5~6 d萌发;秋季短截外围2/3枝条摘叶处理着果枝率适中,优质商品果比例达77.0%,产量高。因此,海南岛番荔枝生产春季修剪以留中间枝短截外围枝条并留顶端2个芽点为宜,秋季修剪以短截外围2/3枝条摘叶留叶柄为宜,秋季果效益较高,建议以秋季番荔枝生产为主。     

芦笋特性及栽培技术

<正>1芦笋栽培的价值1.1芦笋的基本特性芦笋属草本植物,茎基部长出的幼茎似小山竹笋,所以称之为芦笋。芦笋一般春季移栽秋季可采笋,秋季移栽翌年春季采笋。最高产量是第3～5年,在肥水条件好的田块667m2产量1000kg左右,初产年的芦笋要低一些,产量600kg左右,市场上的批发价12元/kg,     

不同干燥方式对芦笋营养与品质特性的影响

以芦笋为试材,利用真空冷冻干燥和微波处理与真空冷冻联合干燥的方法,比较了干燥后芦笋中维生素C、粗蛋白质、总糖等营养成分,冻干时间、复水性、微观结构、微生物数量等指标。结果表明:真空冷冻干燥后芦笋的维生素C、粗蛋白质、总糖含量相对于新鲜芦笋的保存率分别为63.86%、80.49%和81.68%;微波处理与真空冷冻联合干燥后的芦笋维生素C、粗蛋白质、总糖含量的保存率分别为59.66%、75.20%和75.57%。真空冷冻干燥和微波处理与真空冷冻联合干燥芦笋的冻干时间和复水比分别为12.5、8.0h和5.3、4.9。真空冷冻干燥和微波处理与真空冷冻联合干燥脱水的芦笋组织结构均保持良好,没有明显的破坏变形现象,二者无明显差别。真空冷冻干燥芦笋的细菌杀菌率为92.7%,霉菌杀菌率为83.5%,微波真空联合冷冻干燥的细菌杀菌率为96.8%,霉菌杀菌率为97.8%。     

化肥减量条件下水溶肥对大棚芦笋 产量和品质的影响

为了解化肥减量条件下水溶肥对大棚芦笋产量及品质的影响,以常规肥料为对照,在化肥总养分减少的情况下,开展腐植酸水溶性肥料应用效果试验研究。试验结果表明,在常规化肥减量30%、50%的条件下,大棚芦笋施用腐植酸水溶性肥料可提高芦笋嫩茎长度、单根质量、茎粗及嫩茎成长度(散头情况)等商品性;能有效改善芦笋品质,芦笋嫩茎中维生素C含量提高,硝酸盐含量降低;能提高嫩茎产量,产量较常规施肥对照增加172.2、281.2kg/667m2,增长率分别为10.3%、16.8%。     

种植国槐和刺槐对滨海盐碱地理化性质的影响

以种植在滨海盐碱地6年(苗龄3年)的国槐和刺槐人工纯林为研究对象,比较了不同林木在不同季节对土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:秋季,国槐、刺槐分别使土壤容重显著降低了23.40%和14.20%,总孔隙度显著增加了36.94%和23.39%,脱盐率分别为66.51%和44.29%,国槐使Cl~-、Ca~(2+)、Na~+含量显著降低了50.00%、51.85%、41.76%,刺槐林地只有Cl~-含量比对照显著降低了33.33%。总之,秋季国槐对盐碱地理化性质的改良效果好于刺槐。春季,与对照相比,2块林地容重、总孔隙度与对照的差异不显著;刺槐林地的pH值、可溶性盐含量分别显著降低了0.47个单位和52.48%,Ca~(2+)、K~+、Na~+含量显著低于对照,其它离子含量与对照差异不显著;国槐林地的pH值显著高于对照0.27个单位,可溶性盐含量与对照差异不显著,Ca~(2+)、K~+含量显著低于对照,其它离子含量与对照差异不显著。总体上,春季刺槐对盐碱地理化性质的改良效果好于国槐。无论是春季还是秋季,国槐和刺槐对土壤含水量和有机质含量的改良效果均不显著。     

不同干燥方式对芦笋功能成分及体外抗氧化活性的影响

为提高芦笋的耐贮性,本文探究了烫漂预处理和三种干燥方式（热风、冷冻和热风-微波干燥）对芦笋粉中总酚、VC、多糖和黄酮等功能成分含量及其提取物体外抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,不烫漂冷冻干燥的芦笋粉色泽最好,且VC含量最高。热风-微波干燥的芦笋中总酚、多糖和黄酮的含量均最高,且烫漂的样品总酚、黄酮含量显著高于不烫漂样品,而多糖含量则是不烫漂的更高,其次为冷冻干燥。干燥后芦笋醇提物的ABTS自由基清除率为96%～97%,以冷冻干燥的样品最高,烫漂对其结果无显著影响;而其水提物含量以热风-微波干燥的样品最高,为96.25%,可见,烫漂提高了ABTS自由基清除力。水提物和醇提物的DPPH清除率为烫漂后热风-微波干燥的芦笋粉最高。综上,热风-微波干燥和烫漂有利于芦笋加工过程中总酚、多糖和黄酮的浸出以及抗氧化能力的保持,冷冻干燥有利于芦笋中VC保留。     

AM 真菌对大棚芦笋矿质元素吸收和营养品质的影响

将接种丛枝菌根真菌摩西球囊霉（Glomus mosseae,GM）的芦笋菌根苗定植在大棚内,研究菌根对芦笋植株生物
量、矿质元素吸收和产量品质的影响。结果表明：接种GM 的芦笋单株地上部鲜质量增加了45.57%,地上部干质量增加了
29.65%;拟叶叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量和植株根系活力均显著增加;植株吸收N、P、K、Mg、Mn、Cu 的能力均有不同程度
地提高;嫩茎中芦丁含量和皂苷含量也显著提高。     

柑橘秋季高接换种技术

秋季是柑橘高接换种的重要时期之一.与春季高接换种相比,秋季高接换种时雨日少,光照条件好,便于操作;而且由于雨日少,伤口感病较轻,便于接穗与砧木的愈合.所以秋接的成活率一般达90%,高的可在95%以上,低的也有80%左右;尽管秋接的穗芽当年不萌发,但翌年春季发芽较早且整齐,可以发出春夏秋3次梢;秋接不影响当年产量.秋接最适期为8月下旬至10月上旬.所以当前正是柑橘秋季高接换种的适宜时期.     

沙洲早水芹在不同季节及不同栽培方式下的品质差异

以沙洲早水芹为试材,比较了在不同季节和不同栽培方式下产品的部分品质指标的差异。试验结果表明,秋季淹水条件下产品与在春季湿润栽培下的产品相比,含水率基本相同,但在可溶性总糖、还原糖等营养物质含量,以及粗纤维等保健物质含量,包括干物质的持水率等品质指标方面存在较明显的差异。     

珠三角地区稻后冬闲田直播油菜薹品质分析

为分析珠三角地区冬种油菜的菜薹采摘效益，以油菜“希望669”为材料，在广东江门新会区采用直播方式播种，分析比较不同播期（稻收后15 d和稻收前3 d）下油菜薹宜采期的品质差异。结果表明：不同播期下油菜不同生育时期品质存在显著性差异，均略优于菜心。其中，在油菜初花期之前（春节期间）的宜采期，油菜薹单位面积生物量与油菜薹维生素C、可溶性蛋白含量及叶片SPAD值均表现出稻收前播种优于稻收后，而纤维素含量则相反。在油菜初花期后，油菜薹可溶性糖含量表现为稻收前播种优于稻收后。2个播期下冬种油菜的菜用可采期均与珠三角蔬菜市场短缺期重合；因此，冬种油菜可以调节春节市场油菜薹的有效供给，产生良好的社会和经济效益。     

Rate of nitrogen application during the growing season alters the response of container-grown rhododendron and azalea to foliar application of urea in the Autumn

Summary

One-year-old rhododendron (Rhododendron ‘H-1 P.J.M’) and azalea (Rhododendron ‘Cannon’s Double’) plants grown at different nitrogen (N) fertilisation rates were used to assess the influence of soil N applications during the growing season, and foliar applications of urea in the Autumn, on N uptake and accumulation, and plant growth in the following Spring. N uptake efficiency declined linearly during the first growing season with an increasing rate of N fertilisation. For both cultivars, foliar urea application in the Autumn significantly increased plant N content without affecting plant size, regardless of plant N status. Leaves of rhododendron accumulated more N than other plant structures. Plants sprayed with foliar urea in the Autumn had more new growth the following Spring than plants receiving no urea, regardless of whether the plants received fertiliser in the Spring. For azalea, N uptake in the Spring was, in general, not affected by applications of urea during the previous year. For rhododendron, urea application in the Autumn decreased N uptake the following Spring. For both cultivars, increasing N availability during the growing season increased the ratio of above-ground to below-ground dry weight. Our results suggest that combining optimum N applications during the growing season with foliar application of urea in the Autumn can improve N uptake efficiency, increase N storage, and optimise growth in Rhododendron.     

Root development of beetroot,sweet corn and celeriac,and soil N content after incorporation of green manure

Summary

Root development in beetroot (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris var. conditiva Alef.), sweet corn (Zea mays L. convar. Saccharata Koern.) and celeriac (Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum Gaud.) was followed during two growing seasons with the aim of describing the root systems and nitrogen (N) utilisation of the three vegetables. The crops were grown after incorporation of green manure either in the preceding Autumn or Spring. Beetroot reached a final root depth of 1.55 – 1.8 m. For sweet corn, the final root depths were 0.6 and 0.9 m and, for celeriac, 0.45 and 0.6 m, in the two years, respectively. The simple measure of average root depth reflected the depth to which soil mineral N was depleted over the season by each of the three vegetables. Autumn incorporation of green manure resulted in higher mineral N contents in the soil layers below 0.5 m compared to a Spring incorporation. For beetroot, this resulted in 0.5 m-deeper root depths and higher root intensity below 0.5 m at harvest. This study shows large differences in root intensity between years, and in root depths between species. This knowledge can be used to improve N-use efficiency in vegetable production.     

Seasonal variations in nutritional components of green asparagus using the mother fern cultivation

Harvesting season for green asparagus can be extended by the use of the mother fern method and greenhouse cultivation. To evaluate seasonal variations in nutritional quality of green asparagus, the compositional profiles of fresh spears (Asparagus officialis L. cv. UC157 F1) harvested each month from March to October were compared in two locations of China using mother fern method. During the harvest season, dry matter content, soluble sugar, crude fiber, rutin and total soluble phenol in spears exhibited marked variation. Although there was no significant difference in total amino acid contents among most of months throughout the season, but quantitative changes in some specific amino acids occurred. Fresh spears harvested in warm season (from June to July) contained lower level of soluble sugars, dry matter, ascorbic acid and higher nitrate, crude fiber, total phenolics and rutin contents compared with those in cooler months. Asparagus harvested in spring accumulated relatively higher level of soluble sugar, carotenoid and chlorophyll contents than those in autumn, but total phenol and rutin contents were higher in autumn than in spring. The relationships between weather data and nutritional quality parameters of asparagus spear during harvest season were also discussed.     

碧香无核葡萄的叶分析营养诊断研究

通过叶分析方法对碧香无核葡萄进行营养诊断,得出了叶柄内7种矿质营养元素在生长季节内的变化特点及各矿质元素在稳定时期的比例.建议生产中应根据矿质营养元素动态变化特点,不同时期施以不同的肥料.     

Seasonal changes of asparagus spears in relation to enzyme activities and carbohydrate content

Seasonal changes in the activities of acid invertase, sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) along with the sugar content were studied in asparagus spears (Asparagus officinalis L. cvs. E414 and Welcome) grown in the greenhouse. The primary objective of this study was to understand the effect of long-term harvesting on the quality of green asparagus spears. Both soluble and cell wall-bound acid invertase increased in activity until June after which they changed very little. Similarly, SS activity increased to a maximum in June and changed little after this time. SPS activity changed little throughout the season. Sucrose concentration declined from March to a minimum in June and increased again in October. On the other hand glucose and fructose concentrations increased to a maximum in June and thereafter changed little except for a possible decline in October. A highly significant negative correlation was found between acid invertase and SS activities and sucrose content accounting well for the relation between the substrate and the activity. There were no significant differences between the cultivars.     

Productivity of olive trees with different water status and crop load

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted over two growing seasons to determine the combined effect of crop load and irrigation on yield components of olive trees (Olea europaea L. ‘Leccino’) planted at 6 m 3.8 m in a sandy-clay soil. Different crop loads were established by manual thinning of fruits. Drip irrigation was managed to maintain pre-dawn leaf water-potentials (PLWP) within the following ranges: (i) higher than –1.1 MPa (FI; fully irrigated); (ii) between –1.0 and –3.3 MPa (DI; deficit irrigated); or (iii) below –1.2 MPa, but not lower than –4.2 MPa (SI; severe deficit irrigated). The irrigation period lasted from 6 – 16 weeks after full bloom (AFB) in 2003, and from 5 – 19 weeks AFB in 2004. In 2003, full bloom was on 26 May; in 2004, it was on 3 June. Neither irrigation regime nor crop load affected flowering or flower quality the following Spring. The combined fruit yields [on a fresh weight (FW) basis] over both years in SI and DI trees were 49.0% and 81.6% of FI trees, respectively. The oil yields of SI and DI trees were 52.5% and 81.2% of FI trees, respectively. Fruit FWs in FI trees were greater than those of DI or SI trees at 8 weeks AFB. At harvest, FI trees bore the largest fruits, and SI trees the smallest fruits. The FWs of individual fruits at harvest in the FI and DI treatments decreased as crop load increased, but no such relationship was apparent for SI trees. The oil content of the mesocarp increased as PLWP increased from approx. –3.5 MPa to –1.5 MPa. The oil content of FI trees at harvest decreased from 53.1% to 45.7% dry weight as fresh fruit yield increased from 5 – 25 kg dm^–2 trunk cross-sectional area. However, crop load did not have any effect on the oil content of the mesocarp in DI trees. Fruit maturation was delayed by irrigation. Maturation index also decreased (indicating delayed maturation) as the crop load on FI or DI trees increased, but did not vary with crop level in SI trees.     

大棚种植菜用甘薯茎尖矿物质和氨基酸含量分析

采用感应耦合等离子质谱和氨基酸自动分析仪,对种植于大棚内的7种菜用甘薯茎尖的12种矿质元素和17种氨基酸含量进行分析。结果表明,甘薯茎尖含有丰富的矿质元素和氨基酸,不同甘薯茎尖的矿质元素和氨基酸的含量略有区别。常量元素方面,镁的含量波动较小,为2 904.53~3 903.17 mg/kg,钾、钙、钠的含量波动较大,特别是钠,为544.24~11 086.49 mg/kg;微量元素方面,7种甘薯茎尖含量较大的分别为铁、锌、锰、硼,在18.64~115.88 mg/kg,含量较小的分别为铜、铬、钼、钴,在0.02~21.65 mg/kg。7种甘薯茎尖的氨基酸含量丰富,氨基酸总量在26.61%~30.03%,人体必需氨基酸含量比例E/T值在33.20%~37.66%,人体必需氨基酸含量与非必需氨基酸含量之比E/N值在0.50~0.60,基本符合FAO/WHO关于理想蛋白质的要求。     

长豇豆新品种‘丰优油青豇豆’

长豇豆新品种‘丰优油青豇豆’是由‘揭西豇豆06-12’的变异株系选育而成。植株生长势强,分枝能力强,叶色深绿有光泽。豆荚长圆条形,荚色绿白,荚长46.6 cm,荚粗0.93 cm,单荚质量26.1 g,双荚率高,整齐饱满,头尾均匀,鼠尾荚少,肉质紧实爽脆。中早熟,丰产性好,品质优,不易老化,耐采收,高抗枯萎病,田间表现耐热性、耐寒性和耐旱性强。适宜在广东省豇豆产区春、秋季种植。     

野生欧李生长期矿质营养元素含量的变化

 研究野生欧李叶、花和果实中矿质营养元素(Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Ca、Mg、K)含量生长期动态变化规律及其相关性。结果表明，欧李开花期是矿质营养元素吸收、累积最关键的时期，从始花期至终花期，Fe、Ca、Mn元素呈极显著增加，其它元素无明显增减；果实进入生长发育阶段，7种矿质营养元素含量变化表现为前期营养元素含量较高，后期营养元素含量较低，并呈“下降—平缓(上升)—下降”的趋势，除K元素外，其它6种矿质营养元素含量变化相互间均达到显著或极显著正相关；欧李叶、果间Ca和Mg元素达极显著负相关，zn元素达极显著正相关，其它元素相关性均不显著。果实中7种矿质营养元素含量(均值)的大小顺序为：K>Ca>Mg>Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu。