Fermentation quality and chemical composition of shrub silage treated with lactic acid bacteria inoculants and cellulase additives

Effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants and cellulase additives on fermentation quality and chemical compositions of shrub silages were studied by using a small‐scale fermentation system. Two LAB inoculants of Qingbao (Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilacticii, Lactobacillus casei and Clostridium phage) and Caihe (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis and Pediococcus acidilactici) and a commercial cellulase made from Trichoderma reesei were used as additives for intermediate pea‐shrub, rush bushclover, arborescent ceratoides and shrubby silage preparation. The crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and water‐soluble carbohydrate contents of the four shrub materials were 10.1–14.2, 62.6–67.2 and 1.9–3.5% on a dry matter basis, respectively. All shrub silages had pH 3.40–4.43, ammonia‐N 0.1–0.2% g/kg and lactic acid 1.3–2.9% on a fresh matter basis. The silage quality of LAB‐inoculated silages did not have a greater effect than control silages, except shrubby silage preparation. Silages treated with the cellulase, the pH of rush bushclover and shrubby sweetvetch silage were significantly (P < 0.05) lower and the lactic acid content were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the control silages. The results confirmed that shrub contained a relatively high content of crude protein; its silages can be preserved in good quality, and they are new potential resources for livestock feed.     

同/异型发酵乳酸菌对全株玉米青贮营养成分和瘤胃降解特征的影响

以新饲玉10号全株青贮玉米为研究材料,旨在探究同/异型发酵乳酸菌对其主要营养成分和瘤胃降解率特征的影响。采用真空袋法调制青贮,共设计4个发酵处理,分别为不添加任何菌剂(CK);复合同型发酵乳酸菌植物乳杆菌+戊糖片球菌(T),添加量为1∶1,1×10^5 cfu·g^-1;异型发酵乳酸菌布氏乳杆菌(Y),添加量为1×10^5 cfu·g^-1;复合同、异型发酵乳酸菌(TY),添加量为1∶1∶1,1×10^5 cfu·g^-1。通过对模拟开窖60 d主要营养成分和绵羊瘤胃降解特征参数的分析。结果表明:干物质(DM)、中/酸性洗涤纤维(N/ADF)、可溶性碳水化合物和粗脂肪含量最优均为Y处理,粗蛋白和淀粉含量各试验处理均极显著高于CK处理(P<0.01),粗灰分含量最高为CK处理。DM和NDF有效降解率按高低排序均为T和Y处理>CK和TY处理(P<0.01)。有机物(OM)有效降解率最高为Y处理(P=0.003)。各处理ADF有效降解率间差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明玉米青贮中Y处理可显著增加开窖60 d时各营养成分含量(粗灰分除外),且显著提高DM和OM有效降解率,TY处理可显著提高NDF有效降解率。综合营养成分和有效降解率12项指标进行隶属函数评价,各处理按优劣排序为:Y处理>T处理>TY处理>CK处理。     

添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶对苜蓿青贮品质的影响

初花期收获的苜蓿(Medicago sativa)经过0、8、32 h的晾晒,添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶进行青贮。结果表明,苜蓿凋萎（干物质含量为38.45%）青贮可以使青贮料的氨态氮含量显著降低,并保存有更多的粗蛋白质,生成更多的乳酸。苜蓿青贮时添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶能明显改善苜蓿青贮料的发酵品质,即降低青贮料的氨态氮含量和保存更多的粗蛋白质以及生成更多的乳酸。晾晒8 h的苜蓿添加乳酸菌（106 cfu/g）和纤维素酶（0.05 g/kg）的青贮效果最好;而晾晒32 h的苜蓿直接青贮的效果最好。     

添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶对苜蓿青贮品质的影响(简报)

初花期收获的苜蓿经过0,8和32 h的晾晒,添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶进行青贮。结果表明,不同干物质含量的苜蓿青贮时,乳酸菌 纤维素酶的添加均能使青贮pH值快速下降;苜蓿半干青贮(干物质含量为38.45%)可使青贮氨态氮含量显著降低,并保存有较多的粗蛋白质,生成较多乳酸,其中以添加乳酸菌106cfu/g 纤维素酶0.05g/kg的青贮效果最好,其青贮综合评定得分最高,达93分。     

不同乳酸菌添加量和发酵时间对全株玉米青贮营养价值及发酵品质的影响

本试验以登海605玉米品种为材料,于蜡熟期2/3乳线时进行刈割,乳酸菌制剂的添加量分别为0,10,20和30 mg·kg^-1,4个处理,每个处理4个重复,在室温条件下发酵45和90 d,取样测定营养成分、发酵品质和瘤胃降解率等指标,旨在研究不同乳酸菌添加量和发酵时间对全株玉米青贮营养价值的影响。结果表明:干物质(DM)受乳酸菌添加量和发酵时间的影响较小,差异不显著(P>0.05);随乳酸菌添加量的增加,发酵90 d的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量显著线性降低(P=0.018),而相对饲喂价值(RFV)显著线性增加(P=0.006)。发酵90 d的酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量和pH值较45 d显著降低(P<0.01),而乳酸和乙酸含量显著增加(P<0.05)。随乳酸菌添加量的增加,乳酸含量显著线性增加(P<0.05)。24 h的DM和NDF消化率受乳酸菌添加量和发酵时间的影响较小,差异不显著(P>0.05)。发酵90 d时,48 h DM降解率随乳酸菌添加量的增加显著线性增加(P=0.034),48 h NDF降解率较45 d显著增加(P=0.022)。发酵90 d时,20 mg·kg^-1组的RFV、总可消化养分(TDN)和有机酸含量最高,而pH值最低。综上所述,乳酸菌添加量和发酵时间对全株玉米青贮的营养成分含量、发酵品质和DM瘤胃降解率均有显著影响,全株玉米青贮在发酵90 d且乳酸菌添加量为20 mg·kg^-1的营养价值和发酵品质最优。     

添加纤维素酶和乳酸菌对“桂牧1号”杂交狼尾草青贮品质的影响

为研究纤维素酶和乳酸菌单独添加、混合添加对“桂牧1号”杂交狼尾草青贮品质和营养价值的改善效果,将杂交狼尾草经全株收割、粉碎后,分别添加纤维素酶（CEL）、乳酸菌（LD1、LD2）、乳酸菌+纤维素酶（CEL+LD1 ～ LD2）,密封袋密封60 d后,测定饲料品质和营养成分。结果表明：纤维素酶组、LD2组青贮料pH含量和对照组差异不显著（P > 0.05）,纤维素酶+乳酸菌（CEL+LD1 ～ LD2）组青贮料pH分别为4.54、4.50,比对照组高。纤维素酶组及纤维素酶+乳酸菌组氨态氮含量比对照组含量分别低18.44%、26.95%、16.31%。LD2组青贮料中无丙酸、丁酸产生。杂交狼尾草青贮时单独添加纤维素酶,青贮饲料粗蛋白质（CP）含量较对照组高6.08%（P < 0.05）,酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）分别低于对照组2.93%、4.81%（P < 0.05）,表明单独添加纤维素酶能够提高青贮品质。青贮料中添加乳酸菌益4-J1,可有效抑制丙酸、丁酸产生,对青贮品质有改善作用。 [关键词] 纤维素酶|乳酸菌|“桂牧1号”杂交狼尾草|青贮品质     

乳酸菌和纤维素酶对狼尾草和圆叶决明混合青贮品质的影响

为研究青贮添加剂对狼尾草和圆叶决明混合青贮效果的影响,利用乳酸菌、纤维素酶作为青贮添加剂对狼尾草和圆叶决明(混合比例为75∶25)进行混合青贮研究.试验设4个处理组,分别为对照组(无添加),试验Ⅰ组(添加≥1.0×105CFU·g-1乳酸菌剂),试验Ⅱ组(添加0.2g·kg-1纤维素酶),试验Ⅲ组(同时添加≥1.0×1...     

Fermentation quality and aerobic stability of mulberry silage prepared with lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid

The objective of this study was to examine the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of mulberry (Morus alba L.) silage prepared with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and propionic acid (PA). The selected LAB strains Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum LC365281 (L1) and L. brevis LC365282 (L2), and commercial inoculant strains L. plantarum Gaofuji (GF) and L. buchneri Fresh (FR), and PA were used as additives for silage preparation. Silage treatments were designed as control, L1, L2, GF, FR, PA, PA + L1, PA + L2, PA + GF, or PA + FR. After 30 days of ensiling, the fermentation quality of silages treated with PA + L1 was improved, with a lower (p < 0.05) pH and NH₃‐N content than those of other treatments. During the aerobic exposure, the PA + LAB‐treated silages displayed an aerobic stability with stable pH value and lactic acid content. The results confirm that L. plantarum L1 and PA were the best additive combination for ensiling mulberry.     

尖叶胡枝子青贮微生物数量变化及发酵特性

以尖叶胡枝子（Lespedeza hedysaroides）为原料,对其表面附生的2株乳酸菌（LH29、LH33）的生化特性、生长特性、产酸速率进行了研究,经传统鉴定方法及16S rRNA分析方法鉴定,LH29为戊糖片球菌,LH33为植物乳杆菌;发酵初期戊糖片球菌产酸速率优于植物乳杆菌,发酵中后期后者产酸速率优于前者;将SNOW LACT L (SL)和纤维素酶(AC) 2种添加剂添加至尖叶胡枝子中,研究了不同发酵时间微生物数量的动态变化及发酵品质。发酵初期,各种微生物的数量较青贮原料上的数量有较大的增长,发酵第2天,添加AC处理组的乳酸菌数量最高,SL+AC添加组的乳酸菌的数量显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,发酵第30天,乳酸菌、好氧细菌、酵母菌、霉菌及大肠杆菌的数量有所减少,大肠杆菌减少更明显;各添加组与对照组相比,氨态氮及丁酸含量显著降低（P＜0.05）,乳酸含量明显提高（P＜0.05）。通过Flieg青贮饲料评分方案得出直接青贮饲料的发酵品质较差,等级为劣,而添加AC及SL+AC处理的青贮饲料发酵品质Flieg等级为优。     

Screening of antifreeze-thawed lactic acid bacteria and their effects on oat silage fermentation quality and aerobic stability北大核心CSCD

The effects of freeze-thaw conditions on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of oat silage were investigated. Four strains of freeze-thaw-resistant lactic acid bacteria（LAB）with rapid growth and efficient acid production were screened from 437 strains,which had been isolated from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Based on physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence alignment,the four strains were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum 157（LP157）,L. plantarum 160（LP160）,Lactobacillus brevis 248（LB248）,and Lactobacillus pentosus 260（LPE260）. In order to investigate their effects on the fermentation quality,nutrient composition,microbial counts and aerobic stability of oat silage under freeze-thaw conditions,seven treatments were tested as follows：1）LP157;2）LP160;3）LB248;4）LPE260;5）LP160+Lactobacillus rhamnosus 753 mixture （MIX）;6）A commercial bacterial silage additive（COM）;7）The same amount of sterilized distilled water（CK）. All treatments were ensiled for 60 days at a constant temperature of 20 ℃ and under a 20 ℃/-5 ℃ regime alternating every 12 h（freeze-thaw）. LP inoculation improved silage quality：The pH and dry matter loss in silages inoculated with LP157,LP160,LB248 and LPE260 were significantly lower than CK（P<0. 05）and lactic acid and acetic acid contents were significantly higher than CK（P<0. 05）,and the growth of spoilage micro-organisms such as coliform bacteria,yeast and mold were inhibited,both with fermentation at constant 20 ℃ and under freeze-thaw conditions. After aerobic exposure for 5 days,the pH and NH3-N of silages treated with LP157,LP160,LB248 and LPE260 were significantly（P<0. 05） lower than CK,MIX and COM. The aerobic stability of oat silage was improved,especially when inoculated with LP160（70 h vs. CK 11 h）. The results show that the four screened strains can be used as effective LAB inoculants for silage preparation in the freeze-thaw environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

乳酸菌青贮添加剂的研究与应用

很多添加剂被用来促进青贮发酵过程,其中研究最广泛的就是乳酸菌青贮添加剂。本文主要阐述了在青贮中加入乳酸菌添加剂可以促进作物的发酵速度,并且改善家畜的生产性能。     

乳酸菌添加剂对王草青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响

为提高王草青贮发酵品质与有氧稳定性,对材料水分含量(高、中、低)和添加剂(无添加:CK;乳酸菌A:LA;乳酸菌B:LB;乳酸菌A与B混合添加:LA+LB)的影响进行了研究。试验结果表明,所有处理的王草发酵品质都良好,中水分含量王草的发酵品质优于高水分和低水分。LA对王草发酵品质无显著影响,但使高、中水分含量王草发酵品质达到最佳。LB与LA+LB显著增加了高、中水分含量王草的pH值(P<0.05),极显著降低了乳酸/乙酸、乳酸/总酸和乳酸含量 (P<0.01),明显增加了乙酸含量。青贮开封后,LB与LA+LB处理的王草青贮料有氧稳定性较好。     

添加乳酸菌和菠萝皮对柱花草青贮品质的影响

柱花草是热带、亚热带的优质豆科牧草,蛋白含量高、营养品质好,为促进柱花草的加工利用,本试验研究了添加不同乳酸菌和菠萝皮对其青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响。青贮处理为CK(对照)、LQ(青贮宝)、LF(发酵乳杆菌)、LP(植物乳杆菌)、LS(鼠李糖乳杆菌)、B(20%菠萝皮)、BLQ(B+LQ)、BLF(B+LF)、BLP(B+LP)、BLS(B+LS)。添加处理后青贮60 d进行分析。结果表明,柱花草含有较少的可溶性碳水化合物和乳酸菌,自然青贮其pH超过5.0,发酵品质差;所有添加物都显著降低pH、增加乳酸含量(P＜0.05),明显改善了柱花草青贮料的发酵品质。单独添加菠萝皮的丁酸和NH₃-N含量显著高于所有单独添加乳酸菌(P＜0.05),pH与LP以外的其他3种乳酸菌差异不显著(P＞0.05)。除LP的乙酸含量较高,丁酸含量较低外,4种乳酸菌对其他各个发酵指标的影响没有显著差异(P＞0.05)。本试验所用4种乳酸菌与菠萝皮混合添加,都进一步改善了柱花草青贮料的发酵品质,特别是BLP的青贮效果最佳,其pH值、乙酸和NH₃-N含量低,乳酸含量及乳酸与乙酸比高。青贮袋开封后,包括对照在内的所有青贮料的有氧稳定性均较佳。     

添加丙酸和乳酸菌对杂交狼尾草青贮发酵品质的影响

研究丙酸、乳酸菌和两者组合不同添加水平对杂交狼尾草（Pennisetum americanum×P.purpereum）青贮发酵品质的影响。试验设对照(无添加)、乳酸菌(LAB)、0.2%丙酸、0.3%丙酸、0.4%丙酸、0.5%丙酸、0.2%丙酸+乳酸菌、0.3%丙酸+乳酸菌、0.4%丙酸+乳酸菌、0.5%丙酸+乳酸菌（占鲜质量比例）处理,青贮45 d后开袋分析。结果表明,添加丙酸可以有效改善杂交狼尾草的青贮品质,最佳添加量为0.3%;添加乳酸菌有助于提高杂交狼尾草的有氧稳定性。     

不同乳酸菌添加剂对全株玉米青贮品质、瘤胃降解率及有氧稳定性的影响

试验旨在研究不同种类乳酸菌对全株玉米青贮品质、瘤胃降解率及有氧稳定性的影响,筛选适合全株玉米青贮发酵的最佳乳酸菌添加剂.以蜡熟期收割的全株玉米为材料,分别调制5种乳酸菌添加剂青贮和无添加青贮(对照组),发酵60 d以后取样,测定其发酵品质、营养成分、瘤胃降解率及有氧稳定性.结果 表明:发酵60 d后,对照组和各处理组青...     

乳酸菌固态混合发酵研究

以玉米粉、豆粕、麦麸为基质,以保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌为发酵菌种,采用固态发酵技术,以活菌数为指标,通过单因素和L9(34)正交试验确定了三种菌混合发酵的最佳条件,并对其发酵产物的常规营养成分进行分析测定。结果表明:固态基质中玉米粉:豆粕:麦麸=1:1:1、培养基初始含水量80%p、H值6.3、接种量为10%、三种菌接种比例为1:1:1、发酵温度40℃时的发酵效果最好。在此条件下,保加利亚乳杆菌数为3.0×109 CFU/g,嗜酸乳杆菌数为4.6×109 CFU/g,嗜热链球菌数为5.8×109 CFU/g,发酵产物粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和氨基酸态氮含量分别是发酵前的1.16、1.12和6.94倍。为开发一种新型生物饲料打下基础。     

乳酸菌和烷基多糖苷对玉米秸秆黄贮品质及其体外发酵特性影响研究

研究玉米秸秆中添加乳酸菌和烷基多糖苷时对其黄贮品质与体外发酵特性的影响。采用3×3双因素试验设计,即乳酸菌设3个水平(0、1×10¹⁰、2×10¹⁰ CFU·kg^-1),烷基多糖苷设3个水平(0、0.10、0.20 g·kg^-1),每个处理3个重复。玉米秸秆黄贮完成后,采用体外发酵技术评定其瘤胃发酵特性。结果表明:随乳酸菌添加水平的上升,黄贮玉米秸乳酸含量、比表面积、外观总评分、酸性洗涤纤维和干物质含量显著(P<0.05)提高,氨氮/总氮显著(P<0.05)降低,体外发酵潜在最大产气量显著(P<0.05)增加、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度极显著(P<0.01)增加、产气速率显著(P<0.05)降低;随烷基多糖苷添加水平的升高,黄贮玉米秸外观总评分、酸性洗涤纤维和干物质含量、以及体外发酵后Zeta电位、电子迁移率及干物质消失率显著(P<0.05)升高;黄贮玉米秸粗蛋白质、pH值、乙酸和异丁酸含量以及体外发酵后丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸和异戊酸的摩尔百分比受乳酸菌与烷基多糖苷交互作用(P<0.05)的影响。结果表明:乳酸菌添加量为2×10¹⁰ CFU·kg^-1,烷基多糖苷添加量为0.2 g·kg^-1时,既能够保证玉米秸秆较好的黄贮品质,同时又能提高其降解特性。     

不同浓度乳酸菌对构树枝叶青贮品质的影响

试验旨在研究不同浓度乳酸菌对于构树枝叶青贮品质的影响.共5个处理组,对照组(LA0)不使用添加剂,试验组青贮料调制时分别添加乳酸菌1×105 CFU/mL(LA5)、1×106 CFU/mL(LA6)、1×107 CFU/mL(LA7)以及1×106 CFU/mL+2％糖蜜+4％纤维素酶(混合添加剂组),每个处理组设4...     

Characteristics of isolated lactic acid bacteria and their effectiveness to improve stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis Sw.) silage quality at various temperatures

Two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, Pediococcus pentosaceus SC1 and Lactobacillus paraplantarum SC2 isolated from king grass silage, were characterized and their effectiveness to improve the silage fermentation quality of stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis Sw.) was studied. Strain SC1 was able to grow at a high temperature of 45°C, while SC2 did not. SC2 normally grew at a low pH of 4.0, while SC1 could not. These two strains and a commercial inoculant of LAB (L. plantarum, LP) were used as additives to stylo silage preparation at various temperatures (20°C, 30°C and 40°C). All LAB inoculants significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the pH value and ammonia-N content, and increased the ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid and quality score compared with the control. In addition, inoculating LAB strains markedly (P < 0.05) reduced butyric acid content at the temperatures of 30°C and 40°C. Compared to SC2 and LP strains, strain SC1 was the most effective for improving stylo silage quality at 20°C, indicated by the increase in lactic acid, ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid and quality score. At 30°C and 40°C, there were no significant differences among SC1, SC2 and LP treatments in pH values, contents of acetic acid, butyric acid and ammonia-N (P > 0.05).