共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Akiko Takasuga 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(2):159-167
A recent progress on stature genetics has revealed simple genetic architecture in livestock animals in contrast to that in humans. PLAG1 and/or NCAPG‐LCORL, both of which are known as a locus for adult human height, have been detected for association with body weight/height in cattle and horses, and for selective sweep in dogs and pigs. The findings indicate a significant impact of these loci on mammalian growth or body size and usefulness of the natural variants for selective breeding. However, association with an unfavorable trait, such as late puberty or risk for a neuropathic disease, was also reported for the respective loci, indicating an importance to discriminate between causality and association. Here I review the recent findings on quantitative trait loci (QTL) for stature in livestock animals, mainly focusing on the PLAG1 and NCAPG‐LCORL loci. I also describe our recent efforts to identify the causative variation for the third major locus for carcass weight in Japanese Black cattle. 相似文献
2.
Ripon Chandra Paul Trung Ba Nguyen Yu Okuda Thu Nu Anh Le Jovilisi Mosese Dau Tabuyaqona Yuri Konishi Yoshi Kawamoto Ken Nozawa Tetsuo Kunieda 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)
There are currently eight native horse populations in Japan, namely, Hokkaido, Kiso, Noma, Taishu, Misaki, Tokara, Miyako, and Yonaguni horses. Since locomotion traits, including gaitedness, are important for riding and packing horses, the genetic properties associated with these traits could be informative for understanding the characteristics and history of these horses. In this study, we investigated the distribution of the mutant allele of DMRT3 gene (DMRT3:p.Ser301Ter) associated with ambling gaits in the Japanese native horse. We also examined haplotypes of SNPs in the 83‐kb region including DMRT3 gene by genotyping four SNPs in this region. The results revealed the presence of DMRT3:p.Ser301Ter in the Hokkaido and Yonaguni populations at allele frequencies of 0.18 and 0.02, respectively, and the observed haplotype associated with DMRT3:p.Ser301Ter was estimated as the most common haplotype in the horses in the world. Since DMRT3:p.Ser301Ter has been hypothesized to spread across Eurasian continent from Medieval England after 850 to 900 CE, our findings of the presence of DMRT3:p.Ser301Ter with the common haplotype in the Japanese native horses will provide a new insight into the history of the Japanese native horse, such as considerable level of gene flow from Eurasian continent after 850 to 900 CE. 相似文献
3.
采用PCR-SSCP技术分析了3个不同绵羊品种（杜泊绵羊、小尾寒羊、晋中绵羊）肌肉生长抑制素（MSTN）基因的单核苷酸多态性.根据3个绵羊品种MSTN基因Exon1（P1）、Exon2（P2和P3）和Exon3（P4和P5）序列设计5对PCR-SSCP引物并扩增,经SSCP分析,P1位点检测到A和B两个等位基因,AA、AB、BB三种基因型;且在晋中绵羊上处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,而在小尾寒羊和杜泊绵羊上极显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态.P2和P5位点没有检测到多态位点.P3位点检测到A和B两个等位基因,AA、BB两种基因型;且在3个绵羊品种上极显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态.P4位点检测到A、B和C三个等位基因,AA、AB、AC三种基因型;且在小尾寒羊上处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,在晋中绵羊上处于Hardy-Weinberg不平衡状态,在杜泊绵羊上极显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态. 相似文献
4.
Boman IA Klemetsdal G Nafstad O Blichfeldt T Våge DI 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2011,128(1):52-55
In this study we show that selection based on progeny testing is able to induce a rapid change in allele frequency, even when a fairly broad and balanced breeding goal is applied. The myostatin 3'-UTR mutation (c.*1232G>A) previously found to affect muscularity in Texel sheep is also present in the Norwegian White Sheep population. By genotyping the rams used for artificial insemination (born in1977-2006), a rapid increase in the c.*1232G>A allele frequency was observed, from 0.31 in 1990 to 0.82 in 2006. The major increase was observed after BLUP-based breeding values and the EUROP classification system for carcass quality was implemented in 1991 and 1996, respectively. The MSTN frameshift mutation c.960delG, recently identified in this population, did not show a similar increase in allele frequency during the same period, in spite that it has a strong desirable effect on meat and fat traits. The results also illustrate that unwanted side effects can rapidly be introduced into a population using an efficient breeding scheme. A system for monitoring changes in phenotypic traits additional to those under selection is therefore recommended to identify possible side effects at an early stage. 相似文献
5.
部分地方鸡种微卫星DNA指纹分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用20个微卫星标记对我国19个地方鸡种保种群进行了遗传检测,计算各群体的等位基因频率、平均基因杂合度、平均多态信息含量及各群体间的遗传距离,并用类平均法进行聚类分析。研究结果表明:20个微卫星标记在19个地方鸡种保种群共检测到184个等位基因,平均为9.2个,基因频率分布在0.013-0.838之间。19个地方鸡种平均杂合度在0.5824-0.7432之间。其中藏鸡最高,白耳鸡最低。平均多态信息含量在0.5238-0.7023之间,均大于0.5,表现为高度多态性;19个鸡种聚为6类。各鸡种的遗传距离及聚类结果与所保存的地方鸡种的地理分布、现实状况是相吻合的,从而表明用该方法分析品种间的亲缘关系是可行的。 相似文献
6.
The DMRT3 gene is described as the main gene involved in the determination of gait phenotypes in horses, and the allele A of the 22999655C>A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) has been reported as a causal variant of this trait. In the Mangalarga Marchador breed, which exhibits two gait patterns with well-defined characteristics, genotypes AA and CA are associated with marcha picada and genotype CC with marcha batida. In this breed, allele A of the DMRT3 gene is only related to the marcha picada gait. The objective of this study was to identify the type of control of the marcha batida gait and to investigate SNPs and genomic regions responsible for this phenotype in Mangalarga Marchador horses. Forty-eight horses belonging to the two gait groups, marcha picada with AA and CA genotypes of the 22999655C>A SNP (n = 20) and marcha batida with CC genotype (n = 28), were analyzed using the Equine SNP70 BeadChip. The genome-wide association study result shows for the first time that, in contrast to the marcha picada gait phenotype that is apparently determined by a single gene (DMRT3) in which allele A of variant g.22999655C>A controls the trait, the marcha batida gait is controlled by a larger number of genes. Because of the small number of animals used in the two groups compared, the genomic regions associated with smaller effects on the marcha batida gait could not be identified. 相似文献
7.
Masahito KAWAI Hanako HISANO Yumiko YABU Naoki YABU Sakae MATSUOKA 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(5):435-440
The intake, digestibility, and grazing behavior of Hokkaido native horses were investigated in winter woodland with underlying Sasa senanensis. Twenty Hokkaido native horses were grazed in a woodland (8.52 ha) for 14 days in December (snowy; 20 cm of snow fall) and in November (non‐snowy) of the next year. Three mares (360 kg of average bodyweight) were used in each experiment. The fecal collection, used to investigate the intake and digestibility by the double‐indicator method, and behavioral observations were carried out for 24 h on the 6th day in each experiment. During the snowy and non‐snowy periods, the dry matter intakes of sasa foliage were 7.3 and 9.6 kg/d, respectively, which is 2.1 and 2.7% when expressed as a percentage of bodyweight. The apparent digestibility of nutrients and energy released during the snowy and non‐snowy periods were similar. The proportions of digestible energy intakes to maintenance requirement in the mares were 119 and 164% during the snowy and non‐snowy periods, respectively. Their bodyweight remained constant during the non‐snowy period; however, a slight loss in their bodyweight was observed during the snowy period. The duration of grazing on sasa foliage was 416 and 544 min/d during the snowy and non‐snowy periods, respectively, the daily grazing area of the mares during these periods was 2.0 and 5.1 ha, respectively. In other words, the area during the snowy period was smaller than that during the non‐snowy period (P < 0.05). Fallen snow, even with a depth of approximately 20 cm, inhibited the grazing behavior and intake of sasa foliage by Hokkaido native horses grazing in winter woodland pasture. 相似文献
8.
Hui Zhang Linyong Shen Yumao Li Zichun Xu Xinyang Zhang Jiaqiang Yu Zhiping Cao Peng Luan 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2019,136(5):351-361
The plasma very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentration is an effective blood biochemical indicator that could be used to select lean chicken lines. In the current study, we used Genome‐wide association study (GWAS) method to detect SNPs with significant effects on plasma VLDL concentration. As a result, 38 SNPs significantly associated with plasma VLDL concentration were identified using at least one of the three mixed linear model (MLM) packages, including GRAMMAR, EMMAX and GEMMA. Nearly, all these SNPs with significant effects on plasma VLDL concentration (except Gga_rs16160897) have significantly different allele frequencies between lean and fat lines. The 1‐Mb regions surrounding these 38 SNPs were extracted, and twelve important regions were obtained after combining the overlaps. A total of 122 genes in these twelve important regions were detected. Among these genes, LRRK2, ABCD2, TLR4, E2F1, SUGP1, NCAN, KLF2 and RAB8A were identified as important genes for plasma VLDL concentration based on their basic functions. The results of this study may supply useful information to select lean chicken lines. 相似文献
9.
本研究旨在揭示肌抑素（MSTN）与基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）的调控关系,探明MSTN对PK15细胞MMP-2/7/9表达的影响。对MSTN单等位基因敲除猪背膘组织进行转录组测序分析,复苏前期制备的MSTN基因敲除PK15细胞系：单等位基因敲除的PK3108细胞系和双等位基因敲除的L18细胞系,通过实时荧光定量PCR和Wesrern blotting分别检测PK15、PK3108和L18细胞系中MSTN、MMP-2/7/9基因的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果发现,与野生型猪相比,MSTN单等位基因敲除猪背膘组织转录因子C/EBPδ、MMP-2/7基因mRNA表达量均极显著下调（P < 0.01）;细胞外基质中纤连蛋白（FN）和层连接蛋白（LN）含量均极显著增加（P < 0.01）。复苏的PK3108和L18细胞呈现绿色荧光。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,PK3108和L18细胞中MSTN、MMP-2/7/9的mRNA表达量均极显著低于PK15细胞（P < 0.01）;Western blotting结果显示,PK3108和L18细胞中MSTN、MMP-2/7/9的蛋白表达量均明显低于PK15细胞。本研究结果表明,在MSTN基因敲除的PK15细胞中,MSTN功能缺失能显著降低MMP-2/7/9的表达,且MMP-2/7/9蛋白表达降低的趋势与MSTN蛋白表达的趋势相一致。 相似文献
10.
Makoto KANEDA Bang Zhong LIN Shinji SASAZAKI Kenji OYAMA Hideyuki MANNEN 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(6):717-721
Allele frequencies of 10 representative polymorphisms for beef and milk traits were investigated for a total of 240 animals from Bos taurus and Bos indicus breeds, including two Japanese groups (Japanese Black and Japanese Brown), two East Asian groups (Korean and Mongolian), three European groups (Holstein, Angus and Hereford) and a Bos indicus group in South Asia (Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia). The Japanese Black revealed unique genetic construction in GH, FASN and SREBP‐1 and the other Asian populations show intermediate frequencies between European and Japanese populations. The Bos indicus group showed low favorable allele frequencies in most of the genes. The study showed the variability and distribution of 10 genes affecting economic traits among world representative cattle breeds. The genetic information would contribute to elucidating the genetic background for worldwide cattle breeds and the possibility of improvement using the markers. 相似文献
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The present study investigated the parameter settings for obtaining a simulated genome at steady state of allele frequency (mutation–drift equilibrium) and linkage disequilibrium (LD), and evaluated the impact of whether or not the simulated genome reached steady state of allele frequency and LD on the accuracy of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs). After 500 to 50 000 historical generations, the base population and subsequent seven generations were generated as recent populations. The allele frequency distribution of the last generations of the historical population and LD in the base population were calculated when varying the values of five parameters: initial minor allele frequency, mutation rate, effective population size, number of markers and chromosome length. The accuracies of GEBVs in the last generation of the recent population were calculated by genomic best linear unbiased prediction. The number of historical generations required to reach mutation–drift equilibrium depended on the initial allele frequency and mutation rate. Regardless of the parameters, LD reached a steady state before allele frequency distribution reached mutation–drift equilibrium. The accuracies of GEBVs largely reflect the extent of linkage disequilibrium with the exception of varying chromosome length, although there were no associations between the accuracies of GEBVs and allele frequency distribution. 相似文献
13.
R. Abdollahi‐Arpanahi A. Pakdel A. Nejati‐Javaremi M. Moradi Shahrbabak G. Morota B.D. Valente A. Kranis G.J.M. Rosa D. Gianola 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2014,131(3):183-193
The aim of this study was to separate marked additive genetic variability for three quantitative traits in chickens into components associated with classes of minor allele frequency (MAF), individual chromosomes and marker density using the genomewide complex trait analysis (GCTA) approach. Data were from 1351 chickens measured for body weight (BW), ultrasound of breast muscle (BM) and hen house egg production (HHP), each bird with 354 364 SNP genotypes. Estimates of variance components show that SNPs on commercially available genotyping chips marked a large amount of genetic variability for all three traits. The estimated proportion of total variation tagged by all autosomal SNPs was 0.30 (SE 0.04) for BW, 0.33 (SE 0.04) for BM, and 0.19 (SE 0.05) for HHP. We found that a substantial proportion of this variation was explained by low frequency variants (MAF <0.20) for BW and BM, and variants with MAF 0.10–0.30 for HHP. The marked genetic variance explained by each chromosome was linearly related to its length (R2 = 0.60) for BW and BM. However, for HHP, there was no linear relationship between estimates of variance and length of the chromosome (R2 = 0.01). Our results suggest that the contribution of SNPs to marked additive genetic variability is dependent on the allele frequency spectrum. For the sample of birds analysed, it was found that increasing marker density beyond 100K SNPs did not capture additional additive genetic variance. 相似文献
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Naoto WATANABE Takahisa YAMADA Sachiyo YOSHIOKA Masayuki ITOH Youichi SATOH Masako FURUTA Shigeki KOMATSU Yoshihiko SUMIO Tatsuo FUJITA Yoshiyuki SASAKI 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(1):142-144
Our previous study detected a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), g.1471620G > T , in the 5' flanking region of the endothelial differentiation sphingolipid G-protein-coupled receptor 1 ( EDG1 ) gene, which has been considered as a positional functional candidate for the gene responsible for marbling, and showed association of the g.1471620G > T SNP with marbling in Japanese Black beef cattle. In the present study, we investigated the allele frequency distribution of the g.1471620G > T SNP among the 5 cattle breeds, Japanese Black, Japanese Brown, Japanese Short Horn, Holstein, and Brown Swiss breeds. The T allele at the g.1471620G > T SNP associated with high marbling was found at high frequency in Japanese Black breed that has been subjected to a strong selection for high marbling, while the allele was absent or at very low frequencies in the other breeds that have not been strongly selected for high marbling. Based on this finding, we hypothesized that the pressure of the strong selection for high marbling in Japanese Black breed has increased the frequency of the T allele at the g.1471620G > T SNP in the EDG1 . 相似文献
16.
Ken-ichi Tamura Takako Kiyoshi Akito Kubota Akira Arakawa Masahiro Fujimori Jun-ichi Yonemaru 《Grassland Science》2023,69(1):65-78
Genetic relatedness and diversity of 62 cultivars and breeding lines of tetraploid Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.; 39 accessions) and its interspecific hybrids, Festulolium (18 accessions), and hybrid ryegrass (Lolium × hybridum Hausskn.; 5 accessions), mainly from Japan, were revealed based on 2,824 genome-wide allele frequencies obtained by the genotyping by random amplicon sequencing-direct (GRAS-Di) method using bulk genomic DNA testing. Genomic composition of each accession was estimated according to the occurrence of 77,373 unique GRAS-Di sequences in the reference population consisting of diploid Italian ryegrass, meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.), and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The high correlation coefficient (0.98) between the fescue-specific reads ratio and the previously obtained f-ratio of genomic in situ hybridization in Festulolium cultivars suggests the usefulness of this simple method. Both cluster analysis based on Nei's standard genetic distance (DST) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that groups were formed largely by species. However, the complex heritage of Lolium-Festuca (Festulolium) materials could not be determined by species registration or breeding history alone. Some Festulolium accessions were closely related to Italian ryegrass, whereas some defined as Italian ryegrass may actually be interspecific hybrids. The high genetic diversity of Festulolium compared to Italian ryegrass and hybrid ryegrass revealed by PCA seems due to the wide range of fescue-specific read ratios (0.04–33.0%). Tetraploid Italian ryegrass did not show clear structural differentiation, but some genetic relationships attributable to breeding history were demonstrated. Mean pairwise DST of tetraploid Italian ryegrass cultivars was significantly lower than that of diploids. Tetraploids and diploids could be separated by PCA plot. Although mean expected heterozygosities of tetraploid and diploid cultivars were not significantly different, the results suggest that the utilization of diploid genetic resources is effective in maintaining and increasing the genetic diversity of breeding populations of tetraploid Italian ryegrass. 相似文献
17.
The aim of this study was to investigate beta-casein polymorphism among 320 Japanese cows sampled from eight dairy farms. We used a newly-developed genotyping method that involved collecting DNA from hairs and a Cycleave polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect the A1, A2, and B variants. Results revealed the presence of five genotypes (A1A1, A2A2, A1A2, A1B, and A2B). We found that the most common genotype was A2A2 (0.42), followed by A1A2 (0.39) and A1A1 (0.11). The A1B and A2B genotypes were less frequent (<0.05). The frequencies of alleles A1, A2, and B were calculated to be 0.32, 0.64, and 0.04, respectively. Our study is the first to show the current status of beta-casein polymorphisms in Japanese dairy farms. Given the adverse effects of A1 beta-casein on human health, attempts have been made to develop herds consisting solely of A2A2 cows. Our study provides a reference for improving cow populations in Japanese dairy farms. The Cycleave PCR-based assay we developed here can be used for rapid and reliable genotyping of bovine beta-casein. 相似文献
18.
2007年华北地区H3N8亚型马流感病毒的分离与鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2007年10月,华北地区某赛马场的马同时发生了以发烧、流水样鼻汁或脓性分泌物、咳嗽等临床症状为主的疾病,疑似马流行性感冒。采集患病赛马的鼻腔分泌物,发病期和发病后14d血清,经鸡胚接种法分离病毒,并用鸡红细胞血凝抑制试验(HI)、神经氨酸酶抑制试验(NI)、病毒回归试验、血清学检测和基因序列分析对分离的病毒进行了系统鉴定。结果表明分离的毒株(A/equine/Huabei/1/2007(H3N8)为马源H3N8亚型马流感病毒,基因型属于美洲分支。我们通过动物回归感染试验建立起分离毒株的实验感染模型。 相似文献
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Yoshinobu UEMOTO Nanae SASAGO Tsuyoshi ABE Hideki OKADA Hitomi MARUOKA Hiroaki NAKAJIMA Noriaki SHOJI Shin MARUYAMA Naohiko KOBAYASHI Hideyuki MANNEN Eiji KOBAYASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(11):719-726
Genome‐wide association mapping for complex traits in cattle populations is a powerful, but expensive, selection tool. The DNA pooling technique can potentially reduce the cost of genome‐wide association studies. However, in DNA pooling design, the additional variance generated by pooling‐specific errors must be taken into account. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate factors such as: (i) the accuracy of allele frequency estimation; (ii) the magnitude of errors in pooling construction and in the array; and (iii) the effect of the number of replicate arrays on P‐values estimated by a genome‐wide association study. Results showed that the Illumina correction method is the most effective method to correct the allele frequency estimation; pooling errors, especially array variance, should be taken into account in DNA pooling design; and the risk of a type I error can be reduced by using at least two replicate arrays. These results indicate the practical capability and cost‐effectiveness of pool‐based genome‐wide association studies using the BovineSNP50 array in a cattle population. 相似文献