Acquisition of Insect-Resistant Transgenic Maize Harboring a Truncated cry1Ah Gene via Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation

A novel insecticidal gene cry1Ah was cloned from Bacillus thuringiensis isolate BT8 previously for plant genetic engineering improvement. Truncated active Cry1Ah toxin has a toxicity level similar to that of the full-length Cry1Ah toxin. In this study, plant expression vector pMhGM harboring truncated cry1Ah gene was transformed into maize (Zea mays L.) immature embryos by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation at which maize alcohol dehydrogenase matrix attachment regions (madMARs) were incorporated on both sides of the gene expression cassette to improve gene expression. A total of 23 PCR positive events were obtained with a transformation efficiency of 5% around. Bioassay results showed that events 1-4 and 1-5 exhibited enhanced resistance to the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis). These two events were further confirmed by molecular analysis. Southern blot suggested that a single copy of the cry1Ah gene was successfully integrated into the maize genome. Western blot and ELISA showed that the foreign gene cry1Ah was expressed stably at high level in maize and could be inherited stably over generations. The results of a bioassay of T1-T4 transgenic maize plants indicated that the transgenic plants were highly toxic to the Asian corn borer and their resistance could be inherited stably from generation to generation. Thus, events 1-4 and 1-5 are good candidates for the breeding of insect-resistant maize.     

花粉介导法将水稻OsSIK1基因导入玉米自交系的研究

采用超声波辅助的花粉介导法,将含有OsSIK1基因的植物表达载体导入3个玉米自交系中,在当代直接得到了T0转化处理种子。卡那霉素筛选和PCR检测表明,外源基因已整合到玉米基因组中。通过对这3个自交系的转化处理结实率、转化率和导入基因遗传率的比较分析,证明花粉介导法对不同自交系品种的转化率之间存在差异,从而得出自交系品种郑58和昌7-2更适合采用花粉介导法进行遗传转化。     

农杆菌介导法将pac1基因转入烟草的研究

以烟草叶片为外植体,利用农杆菌介导法首次将pac1基因转入吉林省主栽烟草品种吉烟9号、龙江911-21和云烟87中.经过卡那霉素抗性筛选,初步获得吉烟9号转化植株43株、龙江911-21转化植株61株、云烟87转化植株43株.经PCR检测,转化烟草吉烟9号的PCR阳性率为21/43,龙江911-21的PCR阳性率为32/61,云烟87的PCR阳性率为24/43.经PCR检测为阳性的植株均能扩增出与目的片断大小一致的特异性条带,初步表明pac1基因已经转到这些烟草基因组中.从PCR扩增稳定的转基因烟草中随机抽取5株,同时以非转基因烟草为对照,进行Southern Blot分析,结果表明目的基因pac1己经被成功地整合到烟草基因组中.     

转Bar基因玉米基因漂移的研究

转基因植物发生基因漂移可能引起的生态环境安全性问题已经引起广泛关注,实验采用转Bar基因抗除草剂玉米为试材,进行了外源基因遗传漂移距离和频率的研究。结果表明,转基因玉米的漂移率与距离成正相关,最大漂移频率为37.78%,隔离距离以150m以上为好。     

转基因抗虫水稻的研究进展

本文综述了转基因抗虫水稻国内外研究的最新进展,阐述了利用生物工程技术进行转基因的程序和技术方法,指出了当前国内外转基因抗虫水稻研究存在的问题,提出了转基因抗虫水稻对人类安全性问题、昆虫产生抗性问题,并从基因构建、启动子选用等方面提出了解决途径     

转Bt cry1Ah/cry1Ie双价基因抗虫玉米的研究

构建了含有人工改造的抗虫基因Bt cry1Ah、cry1Ie和耐除草剂基因2mG2-epsps的植物表达载体pMUHUESGM,利用基因枪法将表达盒片段转化玉米愈伤组织,以2mG2-epsps基因为筛选标记基因,经草甘膦异丙胺盐筛选获得24株T0代再生植株,其中PCR检测阳性植株有20株。T0和T1代植株的分子检测结果证明了外源基因已经整合到玉米基因组中并能够稳定遗传和表达,转基因株系在田间生物活性检测中表现出较好的抗虫性,这为培育抗虫玉米新品种提供了参考,同时本研究中采用了基因枪片段转化法,提高了转基因的生物安全性。     

用基因枪法将防御素基因转入玉米并再生植株初报

用玉米７５、７７、７×１的愈伤组织为受体，通过基因枪轰击法将防御素基因转入玉米细胞，然后用卡那霉素筛选及分化培养，现已获得一再生植株。     

用基因枪法将Bt杀虫基因导入玉米自交系的研究

利用PDSl000／氦气基因枪将人工合成的Bt基因导入玉米自交系340,8902,吉853,Mo17等的愈伤组织,在含有除草剂Basta2～5mg／L的培养基上筛选与分化。经3轮的除草剂筛选获得1840块抗性愈伤组织。再生860个植株。Southern blot分析证明,3个植株中整合有成基因。     

转基因玉米的定性PCR检测

根据玉米内参照基因zSSIIb和转基因玉米中常见的CaMV35S、NOS、Bt、hpt等基因的特异性结构,设计5对定性PCR引物,经定性PCR检测,可以准确地将转基因玉米的目的基因检出,说明这5对引物具有较高的特异性和准确性。由此建立了一套转基因玉米定性PCR检测方法,用于转基因玉米及其产品的筛查、抽检。     

农杆菌介导的优良玉米自交系遗传转化体系的建立

以杂交育种中广泛使用的优良玉米自交系340,4112为材料，用带有质粒pGBIL04(actin.Bt.35S.bar)的根癌农杆菌LBA4404转化其幼胚及其初始愈伤组织，经PPT抗性筛选后分化再生植株，PCR分子检测初步证明Bt基因已整合到再生植株基因组中，转化率为1.68%-4.44%。本实验利用转化受体的抗性筛选频率对转化体系进行了优化，结果表明：比较适宜的感染液浓度为OD600=0.5；预培养有利于幼胚转化，预培养时间以刚刚诱导出新鲜稳定的初始愈伤为宜。适当降低共培养温度到22℃可以提高农杆菌介导的玉米遗传转化的筛选频率和PCR阳性率。     

外源基因在转基因抗虫油菜中的遗传行为

为了选育出稳定的转基因抗虫油菜新品种，采用卡那霉素抗性分析和PCR检测技术对转基因抗虫油菜中Bt杀虫蛋白基因的遗传行进行了研究，连续三代的研究结果表明，Bt杀虫蛋白基因以单拷贝、杂合地整合到转基因植株（T01，T02，T03，T05，T06，T07，T08）的基因组中，并稳定地遗传给后代，纯合转基因株系杂交分析表明，在不同T0转基因植株中Bt杀虫蛋白基因整合位点是不同的，T01和T05或T03和T08的Bt杀虫蛋白若整位点是同源染色体的不同座位，而其他转基因植株的Bt杀虫蛋白若整位点是在非同源染色体上。     

导入抗逆基因的转双抗虫基因741杨的获得

为培育更多抗非生物胁迫的转基因杨树,以转双抗虫基因741杨(P.alba×(P.davidaiana×P.sirnonii)×P.tomentosa)为材料,建立了叶片诱导的转双抗虫基因741杨的高频再生体系,并采用根癌农杆菌介导法,探索了影响其遗传转化效率的主要因子。结果表明:最佳不定芽诱导培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L IBA;继代培养基为MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.05 mg/L IBA,最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+0.05 mg/L IBA。对影响转化因子的研究结果表明,共培养时间为3 d时,不定芽诱导率最高;共培养培养基加入乙酰丁香酮、pH值调到5.2时,诱导潮霉素抗性芽效果最显著;最佳潮霉素筛选质量浓度为3 mg/L;将抗逆基因AtNDPK2通过农杆菌导入到转基因741杨中,经PCR检测,在抗性植株DNA中扩增出与目的基因大小相同的片断,初步确认目的基因已经整合到转基因741毛白杨基因组中。     

用基因枪将P1结构蛋白基因转入玉米及其转基因植株再生研究

在构建口蹄疫病毒(Foot and Mouth Disease Virus，FMDV)结构蛋白P1基因植物表达载体pBIl31SPl的基础上，以玉米自交系8902、340和4112的Ⅱ型胚性愈伤组织为受体，用基因枪轰击法转化玉米，获得抗性再生植株。GUS染色证明外源目的基因在玉米细胞和组织中得到了表达。PCR检测、PCR-Southern杂交、点杂交鉴定证实目的基因P1已整合到再生植株的基因组中，获得了转基因玉米再生植株。     

玉米穗位高的主基因+多基因的遗传模型分析

为了探索玉米穗位高的遗传规律,以玉米杂交组合PH4CV×昌7-2(组合I)和PH6WC×7873(组合Ⅱ)的六世代(P1,P2,F1,B1,B2,F2)为材料,在春播和夏播环境下,研究了玉米穗位高的主基因+多基因的遗传规律。结果表明:春播条件下,组合Ⅰ的穗位高符合E-3模型,组合Ⅱ符合E-1模型;夏播环境下,组合I的穗位高符合D-3模型,组合Ⅱ符合C-0模型。结论:春播环境下,组合Ⅰ和组合Ⅱ的穗位高均以主基因遗传为主,可以采用单交重组或简单回交转育方法进行改良;夏播环境下,组合Ⅰ和组合Ⅱ的穗位高均表现为多基因遗传,可以采用聚合回交或轮回选择方法来累积增效基因,提高选择效率。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌cry基因研究进展

从cry基因的分类、鉴定、遗传特性以及应用概况等4个方面综述了苏云金芽胞杆菌cry基因的研究进展,并对cry基因的研究进行展望。     

Analysis of Gene Effect on Four Characters of Immature Embryo Culture in Maize

This study was to find the regularity in the hereditary variation for the main culturing characters of the immature embryo culture in maize. Two kinds of inbred-line, R18-599 （red） with very excellent embryo culturing capacity and R15 with very poor embryo culturing capacity, were used as P1 and P2 for obtaining six generations. By culturing immature embryos of the six generations, four culturing characters, namely embryonic callus induction efficiency, nonembryonic callus induction efficiency, cloning ability of the embryonic callus, and number of regenerating plants, were analyzed using the general mean analysis and generation joint analysis. Results showed that the embryonic callus induction efficiency accorded with two major additive-dominance-epistatic genes and polygene-mixed additive-dominance-epistatic inheritance model. The induction efficiency of the nonembryonic callus accorded with two major additive-dominance-epistatic genes. The number of regenerating plants accorded with one major gene and polygene-mixed additive-dominance inheritance model. The cloning ability of the embryo callus accorded with two major genes and polygene-mixed inheritance model, whereas the effect of epistatic gene on this character was identified results of the two methods, generation joint analysis may genetic information. to be different using the two methods. By comparison of the not only raise experimental precision but also provide more     

玉米ZmCPK12基因真核表达载体的构建及转化

[目的]CDPK是一类依赖于Ca2+而不依赖CaM及磷脂的蛋白激酶,或类钙调素结构域的蛋白激酶,是植物和低等动物所特有.研究为玉米CDPK基因家族在抗逆中的作用提供基础.[方法]构建玉米ZmCPK12基因真核表达载体是了解玉米中该基因功能的重要途径之一.实验利用RT - PCR技术扩增得到大小为1 533 bp的玉米ZmCPK12基因,经限制性内切酶SalI和NotI进行消化,将目的基因与真核表达质粒pREP -5N连接,获得重组真核表达质粒ZmCPK12 - 5N.[结果]通过菌落PCR、双酶切及测序等方法进行鉴定,重组真核表达质粒ZmCPK12-5N构建成功.制备酵母感受态,将重组质粒电击转人酵母中,酵母菌落PCR结果显示电击转化成功.[结论]成功构建了玉米mCPK12基因真核表达载体,并且成功转化了酵母.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌几丁质酶基因chiA在枯草芽孢杆菌中的分泌表达

[目的]研究来源于苏云金芽孢杆菌的几丁质酶基因chiA在枯草芽孢杆菌中的表达情况。[方法]以苏云金芽孢杆菌染色体DNA为模板,PCR扩增获取几丁质酶基因chiA,将其与枯草芽孢杆菌表达载体pHSG连接,构建重组菌,经IPTG诱导后,检测培养液中的几丁质酶活性。[结果]扩增得到几丁质酶基因chiA大小为2.5 kb。构建的重组菌对底物[4-MU-(GlcNAc)3]显示出一定的水解活性,培养液酶活约为2.8 U/ml,而pHSG空质粒转化子在同样条件下其培养液没有明显酶活。该重组酶的最适pH值为6.5,最适反应温度为50℃,与苏云金芽孢杆菌自身产生的几丁质酶性质一致。[结论]几丁质酶基因chiA能在枯草芽孢杆菌中成功表达,表达产物可成功分泌到细胞外。     

玉米sbe2a基因RNAi载体的构建及转化玉米的初步研究

采用PCR技术克隆了玉米淀粉分支酶sbe2a基因的cDNA片段,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体,对重组子进行PCR检测和限制性内切酶分析,并进行序列分析.结果表明:克隆片段长度为562bp,将该基因的正义和反义片段插入到pCAMBIA1301改造过的载体p35-1301的35S启动子下游,构建高效RNAi表达载体,通过花...     

Characterization of the Promoter of a Homolog of Maize MADS-Box Gene m18

Maize （Zea mays L.） is one of the world’s major food crops, and often suffers from tremendous yield loss caused by abiotic stresses. The MADS-box genes are known to play versatile roles in plants, controlling plant responses to multiple abiotic stresses. However, understanding of regulation of their expressions by the conventional loss-of-function approach is very dififcult. So far, regulation of MADS-box gene expression is little known. The best approach to retrieve expression regulation of this category of genes is to characterize expression of their promoters. In this study, the promoter of a homolog （GenBank accession no. EC864166） of maize MADS-box gene m18 was cloned by way of genome-walking PCR, named Pro66. Predicative analysis indicated that Pro66 contains more than one TATA box and multiple cis-acting environmental conditions-responsive elements （ECREs）. Pro66 could drive expression of theβ-glucuronidase （GUS）-encoding gene in maize, and heterologous expression of GUS in red pepper stressed by water deifcit, salt, copper, iron deifciency, heat, cold, and grown under short and long photoperiods, echoing predicative ECREs. Conclusively, maize MADS-box gene m18 likely plays versatile functions in maize response to multiple abiotic stresses due to the promoter with multiple cis-acting elements. The complex arrangement of multiple cis-acting elements in the promoter features meticulously regulated expression of m18. The results give informative clues for heterologous utilisation of the promoters in monocot and dicot species. The copy of the ECREs and heterologous expression of the promoter in dicot species are also discussed.