棉花黄萎病生防内生细菌Jaas cd的鉴定及田间防效

对棉花黄萎病生防内生细菌Jaas cd(原名73a)进行了菌种鉴定和田间应用方式的改进。抑菌谱测定结果表明,该菌株对12种病原真菌均有较强的抑制作用。通过形态观察、生理生化鉴定、Biolog鉴定以及16S rD-NA序列比对,证明该菌株为多黏类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)。菌株Jaas cd的16S rDNA序列与多黏类芽孢杆菌(AM062684)的相似性为99.7%,GenBank登录号为AY942618。田间大区示范试验结果表明,用菌株Jaascd的发酵液在棉苗移栽前喷施棉苗和移栽时灌根2种方式处理,都能有效防治棉花黄萎病和提高棉花产量,但移栽前喷施棉苗操作更加简便易行。     

棉花内生细菌的分离及生防益菌的筛选

对不同品种和不同种植地区的健康棉花植株组织中内生细菌进行分离,共得到102个菌株.经鉴定分属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)、黄单孢菌属(Xanthomonas sp.)、假单孢菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)、欧文氏菌属(Erwinia sp.)及短小杆菌属(Curtobacterium sp.),其中芽孢杆菌的分离频率最高,为优势种群.对内生细菌数量测定表明,棉花种子、根、茎、叶柄、叶片等组织内均存在大量的内生细菌.不同品种、组织及种植地,内生细菌的数量不同.各组织中内生细菌的种群密度的分布特点是种子中最多,其次为根,再次为茎,叶片、花蕾,叶柄中最少.从87个棉花内生菌的分离菌株中筛选出对棉花枯萎病菌有体外拮抗活性的菌株22个,占菌株总数的25;;15株对立枯丝核菌有抑制作用,占菌株总数的17;.15株对两种病原菌都有抑菌作用,其中有些菌株表现出较强抑菌活性,具有作为生防菌的潜能.     

防治棉花黄萎病生防菌的筛选及其防治效果评价

研究采用平皿对峙和促生实验相结合的筛选方法,从棉花根际土壤中分离到282株细菌,加上实验室筛选获得的对番茄有防病促生作用的21株细菌进行抑菌活性测定,共获得对棉花黄萎病菌有拮抗作用并能够有效促进棉花发芽和生长的菌株10株.通过盆栽和小区试验筛选,获得了5株对棉花黄萎病有良好防治效果的拮抗细菌,分别为S44、S258、S128、S37、S171,对棉花黄萎病的田间相对防效分别为38.53;、60.29;、39.58;、32.75;和37.02;,而化学农药福多甲的防治效果仅为28.34;.同时5株生防菌均能促进棉花生物量的增加.     

生物农药防治棉花黄萎病试验研究

通过试验研究,明确了棉花黄萎病的发病率及发病程度随着棉花生长发育而逐渐增高,确定了1%武夷菌素水剂200倍浸种24h+500倍喷根2次处理,能有效地控制棉花黄萎病的发生。     

“屈景斌棉宝”防治棉花黄萎病试验

<正>为明确屈景斌棉宝对棉花黄萎病的防效及增产作用,2009年在147团做了田间对比试验。一、材料与方法1.试验材料①试验肥料屈景斌棉宝;60%磷酸二氢钾。②试验地概况试验地设在农8师147团19     

棉花苗期根腐类病害生防细菌的筛选与鉴定

【目的】从新疆棉田中筛选对棉花苗期根腐类病害具有较强拮抗作用的生防细菌,为棉花苗期根腐类病害生物防治奠定基础。【方法】采用平板对峙法,测定实验室保存的多株生防细菌的抑菌能力,通过田间试验,验证其防治棉花苗期根腐类病害的效果。对生防细菌的16S rDNA基因序列与gyrA基因序列分别测序,通过BLAST在线比对,利用MEGA 7.0构建系统发育树,确定该生防菌株的分类地位。【结果】生防细菌TWt34、HWt34对棉花苗期根腐类病害(立枯病和红腐病)防治效果分别为76.74%和78.43%;在平板对峙对立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani) 和拟轮枝镰孢霉(Fusarium verticilliodes)的抑菌宽度分别为8.29和6.60 mm,具有较强拮抗作用,对尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)和大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)的抑菌宽度分别为7.70 和13.15 mm,也具有明显抑制作用。16S rDNA与gyrA基因序列鉴定表明生防菌菌株TWt34、HWt34同属于莫海威芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mojavensis)。【结论】筛选出的2株莫海威芽孢杆菌TWt34、HWt34对棉花4种主要病害的病原菌具有较强的抑制作用,能够有效防治2种棉花苗期根腐类病害(立枯病和红腐病)。     

棉花黄萎病拮抗细菌LC105菌株的发酵条件研究

以棉花黄萎病拮抗菌LC105作为实验菌株,对抗菌物质发酵条件进行了初步研究。6—16h的种子培养基正处于对数生长期,最适于作种子液。在pH7．0的LBG培养基中30℃摇床恒温培养48h后其抑菌效果最好。     

棉花枯黄萎病的发生规律与防治

近年来,随着抗虫棉的推广,棉花的种植面积不断扩大,棉花枯黄萎病日趋严重,成为影响棉花生长的主要障碍因素,造成棉花大面积减产,轻则减产10%,重则减产30%～50%,且棉花品质显著下降。     

棉花黄萎病害及防治对策

介绍了棉花黄萎病的发病症状,并提出合理的防治方法,主要包括：加强植物检疫、选种耐病品种、农业防治、化学防治等。     

枯草芽孢杆菌对棉花枯、黄萎病的抑制作用研究

[目的]研究枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)生物学特性,测定枯草芽孢杆菌对棉花枯萎病菌和黄萎病菌的抑菌效果,对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌机理进行初步研究.[方法]菌丝生长速率法,平极对峙培养法,定期观察和显微镜法.[结果]枯草芽孢杆菌对温度和酸碱度的适应范围广,营养条件与枯黄萎病菌菌丝生长需要一致;棉花枯萎病菌培养至第7 d时,抑菌效果为88.8;,棉花黄萎病菌菌丝培养至20 d时,抑菌效果为86.5;;该菌对枯黄萎病菌具有明显的营养竞争和空间竞争作用,可以溶解致菌菌丝和导致菌丝畸形.[结论]该菌是一种适应性较强的微生物,枯草芽孢杆菌对棉花枯萎病菌和黄萎病菌具有明显抑制作用,枯草芽孢杆菌可用于新疆地区棉花枯萎病菌和黄萎病的防治.     

棉花黄萎病的防治措施

黄萎病是影响棉花产量的主要病害之一。此次研究针对山东地区棉花所患黄萎病情况。以及防病措施进行分析。以寻找能够有效防治棉花黄萎病的措施,来增加棉花产量提高棉农的收入。     

内生菌73a防治棉花黄萎病机理

通过在棉株 4叶期针刺接种内生菌 73a ,测定其体内POD、SOD酶活性 ,结果显示 :棉株体内的POD、SOD酶活性较对照 (不接种 )明显上升 ,可见 ,内生菌 73a诱导了POD、SOD酶活性的提高。挑战接种 (先接内生菌再接棉花黄萎病菌 )结果 ,棉株体内的POD、SOD酶活性均增高 ,其中 ,接种落叶型黄萎病菌棉株体内酶活性高于接种非落叶型菌棉株 ;抗病品种“常抗棉”体内酶活性高于同期感病品种“泗棉 3号”。     

棉花黄萎病防治方法研究进展

作为危害严重、世界性的土传性维管束病害之一,棉花黄萎病给农业生产带来了巨大的经济损失;笔者立足国内外现有的棉花黄萎病防治措施如农业防治、化学防治、生物防治等常规防治方法,结合时下新兴的生物有机肥防治、不同防治试剂之间混配等方法对棉花黄萎病防治现状及今后的发展趋势予以综合评述,为棉花黄萎病的防治提供参考。     

Spectrum Characteristics of Cotton Canopy Infected with Verticillium Wilt and Applications

Hyper spectrum remote sensing with fine spectrum information is an efficient method to estimate the verticillium wilt of cotton. The research was conducted in Xinjiang, the largest cotton plant region of China, by using the data which were collected both by canopy spectrum infected with verticillium wilt and severity level （SL） in the year 2005-2006. The quantitative correlation was analyzed between SL and canopy of reflectance spectrum or derivative spectrum reflectance. The results indicated that spectrum characteristics of cotton canopy infected with verticillium wilt changed regularly with the increase of SL in different periods and varieties, Spectrum reflectance increased in the visible light region （620-700 nm） with the increase of the SL, which inverted in near-infrared region and was extremely significant in the region of （780-1 300 nm）. When SL attained b2 （DI = 25）, cotton canopy infected with verticillium wilt was used as a watershed and diagnosed index in the beginning stages of the disease. The results also indicated that there were marked different characteristics of the first derivative spectrum in these SL, it changed significantly in the red edge ranges （680-760 nm） with different SL, i.e., red edge swing decreased, and red edge position equally moved to the blue. In this study 1 001-1 110 nm and 1 205- 1 320 nm were selected out as sensitive bands for SL of canopy. Inversion models established for estimating cotton canopy infected with verticillium wilt reached the most significant level. Finally, the different spectrum characteristics of cotton canopy infected with verticillium wilt were marked, some inversion models were established, which could estimate SL of canopy infected with verticillium wilt. The best recognized model was the first derivative spectra at （FD 731 nm- FD 1317 nm）, and it might be used to forecast the position of cotton canopy infected with verticillium wilt quantitatively.     

Control Efficacy of Broccoli Residues on Cotton Verticillium Wilt and Its Effect on Soil Bacterial Community at Different Growth Stages

【Objective】The objective of this study is to research the effects of broccoli residues (BR) on cotton verticillium wilt and soil bacterial community structure at different growth stages, and to provide new ways and ideas for green ecological control of cotton verticillium wilt and reduction of chemical pesticides.【Method】In the field plot experiment, the soil planted with cotton was treated with broccoli residues and no broccoli residues (CK). The incidence dynamics of cotton verticillium wilt in different treatments were monitored at different growth stages. The number of DNA copies of Verticillium dahliae was determined by real-time quantitative PCR, and the structure of soil bacterial communities was measured by high-throughput sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). The effects of broccoli residues returning to soil on the quantity of pathogen and the community of soil bacteria were analyzed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to explore the characteristics and rules of structural changes of soil bacterial community at the level of phylum and genus in different growth stages.【Result】The incidence and disease index of cotton verticillium wilt showed a downward trend after the return of broccoli residues to soil, respectively. Moreover, the peak period of verticillium wilt was delayed, and 70.77% control efficacy was achieved at the peak period. The development curve of disease index and time course of disease in the whole growth period was established, and the average control efficacy was 57.21%. Compared to the blank control, the number of DNA copies of V. dahliae was decreased by 10.96%, 11.11%, 25.95% and 11.25% at the 4 stages of cotton growing and non-growing season, respectively, after the return of broccoli residues to soil. Illumina MiSeq analysis showed that broccoli residues treatment significantly increased soil bacterial diversity. The richness index Chao1 was increased significantly at all growth stages, and the ACE index was significantly increased at the pre-sowing stage, flowering and boll stage and boll-opening stage. Compared to the blank control, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria was increased significantly at different growth stages after the return of broccoli residues to soil. Meanwhile, the results showed that there were differences in the composition of dominant microorganisms at different growth stages after the return of broccoli residues to soil. For example, Firmicutes increased to the dominant microflora at the pre-sowing stage and seedling stage, and Cyanobacteria became the dominant microflora at the bud stage and flowering and boll stage. Principal component analysis showed that broccoli residues to soil changed the structure of bacterial community at seedling stage, bud stage, flowering and boll stage and boll-opening stage. Further analysis showed that the relative abundance of Streptomyces and Bacillus was significantly increased after the return of broccoli residues to soil.【Conclusion】Broccoli residues returning to soil can effectively inhibit the occurrence of cotton verticillium wilt, reduce the number of DNA copies of V. dahliae in soil, change the structure of soil bacterial community, and increase the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms, which is an effective green measure to control cotton verticillium wilt.     

棉花抗枯、黄萎病研究进展及其抗性鉴定方法

概述了我国抗枯、黄萎病种质资源材料、棉花新品种(系)、不同熟性品种和品种地区差异、抗虫棉及育种上的抗病鉴定工作研究进展。在抗病鉴定方法上,棉苗期可用人工病圃法、营养钵法、病菌毒素法,棉成株期宜用人工病圃法。     

我国棉花黄萎病研究文献计量分析

以1980～2006年中国学术期刊电子杂志社的《中国期刊全文数据库》作为数据来源,以文献计量学方法对棉花黄萎病研究文献的数量、年份分布、文献作者、主要文献产出单位和地域、作者的合作度,载文期刊的分布、文献主题内容等方面进行统计分析得出:总文献量773篇,署名文献737篇,第一作者455人,载文期刊118种。确定了22位核心作者和3种核心期刊。     

棉花抗黄萎病性与叶片保护酶活性和丙二醛含量的关系

通过研究棉花抗黄萎病性与超氧物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量的关系,为棉花黄萎病的抗性鉴定提供依据。采用在室内用棉花黄萎菌孢子悬浮液对不同抗性的4个海岛棉（Gossypiumbarbadence）品种和10个陆地棉（Gossypiumhisutum）品种进行接菌,苗期发病后测定叶片s0D、POD、CAT活性和MDA含量的变化,并与未接菌的对应品种叶片进行比较试验。结果表明,经过棉花黄萎病菌的诱导,棉花叶片中SOD活性比未接菌时下降,其中耐病、感病品种（In〉20）的降低幅度大于高抗、抗病品种（0〈In≤20）;MDA含量比未接菌上升,耐病、感病品种（In〉20）的增加远大于高抗、抗病品种（0〈In≤20）;棉苗叶片中POD、CAT活性在棉花黄萎菌的诱导下产生的差异比未接菌的酶活性差异要明显,对生理生化产物的测定效果比未接菌时测定的效果好。SOD活性和MDA含量可以作为鉴定棉花抗黄萎病性的生理生化指标。     

棉花黄萎菌的致病力分化研究

棉花黄萎病是棉花生产中最重要的病害之一,尤其是落叶型菌系引起的黄萎病极大地限制着棉花产量和质量的提高。控制该病的猖獗危害,已成为棉花生产可持续发展的主要问题。这类病害的防治是目前棉花病害研究的热点课题之一,具有重要的学术价值和明确的应用背景。