Effect of Tillage System on Soil Strength and Bulk Density of Vertisols

Improving the soil environment for seedling emergence and plant growth is possible using a good tillage system. From March 1993 until June 1994, the effect of tillage system and plant residue incorporation practices on the bulk density and the soil strength of the surface layer of a vertisol (very fine, smectitic, thermic, chromic Haploxerert), on a less than 1 % slope, was investigated. The two tillage methods were moldboard (T1) and chisel (T2). The two plant residue incorporation dates were in August (R1) and in October (R2). Results indicated that R1 gave significantly higher bulk density than R2, while the different tillage treatments had no significant effect. Soil strength was significantly lower under T1 and R2 than under the other treatments.     

Temporal Variation of Infiltration Rate in a Vertisol under Lentil–Wheat Rotation

Understanding of the effect of tillage and plant residue incorporation on infiltration rate during plant growth is vital to improve tillage–plant residue management practices, especially in vertisols. These soils may shrink and swell markedly which, in turn, affects their physical properties. From 1992 to 1994, the effect of two tillage practices and two plant residue management treatments on final infiltration rate in a vertisol (very fine, smectitic, thermic, chromic Haploxerert) on a less than 1 % slope was investigated in a lentil–wheat rotation. The experiment consisted of two tillage treatments – moldboard (T1) and chisel (T2) – and two plant residue treatments – grazing after harvest for 1 month, followed by incorporation in August by ploughing (R1), and grazing after harvest for 1 month, followed by incorporation in mid-October (R2). Results indicated that the final infiltration rate of T1 was higher than that of T2 in the lentil season, while in the wheat season it was lower under T1 than under T2. Plant residue incorporation had no significant effect on final infiltration rate. Final infiltration rate in winter was approximately 3 to 4 times higher than in summer; it was significantly lower in the lentil season than in the wheat season.     

深翻耕作对连作滴灌棉田土壤含水率及含盐量影响的研究

探讨播前不同翻耕深度对连作滴灌棉田土壤容重、土壤含水率、土壤含盐量的影响。针对典型的连作滴灌棉田,于播前设置20、40和60 cm的3个不同深度翻耕处理,于生育期测定各处理不同土壤剖面的上述内容,研究其变化。（1）土壤容重随翻耕深度增加而下降,其中表层土壤容重降幅大于深层土壤容重;（2）3种深翻处理下土壤剖面含水率均为0~20 cm＞20~40 cm＞40~60 cm,随翻耕深度增加,0~20 cm土壤含水率呈上升趋势,20~40 cm土壤含水率变幅不大,40~60 cm土壤含水率则显著下降;（3）灌水后,深翻20 cm的土壤含盐量为0~20 cm＞20~40 cm＞40~60 cm,但随翻耕深度的增加,0~20 cm土壤含盐量呈下降趋势,20~40 m和40~60 cm的土壤含盐量迅速上升趋势,至深翻60 cm时,土壤含盐量则为40~60 cm＞20~40 cm＞0~20 cm。对连作滴灌棉田播前进行60 cm的超常深翻,可有效降低耕层土壤容重,提高0~20 cm表层土壤含水率,降低含盐量,从而利于作物生长。     

不同耕作方式对土壤物理性状及玉米产量的影响

采用随机区组设计,研究6种不同耕作方式对土壤物理性状及玉米产量的影响。不同耕作方式对不同生育时期0-45cm土壤的含水量、容重、孔隙度影响各不同,在不同耕作方式中以深松25-35cm效果最为明显;深松处理的玉米穗长、穗粗、秃尖长、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重等产量构成因素均较对照有不同程度的改善;深松处理比对照玉米增产0.06～3.13%,但是增产幅度不是很明显。深松处理可以提高土壤含水量,降低容重,增加孔隙度,起到蓄水保墒作用,提高产量。以深松35cm+旋耕为最优组合。     

土壤容重对高产玉米根系生长的影响及调控研究

不同土壤容重不同,其稳定性也不同。土壤容重的变化会引起土壤调节水、气、热能力的变化,提高土壤的自动调节能力可以使土壤肥力水平得以提高并满足植物对生长因子的持续需求。为研究土壤物理性质对玉米高产稳产的影响机理,以耕地棕壤为试验材料,采用盆栽方法,研究不同容重对玉米根系生长指标的影响,并进一步研究了施用不同有机肥量及模拟不同耕作深度对玉米根系生长的调控效果。结果表明:在设计容重范围内,容重增加,根系生长指标都表现为下降,容重大于1.2 g/m3时,不同处理根系生长指标差异显著;当容重大于1.3 g/cm3时,不同处理根系活力差异显著。施用有机肥对高容重土壤调控效果更好,有机质含量为4%与5%的处理差异减小,低容重土壤在所设计的有机质水平内调控效果也都较好。耕层厚度增加可以提高根系生长参数,但与对照相比,差异不显著。所以,对于紧实结构性较差的土壤,改善其调节能力应该通过增施有机肥的方法,紧实结构较好的土壤考虑使用耕翻的办法。     

保护性耕作对潮土物理性质的影响

为了研究保护性耕作对土壤物理性质的影响,以黄淮海平原典型潮土区小麦—玉米轮作系统的长期定位试验为基础,探讨不同耕作方式与秸秆还田处理下土壤容重、饱和导水率、紧实度、含水量的变化。结果表明,0~20 cm土层,土壤容重、土壤紧实度随着翻耕频率的减少而增加,每两年翻耕一次(CNTW2T)和每四年翻耕一次(CNTW4T)的土壤紧实度比长期免耕分别降低了40%、17%,土壤紧实度与土层深度呈显著正相关;保护性耕作改变土壤导水性能,随着免耕年限的增加,土壤饱和导水率显著降低;少免耕土壤含水量比传统翻耕高0.77%~3.01%。秸秆覆盖能显著降低土壤紧实度,改良土壤压实状况,提高土壤饱和导水率,减少土壤水分蒸发,从而改善土壤保水能力。免耕有利于土壤蓄水保墒,但长期免耕易导致土壤压实,不利于作物生长,少耕(CNTW2T、CNTW4T)既可改善土壤导水、保水性能,又可减少土壤压实,因此在黄淮海平原实施少耕与秸秆还田相结合的保护性耕作有利于改良土壤物理性质,提高土壤保水能力。     

Yield decrease in sugar beet caused by reduced tillage and direct drilling

In a long-term series of on-farm tillage trials (10 loessial sites in southern and eastern Germany; annual mouldboard ploughing 0.25–0.3 m deep, mulching with a rigid-tine cultivator 0.1–0.15 m deep, direct drilling with no tillage except seedbed preparation for sugar beet solely) sugar beet yield was significantly decreased by direct drilling compared to ploughing. This study was conducted to (i) show that the lower plant density caused by mulching and direct drilling contributes to yield decrease but explains effects just partially, and (ii) determine the relation between soil structural properties and sugar beet yield. In 2003–2005 plant density experiments (53,000, 65,000 and 82,000 plants ha^?1) were introduced to tillage plots on five selected environments. Yield and soil structural properties of four layers representing 0–0.43 m soil depth were determined.White sugar yield (WSY) significantly declined with direct drilling compared to ploughing treatment, whereas mulching treatment diminished WSY less pronounced. Moreover, decreasing plant density significantly lowered WSY. No interactions between tillage and plant density occurred, revealing that both factors additively affected WSY.Decreasing tillage depth increased penetration resistance (PR) and dry bulk density (DBD), and diminished air filled pore volume (AFPV) in the topsoil down to 0.27 m depth. Several soil structural parameters were closely correlated with each other as well as WSY. Variation of single parameters explained up to 60% of WSY variance attributed to tillage. Combining DBD from 0.03 to 0.07 m depth, average PR from 0.03 to 0.27 m and AFPV from 0.03 to 0.18 m soil depth explained 77% of the tillage effect. Nevertheless, multi-collinearity of soil physical parameters allowed no clear conclusions on the cause-and-effect mechanisms.Conclusively, lowered plant density and soil structure degradation due to reduced tillage may independently decrease sugar beet yield. When grown on loessial soils this crop requires mechanical loosening down to 0.15–0.20 m depth to produce high yields.     

长期间作及免耕对土壤物理性状及作物产量的影响

针对西北绿洲灌区长期传统覆膜耕作造成土壤结构的稳定性下降、地膜残留过多和土壤质量下降等问题,研究覆膜免耕与禾豆间作种植模式对土壤物理性质和作物产量的影响,以期为试区优化耕作方式和作物种植模式提供理论支撑。田间试验于2013—2020年在河西绿洲灌区进行,设置传统耕作覆膜(CT)、覆膜免耕(NT) 2种耕作措施;单作豌豆(P)、单作玉米(M)、玉米间作豌豆(M//P) 3种种植模式,2019年和2020年玉米收获后测定土壤物理性状和作物产量等相关指标。结果表明：（1）0～30 cm土层≥0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量、平均重量直径(MWD)、土壤容重和土壤总孔隙度在NT与CT处理间存显著差异,NT较CT≥0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量提高2.02%～7.76%、MWD提高19.4%～26.0%、土壤容重降低1.31%～1.57%、总孔隙度增加1.97%～2.28%;(2)NT处理下,不同种植模式间存在显著差异,M//P分别较P和M处理水稳性大团聚体含量增加12.60%～20.11%和7.05%～11.55%,MWD分别较P和M处理增加9.61%～12.44%和4.01%～8.01%,土壤...     

北方地区土壤速效养分及容重对秸秆还田的响应

本研究旨在探明中国北方地区土壤速效养分及容重对秸秆还田的响应，选择秸秆还田为主要研究目标，通过设置“秸秆还田”、“理化性质”、“华北”、“东北”、“西北”等关键词在中国知网、万方等多个数据库中，筛选出60篇关于秸秆还田对作物产量和土壤改良影响效应和影响因素的文献。采用Meta分析法定量研究土壤速效养分和容重对秸秆还田的响应。结果表明：秸秆还田能够显著(P<0.05)提升土壤有机碳、碱解氮和速效钾的含量，一定程度上降低土壤容重。华北地区秸秆还田对土壤速效养分的提升效果显著优于东北和西北地区，而对西北地区容重降低效果低于华北和东北地区；中高量秸秆还田(5000～10000 kg/hm²和10000～15000 kg/hm²)能够显著提升土壤有机碳、碱解氮和速效钾的含量，低秸秆还田量(≤5000 kg/hm²)对土壤容重并无显著影响，而超高秸秆还田量(>15000 kg/hm²)则显著(P<0.05)降低了土壤容重；免耕相比旋耕、深耕、浅耕可以显著(P<0.05)提升土壤有机碳、碱...     

Effects of residue mulch and tillage on soil moisture conservation

The effects of selected soil management practices (conventional tillage, tied ridges and crop residue mulching) on soil moisture conservation in a semi-arid area of Kenya were studied during the short rains period, 1988, and long rains period, 1989. Three treatments, mulching, tied ridges and conventional tillage with three replications of each practice under a completely randomized block design, were used in the study. Nine experimental plots, each 4 m × 10 m were set up on a slope of 2%. During the study period, soil moisture was monitored on a weekly basis using the neutron probe at predetermined depths to a maximum depth of 120 cm. Calibration of the neutron probe was done for the soil at two depth ranges: 0–90 cm and 90–120 cm. The need to calibrate the probe for the 90–120 cm depth arose due to the presence of iron concretions within this depth range. The results obtained from this study showed that overall, crop residue mulching did result in more moisture down the profile throughout the two seasons within 2 years than the other two tillage practices. The tied ridged plots had the lowest amount of soil moisture in the soil profile during the two seasons. Thus the application of surface crop residue mulch seems to be the best soil management practice for increased soil moisture conservation and improved crop performance in rainfall marginal areas of Kenya.     

耕作方式对伊犁河谷旱地农田土壤物理性质和小麦产量的影响

为探讨耕作方式对新疆旱地农田土壤物理性质及小麦生长的影响,在免耕、传统耕作和深松3种耕作方式下,通过田间取样和室内烘干称重测得新疆旱地农田土壤容重、孔隙度、土壤含水量、土壤三相比值及小麦产量数据。结果表明：不同耕作方式下土壤容重、孔隙度、含水量、三相比R值和产量表现出一定差异。相比于免耕,传统耕作和深松降低了土壤容重,增加了土壤孔隙度、土壤含水量,改善了土壤三相比例,尤其深松处理土壤容重和孔隙度显著改善。小麦产量以深松处理最高,分别比传统耕作、免耕增加20.71%、24.28%。因此,深松有利于改善土壤结构、改良土壤物理性质,促进小麦产量提高。     

Drainage and tillage effects on a crosby-kokomo soil association in Ohio IV. Soil physical properties

Bulk density, soil structure, penetrometer resistance, and moisture retention characteristics were examined for the Crosby-Kokomo Association near Columbus, Ohio. The soils are classified as fine mixed, mesic, Aeric Ochraqualf and fine, mixed, mesic, Typic Argiaquoll, respectively. Effects of four tillage methods were studied with and without subsurface drainage. Tillage methods were: no-till, raised beds, ridge till and moldboard plow. The tillage treatments were laid out according to a Randomized Block Design with three replicates on each drainage site.Soil samples obtained in August, 1987 to 50 cm depth in 10 cm increments, were analyzed for aggregate size distribution, and moisture retention characteristics. In addition, surface (0–10 cm and 10–20 cm depths) core samples were obtained in July 1989 for measurement of soil bulk density, and moisture retention characteristics. Penetrometer resistance and soil moisture content for the surface layers were also measured in July 1989.The mean weight diameter (MWD) was higher for undrained than drained treatment, 2.94 mm vs. 2.49 mm, respectively. Neither drainage nor tillage treatments had a significant effect on soil bulk density measured about 8 weeks after sowing. Penetrometer resistance was lower, and surface soil moisture content was higher in the undrained compared with the drained treatment. Soil moisture retention at all suctions and plant-available soil moisture reserves were more in undrained than drained soil. Differences in soil moisture retention among drainage treatments are attributed more to organic matter induced differences in pore size distribution than to total porosity. For these soils in central Ohio, drainage had a more significant effect on soil physical properties than tillage operations performed in the fall and/or spring.     

西南黄壤坡耕地保护性耕作的土壤结构效应

设置两种保护性耕作措施,通过6a持续试验,研究了保护性耕作措施对黄壤结构性状的影响,为西南黄壤地区保护性耕作技术应用与发展提供理论依据。[方法]分别用环刀法、干湿筛法测定土壤容重和土壤团聚体组成,土壤机械组成采用MS2000激光粒度分析仪测定,并计算出土壤孔隙度和团聚体破坏率。 [结果]结果表明：(1)垄播沟覆轮耕与免耕秸秆覆盖两种保护性耕作措施均可降低黄壤容重,增加土壤孔隙,且此作用是由表及里的渐进过程,垄播沟覆措施的土壤容重优化作用要优于免耕覆盖,而免耕覆盖对较深层次土壤孔隙状况优化效果更显著。(2)保护性耕作可提高0～20 cm土壤＞0.25mm干筛团聚体含量,水稳性团聚体含量处理之间差异不显著,但0～20cm层含量略大于20～40cm层。(3)保护性耕作可提高土壤团聚体稳定性,降低团聚体破坏率,免耕覆盖措施对提高土壤团聚体稳定性具有更加显著的效果。[结论]该试验证明了保护性耕作对黄壤土容重、孔隙、团聚体等结构性状有一定的改善作用,这种改善作用是一个非常漫长的由表及里的渐进过程,为西南黄壤地区保护性耕作技术应用与发展奠定了坚实的基础。     

Auswirkungen differenzierter Bodenbearbeitung auf das Bodengefüge und die Stickstoffdynamik von Lößböden bei viehloser und viehstarker Bewirtschaftung

Effect of different tillage practices on soil structure and nitrogen dynamic in loess soils with and without longterm application of farmyard manure
Field trials were conducted in 1979 and 1980 on two farms with and without longterm application of farmyard manure respectively, to study the effect of different tillage practices (ploughing at low soil moisture in summer and autumn and ploughing at highsoil moisture in autumn) on soil structure and nitrogen dynamic. Soil structure measurements showed great differences between ploughing at low and high soil moisture contents. Ploughing soil at high moisture contents caused a rise in penetrometer resistance as in bulk density and a decrease of macropors as well as in oxygen concentration in top soil and in tillage pan. But little differences were observed between ploughing in summer and autumn at low soil moisture contents.
Ploughing soil at high moisture contents caused a higher soil compaction on the farm without longterm application of farmyard manure compared to the farm with longterm application of farmyard manure.
The differences in soil nitrate content were strongly correlated with soil compaction. Very large differences in soil nitrate content between ploughing at low and high soil moisture contents were always observed in May, when the soil temperature was higher than 15°C These differences in soil nitrate content are due to reduced nitrogen mineralization and an increase of denitrification activity after ploughing at high soil moisture contents.     

西南“旱三熟”地区不同保护性耕作措施对农田土壤生态效应及生产效益的影响

针对我国西南地区旱作农田土层浅薄、水土流失严重、季节性干旱多发等问题,以常规平作(T)、垄作(R)、平作+秸秆覆盖(TS)、垄作+秸秆覆盖(RS)、平作+秸秆覆盖+腐熟剂(TSD)、垄作+秸秆覆盖+腐熟剂(RSD) 6种措施作为处理,连续2年进行大田对比试验,研究不同保护性耕作措施对西南“旱三熟”种植区农田土壤生态要素、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明, 保护性耕作措施可以有效地改善土壤有机质和养分状况,且对酸性土壤有一定的改良作用,其中有秸秆覆盖的4个处理显著增加了土壤有机质、全氮、全钾、碱解氮含量;可改善土壤水分状况,增强作物的抗旱节水能力,各处理0~80 cm土层2年平均贮水量排序为：RSD (258.82 mm) > TSD (252.40 mm) > RS (250.19 mm) > TS (246.66 mm) > R (239.19 mm) > T (235.87 mm);可降低7月份表层土壤温度,缓解夏季高温对玉米后期生长发育造成的伤害,其中有秸秆覆盖的4个处理对5 cm和10 cm土层温度有显著降低效应;可抑制杂草生长,具有良好的控草效应,其中TS、RS、TSD、RSD处理的杂草高度、密度和生物量均比T和R有极显著下降;可促进蚯蚓的繁殖和生长,使农田生态环境得到明显改善。总体来看,秸秆覆盖措施可以改善土壤肥力,并具有增加土壤贮水、调节土壤温度、控制农田杂草和促进蚯蚓生长的作用,垄作和腐熟剂在增加土壤贮水方面有明显效果。保护性耕作模式显著提高了作物的产量和水分利用效率,增加了经济收益。2年系统平均产量和水分利用效率排序为：RSD>RS>TSD>TS>R>T(CK),总产值和纯收入排序为RS>RSD>TSD>R>TS>T(CK)。在各处理中以RSD、RS两种模式的综合效果最好,在西南“旱三熟”种植区具有很好的推广前景。     

Strip tillage effect on seedbed tilth and maize production in Northern Italy as case-study for the Southern Europe environment

Strip tillage is a conservative technique widespread overseas with recognized environmental, agronomical and economic benefits. In Europe it has been proposed only recently and is almost unknown by farmers of Italy and other Mediterranean countries, where its compliance with soil and climate environments needs to be evaluated. For this reason, a two-year field trial comparison was carried out between strip tillage, minimum tillage and no tillage for the cultivation of maize in the Po valley, as representative crop and environment for the Italian and Southern Europe intensive agriculture. The aim was to evaluate effects on seedbed quality, weed infestation, and maize performance from crop establishment to final harvest.The experiment was conducted on a sandy-loam soil with high chemical fertility and good water availability for the crop. Strip tillage was carried out by an original passive tool implement hitched to a pneumatic drill operating at a forward speed of around 6 km h⁻¹. We determined soil penetration resistance, bulk density, water content, clod size distribution, ground residue cover, number of weeds along crop rows and between rows, maize drilling depth, crop emergence, biomass accumulation and grain yield.Strip tillage moved less soil and left higher ground residue cover than minimum tillage, while the seedbed prepared by the two techniques did not differ for suitability to drilling, root exploration and crop growth. In fact, maize grown after strip tillage emerged fast and regularly approximating the wished plant density, experienced a limited weed infestation, and showed high total biomass and grain yields, similar to those obtained with minimum tillage.     

不同土壤耕作模式对双季水稻生理特性与产量的影响

为探明双季稻区不同土壤耕作模式下双季水稻生理特性、干物质积累及产量的变化,本文以双季稻–紫云英大田定位试验为平台,设双季水稻翻耕+秸秆还田(CT)、双季水稻旋耕+秸秆还田(RT)、双季水稻免耕+秸秆还田(NT)、双季水稻旋耕+秸秆不还田(RTO,对照)4种土壤耕作处理,于2016—2017年取样,系统分析了不同处理对双季水稻植株叶片保护性酶活性、光合特性、干物质积累及产量的影响。研究结果表明,早、晚稻各个主要生育时期CT和RT处理植株叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著高于RTO处理(P0.05),而叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著低于RTO处理(P0.05)。CT处理植株叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和叶片气孔导度(Gs)均显著高于RTO处理(P0.05),均表现为CTRTNTRTO。CT和RT处理水稻植株物质生产能力强,干物质积累多,而且在各器官间的分配合理。2个年份的早稻产量均以CT处理最高,均显著高于RTO处理(P0.05),比RTO处理增加731.1～733.3 kg hm–2;晚稻产量均以CT处理为最高,均显著高于RTO处理(P0.05),比RTO处理增加582.5～717.6 kg hm–2。总之,土壤翻耕、旋耕结合秸秆还田处理有利于提高双季水稻叶片保护性酶活性、光合特性和干物质积累量,为水稻高产奠定了生理和生物学基础。     

旋耕深度对西北黄土高原旱作区土壤水分特性和马铃薯产量的影响

深耕对打破犁底层、优化土壤水分特性有积极作用,但对旱作农田旋耕深度的土壤水分效应及其对马铃薯水分耗散过程和产量的影响缺乏研究分析。本研究设15(TT)、40(VRT)、60 cm(VRT6)3个旋耕深度,测定土壤容重和水分特性、马铃薯叶片SPAD值、叶面积指数(LAI)和产量等,研究旋耕深度对马铃薯水分利用和产量的影响。结果表明,与VRT和TT相比,VRT6分别在40~60 cm和0~60 cm土层降低土壤容重,提高饱和含水量、毛管含水量和田间持水量;VRT6显著提高了马铃薯现蕾前的耗水量,导致盛花期的土壤贮水量在2016年较VRT和TT下降了22.3 mm、49.0 mm,2017年下降了43.9 mm、56.6 mm;VRT6显著提高2017年花后耗水,分别较VRT和TT增加了42.2 mm和38.3 mm。旺盛的花前耗水促进了地上部发育,VRT6的LAI在全生育期高于TT,在现蕾期至收获期高于VRT,并使SPAD值在2017年的块茎膨大期显著高于VRT和TT,呈现明显的地上部旺长特征。基于以上原因,VRT6的块茎产量虽然高于TT,但在2017年显著低于VRT,而且水分利用效率(WUE)较VRT和TT下降了61.2%~67.5%和41.0%~53.5%。因此,在半干旱旱作区马铃薯种植的立式深旋耕作的适宜深度是40 cm,可在优化土壤水分特性和耗水过程的基础上,有效抵御季节性干旱胁迫,显著提高产量和水分利用效率。     

中国土壤类型下免耕对土壤容重的影响

免耕对土壤物理性状尤其是土壤容重产生影响,进而影响作物生长发育,本研究旨在探讨免耕在不同土壤类型、不同耕作制度区域下对土壤容重产生的影响,为免耕研究提供参考。收集自1999—2019年公开发表的免耕、保护性耕作对土壤容重影响的试验论文,对筛选出田间试验条件下土壤容重结果具有显著性差异的期刊论文进行整理分析。结果表明,中国土壤类型下免耕对土壤容重的试验研究所涉及的土壤类型相对较少,较多集中在黑垆土、水稻土、黑土、褐土五种土壤类型下。在耕作制度区域研究上,中国三大粮食主产区（黄淮海平原、东北平原及长江中下游平原区）的研究占全国总量的45.8%。文献对比研究发现,免耕减小土壤容重的比例仅为1/3,土壤容重增大的比例接近2/3,少量试验结果表明免耕与传统耕作对土壤容重的影响无显著差异。研究认为,免耕对土壤容重的影响在不同试验条件下产生不同的结论,与土壤类型、耕作制度区域无相关性。     

不同调控材料对滨海盐土快速脱盐效果研究

为给滨海盐土快速脱盐改造提供参考依据,以工农业废弃物秸秆、牛粪、脱硫石膏、醋渣为调控材料,研究不同组合下滨海盐土快速脱盐效果。结果表明,4种组合与对照相比,均可显著降低土壤容重,提高土壤孔隙度,增加土壤渗透性,其中T4(牛粪+醋渣)综合效果最好,与对照相比,土壤容重降低37.93%,土壤孔隙度提高12.37个百分点;各处理0~60 cm土层平均含盐量高低顺序为T1(秸秆+脱硫石膏)CK(对照)T2(牛粪+脱硫石膏)T3(秸秆+醋渣)T4(牛粪+醋渣),T1、T2、T3、T4与CK相比分别降低-123.9%,2.23%,30.45%,39.77%;各处理p H值与CK相比均显著下降,由高到低的顺序为CKT3T4T2T1,T1、T2、T3、T4与CK相比分别降低0.71,0.50,0.35,0.39个单位;各处理土壤CO_3~(2-)、HCO_3~-含量均明显下降,脱硫石膏处理还能增加土壤SO_4~(2-)、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)含量。综上所述,在改善土壤物理结构、降低土壤盐分方面,牛粪效果明显好于秸秆,醋渣明显好于脱硫石膏;在抑制土壤脱盐碱化方面,脱硫石膏明显好于醋渣,但脱硫石膏容易增加土体总体含盐量。因此,推荐滨海盐土低成本快速脱盐方式为"牛粪+醋渣"。