中缅边境害虫疫情监测发现我国尚无分布的4种果实蝇记述

本文描述了中缅接壤的瑞丽边境区疫情监测发现我国尚无分布的4种检疫性有害生物董里实蝇Bactrocera(B.)aethriobasis(Hardy)、瑞丽果实蝇Bactrocera(B.)ruiliensis Wang,Long et Zhang,sp.nov.、桃果实蝇Bactrocera(B.)zonata(Saunders)和拟黑颜实蝇Bactrocera(Zeugodacus)proprediaphora Wang,Xiao et Chen,sp.nov.的形态特征,并附实蝇特征图.     

惠州港口岸全国首次截获黑颜实蝇

正2017年2月,大亚湾出入境检验检疫局在对一艘来自新加坡的马绍尔群岛籍油轮实施检疫时,从食品舱内截获1只活体实蝇雌成虫。样品经大亚湾局植物检疫实验室初步鉴定并送广东出入境检验检疫局技术中心植物检疫实验室复核,确认为黑颜实蝇(Bactrocera(Zeugodacus)diaphora(Hendel))。经中国检验检疫科学研究院专家确认系全国首次截获。     

西藏口岸实蝇调查与监测

通过2002~2011年对西藏口岸实蝇的种类、发生情况进行深入调查和研究。结果表明:西藏口岸常见实蝇共有9种,主要种类为南瓜花实蝇(Bactrocera scutellaris(Bezzi))、瓜实蝇(Bactrocera cucurbitae(Coquillett))、桔小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel))和南瓜实蝇(Bactrocera tau(Walker))。其中,桃实蝇Bactrocera(Bactrocera)zonata(Saunders)为西藏首次发现。目前尚未发现地中海实蝇、墨西哥实蝇、加勒比实蝇等检疫性实蝇种类。其发生高峰在每年的7、8月份,发生地集中在海拔较低的樟木口岸。     

具条实蝇研究综述

具条实蝇[Bactrocera(Zeugodacus)scutellata(Hendel)]是我国对外重要检疫害虫,地理分布广,危害程度重,使我国果蔬生产遭受了严重经济损失。文章综述了具条实蝇的形态特征、分类地位、寄主范围、地理分布、种群数量动态以及分子生物学等方面的研究进展,并提出未来研究展望。     

具条实蝇研究综述

具条实蝇[Bactrocera(Zeugodacus)scutellata(Hendel)]是我国对外重要检疫害虫,地理分布广,危害程度重,使我国果蔬生产遭受了严重经济损失。文章综述了具条实蝇的形态特征、分类地位、寄主范围、地理分布、种群数量动态以及分子生物学等方面的研究进展,并提出未来研究展望。     

南瓜实蝇触角超微结构观察及其与桔小实蝇触角形态的比较

南瓜实蝇Bactrocera(Zeugodacus)tau(Walker)和桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)是重要的检疫性害虫,已被许多国家列为植物检疫监管对象。本文通过扫描电镜观察南瓜实蝇触角的超微结构,并与桔小实蝇触角进行了形态比较。结果发现,南瓜实蝇的触角外观形态和所含的感器类型与桔小实蝇大致相同,均包括经典的毛形感器、柱形感器、锥形感器和刺形感器。     

我国首次截获检疫性有害生物——腿端黑实蝇

福建出入境检验检疫局福州机场办事处从来自马来西亚航班旅客携带的箩菇果实中截获了检疫性害虫腿端黑实蝇(Bactrocera atrifemur Drew&Hancock),该虫为我国首次截获,我国目前尚未分布。本文描述了其成虫的形态特征,提出了应加强口岸检疫,提升鉴定水平,加强检疫宣传等检疫措施。     

基于DNA条形码技术的河南省夏季重要实蝇害虫分子鉴定

以夏季采自河南省洛阳市、郑州市的实蝇幼虫、成虫为研究材料,采用DNA条形码技术,通过测定、比对线粒体DNA细胞色素氧化酶I(COI)基因片段序列,对其进行种类鉴定。结果表明,检测的实蝇样品种类为橘小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis)、具条实蝇(Zeugodacus scutellatus)和三点棍腹实蝇(Dacus trimacula),与相关种已知序列的相似度均在99.39%以上,其系统发育树明显与我国其他常见实蝇近缘种区分开。     

亚太地区寡毛实蝇名录

寡毛实蝇,广义指双翅目(Diptera)实蝇科(Tephritidae)寡毛实蝇亚科(Dacinae)寡毛实蝇族(Dacini)的实蝇类群。Drew等(1994)综合Drew(1989)和White等(1992)的研究,提出了将寡毛实蝇族(Dacini)划分为4个属的新论点,即在这个族中在原有Bactrocera Macguart,Dacus Fabricius和Monacrostichus Bezzi 3个属的基础上增加Ichneumonop-sis Hardy。 我国对外植物检疫危险性病出害名单中的寡毛实蝇(Dacus spp.),是沿用Drew(1989)以前的旧分类系统所使用的属名,按照已被世界大多数学者认可的新的分类系统,应该包括Bactrocera和Dacus两个属。根据这两属以腹部背板的可分离和不可分离这一主要分属特征,作者给予的中文命名分别为离腹寡毛实蝇属(Bactrocera)和合腹寡毛实蝇属     

云南昭通蜜柑大实蝇和橘大实蝇的DNA条形码鉴定

蜜柑大实蝇(Bactrocera tsuneonis)和橘大实蝇(Bactrocera minax)属果实蝇属(Bactrocera)大实蝇亚属(Tetradacus),是为害柑橘类作物的两种检疫性实蝇。两种实蝇为近似种,仅成虫可通过形态特征进行鉴定,幼虫等非成虫虫态需采用分子生物学技术才能实现快速、准确的鉴定。本研究对采自云南省昭通市大关县、彝良县和永善县的大实蝇成虫及幼虫样品分别进行了形态鉴定和DNA条形码鉴定。结果表明,通过形态特征的对比以及DNA条形码序列的测定、比对和分析,采自大关县和彝良县的20头成虫样品分别为蜜柑大实蝇和橘大实蝇,采自彝良县和永善县的20头幼虫样品均为橘大实蝇。本研究实现了云南昭通地区两种大实蝇的DNA条形码鉴定,为我国植物检疫相关部门提供实用技术及决策支持。     

贵州果园实蝇科害虫种群多样性分析

为明确贵州果园实蝇科害虫种类及多样性,评估贵州实蝇科害虫为害风险,保证特色果品质量及水果产业健康发展,本研究于2019年采用性诱剂、食诱剂等方式开展了贵州果园实蝇科害虫的诱集.经过1年持续调查监测,明确了贵州7个监测果园实蝇种类为8种,均属寡鬃实蝇亚科Dacinae,其中果实蝇属Bactrocera 2种,镞果实蝇属Z...     

实蝇高引诱性酵母菌的分离和筛选

实蝇是一类重要的检疫性园艺害虫,易造成果实未熟先黄、脱落和腐烂。利用饵剂进行成虫诱杀是防治实蝇最有效的手段之一,而国内目前普遍缺乏绿色高效的实蝇饵剂。多种微生物被报道对实蝇具有引诱能力,配合诱捕器使用,可以成为一种高效绿色的成虫防治技术。本研究从海南、广东、广西、江西、浙江、湖北等地的柑橘、番石榴、杨桃等虫果及寄主叶片上分离获得了357株酵母菌菌株,通过26S rDNA测序,鉴定出这些菌株分属于8个属、25个种,包含假丝酵母属Candida(6种)、有孢汉逊酵母属Hanseniaspora(5种)、毕赤酵母属Pichia(9种)、酿酒酵母属Saccharomyces(1种)、有孢圆酵母属Torulaspora(1种)、子囊酵母属Galactomyces (1种)、Starmerella属(1种)和威克汉姆酵母属Wickerhamomyces属(1种)。在所有分离培养的酵母菌中,优势种是仙人掌有孢汉逊酵母Hanseniaspora opuntiae,优势度指数为0.22。在模拟田间环境的半封闭网室中测定357株酵母菌株发酵液对南亚果实蝇Zeugodacus tau和橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis雌雄成虫的引诱活性,初步筛选获得发酵液引诱活性较好的菌株12株,其引诱南亚果实蝇和橘小实蝇的数量分别是阳性对照的1.0~3.7倍和3.2~7.8倍。进一步筛选发现克鲁维毕赤酵母Pichia kluyveri ZJGJA31和球形环孢菌Torulaspora globosa HBMTA13发酵液对南亚果实蝇田间引诱能力分别为(10.6±1.7)头/诱捕器和(6.8±1.1)头/诱捕器;对橘小实蝇田间引诱能力分别为(9.1±1.1)头/诱捕器和(23.0±2.9)/诱捕器。结果表明,P.kluyveri ZJGJA31和T.globosa HBMTA13发酵液具有被开发成实蝇引诱剂的潜在价值。     

寡毛实蝇的监测、鉴定和检疫处理研究

实蝇是水果和蔬菜的大害虫，在世界果蔬贸易中占有重要的地位。本研究采用国际通用的监测技术，利用Ｔｒｉｍｅｄｌｕｒｅ，Ｃｕｅｌｕｒｅ和Ｍｅｔｈｙｌｅｕｇｅｎｏｌ三种实蝇引诱剂于１９８０年开始至今，连续十多年对寡毛实蝇和地中海实蝇进行监测，同时也收集实蝇的寄主果实，开展周年季节性调查。经对收集的标本的鉴定，共发现寡毛实蝇２０种，其中有国内新记录６种。其详细描述收集在“实蝇及其防除”和“亚太地区寡毛实蝇”两本书中     

Evaluation of lure dispensers for fruit fly surveillance in New Zealand

BACKGROUND: Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) represent a major biosecurity threat to the horticulture sector of New Zealand, which is entirely free of these invasive pests. A nationwide surveillance programme is conducted to ensure any incursion is detected as early as possible. A review of the lure dispensers used is reported here. RESULTS: Lure dispenser emission trials found that the currently used lure plugs release lure more slowly under New Zealand subtropical to temperate climates than wafer dispensers. Subsequent trapping experiments at high altitude in Hawaii (as a mimic of New Zealand meteorological and expected fruit fly ecological conditions) compared Lynfield traps baited with the existing lure plug dispensers and newer wafer dispensers. Catches of wild Oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), were 9.5-fold higher with methyl eugenol wafers than with the plugs. Recaptures of sterile melon flies, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillet), were 2.6-fold higher with cuelure wafers than with the plugs. Recaptures of sterile Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata Weid., were not significantly higher with trimedlure wafers than with the plugs.CONCLUSIONS: Release rate and trapping experiments found new lure dispensers differed in release rate characteristics from existing dispensers under temperate and subtropical conditions, and indicated some potential for improvement in surveillance efficacy.     

基于深度学习的实蝇图像智能识别方法的建立

实蝇科昆虫很多种类是世界性的重要检疫性有害生物。实蝇的快速准确识别对于保护国门生物安全、促进我国农产品出口具有重要意义。本研究建立了一种基于深度学习的实蝇图像智能识别方法,针对实蝇科昆虫的翅图像特征,以桔小实蝇、南瓜实蝇、瓜实蝇、具条实蝇4种实蝇（每种250头共1 000头）为例,通过标本制作与图像采集、图像预处理、创建数据集训练物体检测模型等模块不断调整优化实现对实蝇图像的自动识别。结果表明在图像色阶参数90/1/220,通过百度Easy DL平台Paddle Paddle深度学习框架结合Auto Model Search训练图像分类模型,选择超高精度算法、高级训练配置epoch并使用数据增强策略进行模型训练时识别准确率达95%以上。本方法具有操作简单、准确率高、可扩展性强等特性,通过智能手机拍摄待测样本输入系统即可进行准确识别,可应用于果蔬园实蝇监测、出入境口岸实蝇检疫以及昆虫科普教育等场景,并可为其他昆虫自动识别研究提供有益借鉴。     

微卫星DNA标记及其在检疫性实蝇种群遗传学中的研究应用

微卫星DNA是一种广泛用于种群遗传学研究的分子标记技术,具有共显性标记、反应速度快、重复性好和结果可靠等特点。本文在概述微卫星标记的原理、特点、位点筛选和引物设计的基础上,系统分析了该技术在检疫性实蝇(小条实蝇属、果实蝇属等)种群遗传关系中的研究与应用。     

不同环境因子对桔小实蝇生长发育的影响

桔小实蝇是一种危害250多种热带、亚热带水果和蔬菜的重要检疫性害虫,已经给农业生产造成了巨大的损失,影响其种群变化的因子很多。本文综述了温度、光照、湿度等环境因子对桔小实蝇生长发育影响的研究进展和现状,以期对温度、光照、湿度等环境因子对桔小实蝇生长发育的影响有个较为全面的认识,为进一步防治桔小实蝇的危害提供帮助。     

贵州实蝇种类及多样性构成

为了解贵州果蔬有害实蝇的种类及其多样性,2010—2011年在贵州德江、铜仁、凯里、都匀、贵阳和兴义共6个地区,采用性诱剂和食物引诱剂对有害果蔬实蝇进行系统监测和多样性分析。结果显示,6个地区2年共诱捕到果蔬有害实蝇14种,其中果实蝇属Bactrocera有11种,寡鬃实蝇属Dacus有3种;各监测地诱捕到实蝇种类数分别为德江3种、铜仁4种、凯里7种、都匀7种、贵阳11种、兴义12种;6地区共同优势种为桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis、南亚果实蝇Bactrocera tau和具条实蝇Bactrocera scutellata,2010、2011年各监测点的相似性系数和多样性指数均存在差异,相似性系数、Simpson指数、Shannon指数和均匀性指数分别在0.25~0.80、0.11~0.68、0.28~1.25和0.18~0.62之间。研究表明,贵州实蝇种类丰富,不同地区优势种存在差异,不同种类为害差别大;各监测地区实蝇种群数量、丰富度、相似性系数和多样性指数整体上从东北向西南逐渐递增。     

Feeding and attraction of non-target flies to spinosad-based fruit fly bait

A spinosad-based fruit fly bait, GF-120, has recently become a primary tool for area-wide suppression or eradication of pest tephritid fruit flies. The present study assessed the attraction and feeding of five non-target fly species to GF-120 in Hawaii. These non-target flies include three beneficial tephritid species [Eutreta xanthochaeta (Aldrich), Tetreuaresta obscuriventris (Loew), Ensina sonchi (L.)] introduced for weed biological control, an endemic Hawaiian tephritid [Trupanea dubautiae (Bryan)] (all Diptera: Tephritidae) and the cosmopolitan Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae). All five non-target fly species were susceptible to GF-120, as was the target pest Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Feeding on, or even brief tasting of, GF-120 killed all fly species within 2 h. When individual flies were provided with a choice of GF-120 or honey solution, there was no difference in the frequency of first food encounter by E. xanthochaeta, D. melanogaster or C. capitata. The other three non-target species approached honey more often than GF-120 in their first food encounter. Feeding times on GF-120 and honey were not significantly different for D. melanogaster and C. capitata, while the other four non-target species fed longer on honey than on GF-120. There was no significant difference in feeding time on honey versus GF-120 between males and females of each species. These results suggest that area-wide treatment using GF-120 for the purpose of eradication of pest fruit flies has potential negative impacts on these and other non-target fly species in Hawaii.     

Field performance of Lynfield and McPhail traps for monitoring male and female sterile Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) and wild Dacus newmani (Perkins)

BACKGROUND: McPhail traps, baited with protein food lure, are used worldwide for surveillance of many species of fruit flies. Queensland fruit fly (Qfly) Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a native Australian fruit fly and normally monitored using Lynfield traps baited with cuelure. On some occasions, McPhail traps with wet food lures are deployed to detect female flies or to find the incursion epicentre. This paper reviews field results on the merits of Lynfield and McPhail traps for detection of male and female Qfly. RESULTS: Following release of equal numbers of sterile males and females, Lynfield traps baited with cuelure captured more Qfly males than protein autolysate or orange concentrate in McPhail traps. Significantly more male than female Qfly were captured in McPhail traps baited with protein autolysate or orange. There was no significant difference between orange concentrate lure and protein autolysate lure in attracting either males or females. Another Australian native fruit fly, Dacus newmani (Perkins), was attracted to cuelure in Lynfield traps but not to either lure in McPhail traps. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained run counter to the reputation of McPhail traps baited with protein autolysate or orange concentrate as a specialist lure/trap combination for female Qfly. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry