几种砧木对哈姆林甜橙植株生长、产量及果实品质的影响

以7种不同砧木的8年生哈姆林甜橙为试材,对植株营养生长、产量和果实品质进行了比较。结果表明,不同砧木对哈姆林甜橙生长和产量有不同影响,其中以卡里佐枳橙为砧的植株树冠体积最大,以光皮酸橘、枸头橙和李齐16—6枳为砧的植株树冠体积较小,单位树冠体积产量以光皮酸橘为砧的植株最高,     

不同砧木对特罗维塔甜橙植株生长、产量和果实品质的影响(英文)

采用6种6a生特罗维塔甜橙砧穗组合植株作试材,在相同管理条件下不同砧木对特罗维塔甜橙植株营养生长、产量以及果实品质(外观内质)的影响进行了比较研究。结果表明,以李齐16-6枳(LC)为砧的特罗维塔单位树冠体积产量最高,以兰普莱蒙(RL)、沃尔卡姆柠檬(VL)、卡里佐枳橙(CT)和光皮酸桔(GS)砧穗组合次之,而以孙楚沙桔(SM)为砧特罗维塔植株单位树冠体积产量最低。不同砧木对特罗维塔甜橙植株单株产量,以VL、RL和CT为砧单株产量较高,而以GS和SM为砧的特罗维塔植株单株产量最低。试验所采用的砧木对特罗维塔果实单果重影响不显著,但以RL和LC为砧特罗维塔植株果实体积最大。砧木对特罗维塔甜橙果实品质有显著的影响,其中以LC、CT、GS和RL为砧果实果汁含量显著高与其他砧穗组合果实;而以CT和LC为砧的砧穗组合果实可滴定酸含量最高,以RL为砧次之;以LC、CT、GS和RL为砧果实维生素C含量显著高于其他砧穗组合果实。不同砧木对特罗维塔甜橙植株生长有显著影响,其中以CT为砧的植株冠层体积最大,以RL和VL为砧的特罗维塔植株次之,而以GS和SM为砧植株冠层体积较小。同时不同砧木对特罗维塔甜橙果实油斑病发生率和单果发生程度有显著影响,其中以RL为砧特罗维塔果实单果油斑病发生程度最高。     

不同柑橘砧木对锦橙果实品质的影响

 2006—2008年连续3年研究11种砧木对铜水72-1锦橙果实品质的影响。结果表明：不同砧木对果实颜色和内在品质均有影响,其中以卡里佐枳橙为砧的果实亮度最好,黄色度值最高,果实最大,果皮最薄;以路比枳为砧的果实红色度值和固酸比（TSS/TA）最高,果皮最厚;以沃尔卡姆为砧的亮度最差,黄色度值、单果质量和可食率最低,中心柱最小;以C35枳橙为砧的中心柱最大且维生素C含量最低;以光皮酸橙为砧的果实红色度最低而可食率最高;以里其16-6枳为砧的果实可溶性固形物（TSS）含量最高;以孙楚沙橘为砧的果实可滴定酸（TA）和维生素C含量最高,而TSS/TA最低;果实TSS和TA最低的砧木为枸头橙。品质综合评价,性状表现较好的为孙楚沙橘、卡里佐枳橙和C35枳橙,而表现较差的为兰普莱檬和沃尔卡姆柠檬。     

哈姆林甜橙砧木比较试验——Ⅱ.宜昌橙不同选系的比较

经15年试验,比较了以宜昌橙6个不同选系作砧木,对哈姆林甜橙树体生长、果实产量及品质的影响。结果表明,树冠最高大的是以1号选系作砧者,最矮小的是以6号选系作砧者,其树冠体积分别为枳砧对照的31.8％和4.7％;单位树冠体积产量以6号选系为砧者最高,而单株产量和单位树冠投影面积产量则以1号选系为砧者最高;不同选系宜昌橙砧对哈姆林甜橙果实大小、果皮厚薄也有明显影响。认为宜昌橙1号选系为此较有希望的矮化砧木,6号选系宜作超密植栽培的砧木材料。     

哈姆林甜橙砧木比较试验：Ⅱ.宜昌橙不同选系的比较

经１５年试验，比较了以宜昌橙６个不同选系作砧木，对哈姆林甜橙树体生长，果实产量及品质的影响，结果表明，树冠最高大的是以１号选系作砧者，最矮小的是以６号选系作砧者，其树冠体积分别为枳砧对照的３１．８％和４．７％；单位树冠体积产量以６号选系为砧者最高，而单株产量和单位树冠投影面积产量则以１号选系为砧者最高；不同选系宜昌橙砧对哈姆林甜橙果实大小，果皮厚薄也有明显影响。认为宜昌橙１号选系为比较有希望的矮化     

哈姆林甜橙嫁接于佛州南部三十个砧木上的表现

作者研究了哈姆林甜橙(Citrus sinensis(L.)Osbeck)在美国佛罗里达州南部三十个砧木品种上的存活率、抗病性、产量及果实品质等性状的表现,筛选出7个生长旺盛、产量高、品质好、适合当地土壤、气候条件,并对衰退病(Tristeza)有抗性的砧木。 各组合植株于1978年春嫁接、接穗为注册的无毒哈姆林甜橙,1979年2月定植于田间,定植后8年检查,发现哈姆林甜橙在各砧木上的存活率有很大差异:以F80-18枳柚砧为最好,存活率达100％;施文格枳柚及FF1-131-20杂种砧分别死亡1株和2株;而马蜂橙(C.hystrix)砧植株,定植后18     

机械和化学方法对促进柑桔芽抽梢的影响

试验于3—10月在荷兰瓦赫宁根的温室(盆親)进行。供试砧木实生苗品种有粗柠檬、兰普来檬、酸橙、卡里佐枳橙和枳,接穗品种有沙莫蒂甜橙、哈姆林甜橙和温州蜜柑。设置的机械处理方法有:打顶(对照),即在接芽或砧苗上某一标志芽(欲促发的芽)的上方短截;折枝,先在接芽或标志芽上方     

伏令夏橙在21种砧木上七年后的初步结果

我们在1974—1981年,对伏令夏橙(C.sinensis(L.)Osb.)嫁接在21种砧木上树冠体积、产量及品质进行了研究。研究表明,伏令夏橙嫁接在卡里佐枳橙、尤马枳橙(C.sinensis×P.trifoliata(L.)Raf)、粗柠檬807和瓦尔卡默柠檬(C.limon(L.)Burmf.)等砧木上,其单株产量和单株固形物含量最高;嫁接在卡里佐枳橙、尤马椒橙、粗柠檬、粗柠檬807、酸橙2号(C.aurantium L.)、酸橙839和瓦尔卡默柠檬等砧木上的树冠体积最大;嫁接在阿根廷帜、波默罗伊枳(P.trifoliata)、诺顿枳橙(C.sinensis×P.trifoliata)、酸橙895等砧木上的果实总可溶性固形物含量最高。     

枳砧的株系选种比较试验

枳(学名 Poncirus trifoliata)是世界上柑桔类使用最广的第三种砧木。树势健旺,最耐寒、耐涝,且抗耐退化病、柑桔线虫及若干种 Phytophora 疫菌,因此在育种上多用来杂交培育抗病砧木。枳砧嫁接苗结果早,丰产,果实品质优良,酸和可溶性固形物含量高,富于风味;且植株矮化(据在里佛赛德的柑桔研究中心测量表明,Rubidoux 枳砧华盛顿脐橙的树冠体积为甜橙砧华脐冠积的54%,Rubidoux 枳砧伏令夏橙冠积为甜橙砧伏令夏橙的58%),有利密植,采果、病虫防治等操作也较方便、省工。     

靠接换砧矫治枳砧甜橙缺铁黄化研究

靠接红桔、酸桔和枸头橙砧,矫治枳砧甜橙缺铁黄化有明显效果。其中,以枸头橙效果最好,以下依次为酸桔和红桔,靠接砧苗后树势逐年恢复,产量成倍增加,靠接红桔、酸桔和枸头橙分别比对照增产3.3、1.4和1.5倍;对提高果实含糖量、果汁率和降低含酸量亦有良好效果。     

不同砧木对先锋橙矿质营养元素含量的影响

在田间试验条件下,观察了12种砧木的先锋橙矿质营养元素含量。在观察的11种营养元素中,不同砧木间除 N、Zn、Mo元素含量无显著差异外,其它元素均达显著或极显著差异。其中微量元素的变幅大于大量元素。植株营养状况以宜昌橙类(除 K)、枳类(除 Fe)和桔类砧木植株的养分含量较高,果实含酸量高的砧木植株养分含量偏低。耐碱砧木主要表现在Fe、Mn及 K、Cu元素含量的差异。     

Long-term performance of ‘Ellendale’ mandarin on seven commercial rootstocks in sub-tropical Australia

‘Ellendale’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) on seven commercially important rootstocks was assessed over a 26-year period on a site not previously planted to citrus. Tree yield data collected each season from 1969 to 1991 showed that yields were highest on ‘Lockyer’ rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush) and lowest on ‘Emperor’ mandarin. Yields for the two citranges (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.), ‘Troyer’ and ‘Carrizo’, were intermediate, and somewhat higher than those for two selections of sweet orange (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck), ‘Parramatta’ and ‘Joppa’. Linear regression was used to examine changes in yielding pattern across the 23 seasons of fruit production. This revealed that ‘Troyer’ was comparable with the rough lemon selections throughout most of the experiment and significantly higher than ‘Carrizo’ during certain periods in the middle of the experiment. Similarly, while ‘Joppa’ and ‘Parramatta’ produced near-identical results during most of the experiment, ‘Joppa’ out-performed ‘Parramatta’ toward the end of the experiment. ‘Emperor’ showed a low yield trend throughout the experiment, often more than 50 kg per tree per year less than the rough lemon and citrange selections. Detailed assessment of biennial bearing showed a significant pattern commencing when trees were approximately 15 years old and intensifying until the end of the experiment. However, rootstock had no effect on the biennial bearing behaviour of ‘Ellendale’ mandarin. Correlations of cumulative yields at each harvest date with the final cumulative yield (for 23 seasons of cropping) showed instability up until approximately the eighth year of cropping after which it increased steadily, suggesting that in similar experiments there may be only marginal value in assessing yields beyond about the 10th season. Fruit quality assessments made in two consecutive seasons showed expected trends, with rough lemon (both ‘Lockyer’ and ‘Mazoe’) producing the largest and heaviest fruit, with thicker rinds, lower juice content, and lower Brix. The citrange selections (‘Troyer’ and ‘Carrizo’) resulted in fruit quality comparable to the sweet oranges (‘Parramatta’ and ‘Joppa’), with ‘Troyer’ producing significantly higher Brix levels than any other rootstock. All rootstocks produced leaf nutrient levels close to the desirable range, with significant differences for the elements P, Mg, Ca, Mn, and B. These differences separated the seven rootstocks into categories consistent with their genetic relatedness.     

Yield,fruit quality,and tree health of ‘Allen Eureka’ lemon on seven rootstocks in Saudi Arabia

Since environmental conditions and cultural practices vary from one area to another, yield, fruit quality, and tree health measurements were conducted over 9 years to evaluate the long-term adaptability and performance to local conditions of ‘Allen Eureka’ lemon (Citrus limon Burm.f.) budded on seven rootstocks in the Najran area of Saudi Arabia. Trees on Citrus macrophylla (CM), Volkamer lemon (VL), and Cleopatra mandarin (Cleo) were the most productive, while trees on Amblycarpa (Amb), rough lemon (RL), Citrus taiwanica (CT), and sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) (SO) had the lowest yield. Fruit from trees on CM and VL were also the largest in size and had the thickest rind, but were among those that had the lowest juice content and lowest total soluble solids. None of the trees on Cleo, VL, or RL died until the 14th year. However, there was a high mortality rate and severe tree decline on SO, CT, and Amb.     

砧木对先锋橙生长结果与品质的影响

选择11种柑桔砧术类型,在紫色土壤上进行了10年的先锋橙砧木比较试验。结果表明,罗汉橙、蟹橙、红檬砧木的先锋橙树体生长速度快,树冠乔化;酒饼箔、宜昌橙砧木的树冠生长速度缓慢,树体矮化。先锋橙株产与树冠生长量呈极显著正相关,单位面积产量以罗汉极和积砧最高,酒饼和宜昌橙最低。单位体积产量以宜昌橙最高,果实品质宜昌橙最佳,蟹橙、红檬及罗汉橙砧木的果实品质较差。     

纽荷尔和清家脐橙果实大量矿质营养元素含量与累积变化

在重庆北碚,以30年生枳砧清家脐橙和纽荷尔脐橙为材料,分析果实生长发育过程中N、P、K、Ca、Mg和S等6种大量营养元素含量和累积量变化。结果表明,果实生长发育过程中,纽荷尔和清家果实中N、P、Mg和S含量4月最高,Ca在10月最高,纽荷尔和清家K含量分别在9月和7月最高;Ca的主要累积时期,纽荷尔脐橙果实为6—7月和9—10月,清家脐橙果实为6月、8月和10月;除Ca外的其他大量矿质营养元素累积量较大的时期,纽荷尔和清家脐橙果实的总体上均为6—9月和11月,但清家脐橙累积最高峰一致出现在6月,纽荷尔脐橙累积最高峰至少推迟1个月左右。     

梁平柚矮化砧木的筛选

供试柚品种为梁平柚,砧木为枳、香橙、宜昌橙和酒饼簕、以酸柚砧为对照。1983年秋嫁接,1984年秋定植。7年观察结果表明,酒饼簕、宜昌橙、枳对梁平柚有矮化作用,其中以酒饼簕最明显。枳砧梁平柚定植后第2年(1986年),有1/3的植株试花,第3年全部开花,结果最多的一株达8个;香橙、宜昌橙、酸柚砧(对照)梁平柚定植后第3年试花;酒饼簕砧梁平柚第5年试花。枳砧梁平柚树高、树冠体积、枝条电阻值、枝条节间长度等均明显低于对照。初步认为,枳是梁平柚比较理想的矮化砧木。     

Rootstock influence on ‘delicious’ and ‘golden delicious’ apple fruit quality at harvest and after storage

The influence of 9 rootstocks (M2, M7, M25, M26, MM104, MM106, MM109, MM111 and seedling) on fruit quality at harvest and after storage of ‘Wellspur Delicious’ (WS) and ‘Goldspur’ (GS), and of 3 rootstocks (M7, M26 and MM106) on fruit quality of ‘Red King Delicious’ (RK) and ‘Golden Delicious’ (GD) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) was evaluated during a 4-year period. Fruits from trees on M26 were larger, developed earlier color and soluble solids (SS), and maintained higher levels of acidity (at harvest and during storage) in comparison with other rootstocks. Fruit from trees on M2 tended to have high SS. Fruit color from trees on MM104, MM106 and MM109 tended to be comparatively poor. There were significant rootstock effects on SS, starch, acidity, color, circumference, weight and box size.     

Rootstock influences the fruit mineral,sugar and organic acid content of a very early ripening peach cultivar

Summary

The influence of rootstocks differing in genetic origin and agronomic performance on the commercial characteristics and chemical composition of the fruit was investigated on the low-chill, very early ripening (fruit development period = 100 d) cv. Maravilha (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) trained to a Y in a high density planting (2,500 trees per ha). Of the rootstocks tested, five belonged to P. persica (Harrow Blood, Ps B2, Ps C14, Rubira and Rutgers Red Leaf), three were hybrids of P. persica x P. dulcis (GF677, Hansen 2168 and Hansen 536) and two were complex hybrids of P. cerasifera (Mr S 2/5, M x P). The more vigorous graft combinations gave significantly higher yields. Rootstocks significantly influenced mineral content (N, K, Fe and Zn), sugars (sucrose and fructose) and organic acids (succinic) of the fruit, although these differences are not so important as to affect the commercial value of the fruit and to direct the choice towards one rootstock rather than another. Neither fruit weight, skin overcolour, shape nor refractometer value (°Brix) were affected by rootstocks. The short fruit development period together with the heavy pruning required for high density plantings presumably minimized differences in fruit quality between the graft combinations.     

Soil and rootstock influence on fruit quality of plums (Prunus domestica L.)

Soil and rootstock can particularly affect the ‘Rainha Claudia Verde’ (Prunus domestica) fruit quality, mainly its firmness characteristics. To investigate the variation in fruit quality, plums were harvested at commercial maturity from trees grafted on Marianna GF8-1 (Prunus cerasifera × munsoniana) and Marianna GF10-2 (P. cerasifera × munsoniana) rootstocks on two different soils: Haplic Luvisol and Vertic Luvisol. After harvest fruits were stored at 2 °C for 3 weeks. At the harvest day a small group of fruits were analysed without cold storage. During storage fruits were tested for firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity and fruit mineral content. Tree vigour was evaluated from trunk cross-sectional areas values.The GF8-1 rootstock promoted the highest vegetative development, comparing to GF10-2. This rootstock promoted the largest fruits size and the higher calcium fruit level. Positive correlations were found between higher concentrations of calcium in the pulp fruits and firmness. Fruits from two different rootstocks showed the same firmness at harvest but during cold storage, fruits from GF10-2 rootstock exhibited the highest firmness pulp values. There weren’t significant differences in fruit nitrogen and potassium levels for any studied factor.At harvest solids soluble content and solids soluble content/titratable acidity ratio weren’t affected by soil type or rootstock. As expected, solids soluble content during cold storage increased and solids soluble content/titratable acidity had a slight increase.GF10-2 revealed to be a good option as a ‘Rainha Claudia Verde’ rootstock for plums growers due to its intermediate-vigour. Also GF10-2 fruits presented better quality during storage comparing with GF8-1.