羔羊育肥全混合日粮配方的优化

试验以断奶公羔为研究材料，采用配料回归旋转试验设计，通过饲养试验，对不同饲料配比全混合日粮(TMR)进行了试验．以探讨日粮配比与育肥羔羊生产性能的回归关系，从而优化羔羊育肥全混合日粮，为合理利用粗饲料资源提供一定的参考。     

羔羊育肥全混合日粮配方的优化

试验以断奶公羔为研究材料,采用配料回归旋转试验设计,通过饲养试验,对不同饲料配比全混合日粮(TMR)进行了试验,以探讨日粮配比与育肥羔羊生产性能的回归关系,从而优化羔羊育肥全混合日粮,为合理利用粗饲料资源提供一定的参考.     

4种不同饲草型全混合日粮配方对育肥羔羊增重、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

选用赤峰市超越饲料有限公司提供的紫花苜蓿、燕麦草、玉米胚芽粕、玉米秸秆、DDGS、天然牧草等饲草原料,配制4种不同饲草型混合日粮(TMR)。挑选羔羊(5月龄)20只进行随机区组试验,分为5组,每组4只,前4组饲喂不同饲草型混合日粮,第5组饲喂传统日粮。通过63天饲喂试验,分析4种全混合日粮配方(TMR)对育肥羔羊增重、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。结果表明:饲喂试验结束后各试验组羔羊的体重均有增加,但差异不显著(P>0.05);TMR3日粮配方对试验羊的日增重效果最为明显并且在屠宰性能上显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05);饲喂饲草型全混合日粮配方(TMR)的羔羊体内各类氨基酸含量明显高于对照组(P<0.05),饲喂TMR4的羔羊肉质中含有更丰富的氨基酸,肉质更加鲜美。     

4种不同饲草型全混合日粮配方对育肥羔羊增重、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

选用赤峰市超越饲料有限公司提供的紫花苜蓿、燕麦草、玉米胚芽粕、玉米秸秆、DDGS、天然牧草等饲草原料,配制4种不同饲草型混合日粮(TMR)。挑选羔羊(5月龄)20只进行随机区组试验,分为5组,每组4只,前4组饲喂不同饲草型混合日粮,第5组饲喂传统日粮。通过63天饲喂试验,分析4种全混合日粮配方(TMR)对育肥羔羊增重、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。结果表明:饲喂试验结束后各试验组羔羊的体重均有增加,但差异不显著(P>0.05);TMR3日粮配方对试验羊的日增重效果最为明显并且在屠宰性能上显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05);饲喂饲草型全混合日粮配方(TMR)的羔羊体内各类氨基酸含量明显高于对照组(P<0.05),饲喂TMR4的羔羊肉质中含有更丰富的氨基酸,肉质更加鲜美。     

4种不同饲草型全混合日粮配方对育肥羔羊增重、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

选用赤峰市超越饲料有限公司提供的紫花苜蓿、燕麦草、玉米胚芽粕、玉米秸秆、DDGS、天然牧草等饲草原料,配制4种不同饲草型混合日粮(TMR)。挑选羔羊(5月龄)20只进行随机区组试验,分为5组,每组4只,前4组饲喂不同饲草型混合日粮,第5组饲喂传统日粮。通过63天饲喂试验,分析4种全混合日粮配方(TMR)对育肥羔羊增重、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。结果表明:饲喂试验结束后各试验组羔羊的体重均有增加,但差异不显著(P>0.05);TMR3日粮配方对试验羊的日增重效果最为明显并且在屠宰性能上显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05);饲喂饲草型全混合日粮配方(TMR)的羔羊体内各类氨基酸含量明显高于对照组(P<0.05),饲喂TMR4的羔羊肉质中含有更丰富的氨基酸,肉质更加鲜美。     

4种不同饲草型全混合日粮配方对育肥羔羊增重、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

选用赤峰市超越饲料有限公司提供的紫花苜蓿、燕麦草、玉米胚芽粕、玉米秸秆、DDGS、天然牧草等饲草原料,配制4种不同饲草型混合日粮(TMR)。挑选羔羊(5月龄)20只进行随机区组试验,分为5组,每组4只,前4组饲喂不同饲草型混合日粮,第5组饲喂传统日粮。通过63天饲喂试验,分析4种全混合日粮配方(TMR)对育肥羔羊增重、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。结果表明:饲喂试验结束后各试验组羔羊的体重均有增加,但差异不显著(P>0.05);TMR3日粮配方对试验羊的日增重效果最为明显并且在屠宰性能上显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05);饲喂饲草型全混合日粮配方(TMR)的羔羊体内各类氨基酸含量明显高于对照组(P<0.05),饲喂TMR4的羔羊肉质中含有更丰富的氨基酸,肉质更加鲜美。     

育肥日粮营养水平对杂交羔羊育肥效果的影响

断奶羔羊育肥是现代养羊业中一项实用的生产技术,通过强度育肥有利于发挥杂交羔羊早期增重速度快、饲料报酬高的特点,缩短饲养期和提高经济效益.为了探讨在不同的日粮营养水平下,三元杂交羔羊的育肥效果,我们进行了试验,以期为断奶杂交羔羊的舍饲育肥技术的推广提供科学的依据.     

全混合日粮营养水平对肉牛育肥效果的影响

采用完全随机单位组设计方法,设计并开展试验,评价TMR营养水平对肉牛增重效果、产肉性能和经济效益的影响,结果表明:提高TMR营养水平可以提高肉牛日增重8.79%、采食速度、降低采食量0.65%;可以改善屠宰性能,提高肉牛屠宰率0.47%、净肉率1.28%、胴体产肉率1.46%及优质切块肉的比重;可以提高饲料报酬;两种经济效益分别提高159.53元、385.79元。综合以上结果得出,提高TMR营养水平可以提高肉牛增重效果、产肉性能及经济效益。     

不同营养水平全饲粮颗粒料对育肥羔羊钙、磷表观消化与代谢的影响

采用单因子分组设计,按同质原则将27只陶塞特(♂)与藏羊(♀)杂交一代公羔(3.5～4月龄)分为三组(每组9只),喂以不同能量与蛋白质水平(NRC、0.8NRC、0.9NRC)的全饲粮颗粒料。在饲养试验期间,从每组选5只试羊进行消化代谢试验,以研究不同营养水平对羔羊钙、磷消化与代谢的影响。试验结果表明:不同能量与蛋白质水平全饲粮颗粒饲料对羔羊钙、磷的表观吸收率和表观存留率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

不同结构日粮对育肥羔羊生长性能和粪便中养分含量的影响

本试验旨在研究不同结构日粮对育肥羔羊生长性能和粪便中残留养分含量的影响,为完善羔羊育肥体系提供参考依据.试验采用单因子随机分组设计,选择生长发育正常的76只4月龄、23 kg左右的蒙系断奶公羔,按体重分为2组,每组38只羊,同舍分栏饲养,预试期20 d,正试期91 d.试验组羔羊在育肥期内的9、10、11月饲喂精粗比分...     

大豆油和黄油对羔羊生长性能、养分消化率及屠宰品质的影响

文章旨在研究不同脂肪原料(大豆油和黄油)对羔羊生长性能、养分消化率及屠宰品质的影响。试验选择均重(18.5±1.70)kg的公羊24只,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复2只羊,对照组饲喂以大麦为主的基础日粮(不加脂肪),黄油组和大豆油组分别在大麦型日粮中添加3.2%的黄油、大豆油,试验开展9周。黄油和大豆油组较对照组显著提高了酸性洗涤纤维摄入量(P <0.05),同时粗脂肪摄入量也显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。与对照组相比,大豆油和黄油组显著提高了羔羊日增重和末重(P <0.05)。日粮添加脂肪较对照组显著提高了羔羊总增重(P <0.05)。大豆油和黄油组较对照组显著提高了粗脂肪表观消化率(P <0.05)。日粮添加脂肪显著提高了N的摄入量(P <0.05)。黄油组较对照组显著提高了热屠体和冷屠体重(P <0.05),大豆油和黄油组较对照组显著提高了肝脏和肾脏脂肪重量(P <0.05)。黄油组较大豆油组显著提高了最长肌重量(P <0.05),对照组和黄油组较大豆油组显著提高了腰肌系水力(P <0.05)。结论 :大麦型日粮中添加3.2%大豆油和黄油可以提高羔羊日增重、末重和屠体重,对养分消化率和胴体品质有一定改善。     

全混合日粮营养水平对热应激肉牛生长性能、瘤胃形态学及肉质的影响

文章旨在评估热应激条件下通过调整全混合日粮营养水平来改善肉牛生长性能、瘤胃形态学及肉品质.试验将6月龄大、平均体重为(85.08±2.31)kg的64头荷斯坦肉牛随机分为2组,每组8个重复,每组32头.从6月龄开始试验,两组肉牛分别饲喂粗蛋白质水平为16.0％和12.0％的全混合日粮,持续到15月龄.整个试验期间外界环...     

饲粮添加益生菌对山羊屠宰性能、肉品质和器官发育的影响

为探明饲粮添加益生菌对山羊屠宰性能、肉品质和器官发育的影响,本研究将36只健康、体重相近的2月龄左右努比亚母羊随机分为3组,每组12只羊,试验羊分别饲喂添加0 (试验Ⅰ组)、0.5‰ (试验Ⅱ组)和1.0‰ (试验Ⅲ组)益生菌的基础饲粮,试验期为70 d。结果表明：1) 试验Ⅱ组山羊的胴体重和后腿重显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P < 0.05),试验Ⅱ组山羊的宰前活重、屠宰率和眼肌面积均高于其他两组(P > 0.05)。2) 各组间山羊的肌肉pH、熟肉率、失水率、剪切力和肉色无显著差异(P > 0.05)。3) 试验Ⅲ组山羊的心脏重量和指数显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P < 0.05),但其他指标在各组间无显著差异(P > 0.05)。4) 试验Ⅱ组山羊的十二指肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度(villus height/crypt depth, VH/CD)显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P < 0.05);试验Ⅰ组山羊的空肠隐窝深度显著低于试验Ⅱ组(P < 0.05),而回肠绒毛高度则显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P < 0.05),其他指标在各组间无显著差异(P > 0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加低水平益生菌在一定程度上能够改善山羊的屠宰性能和器官发育。     

饲养系统和日粮对羔羊屠宰性能和肌肉矿物质含量的影响

文章旨在探讨不同饲养系统和日粮对羔羊生长、屠宰性能及肌肉矿物质含量的影响。试验将平均体重为（13.97±0.55）kg的120只羔羊随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只。T1组在室内饲喂基础浓缩料,每天补充100 g稻草,T2组在室内饲喂基础浓缩料,每天补充100 g稻草和锌硒复合矿物质（0.2 mg/d硒,50 mg/d锌）,T3组在室外放牧,除了采食苜蓿草外,每天额外补充100 g稻草和100 g燕麦。试验时间为9周。结果：T1和T2组羔羊的末重、日增重、半胴体重、下肢深度、下肢重量、眼肌面积、颈、胸肌、肾重量均显著高于T3组（P＜0.05）,但骨盆骨重量显著低于T3组（P＜0.05）。各处理组羔羊的可食用部分和骨盆肌肉重量无显著差异（P＞0.05）。T2组63 d羔羊血液硒含量较T1和T3组分别显著提高了19.83%和25.0%（P＜0.05）,血液锌含量较T1和T3组分别显著提高了31.71%和45.91%（P＜0.05）。T3组羔羊肌肉钙含量较T1和T2组分别显著提高了8.79%和5.37%（P＜0.05）。T2羔羊肌肉硒和锌含量较T1和T3组分别显著提高了41.18%、65.52%和38.19%、46.15%（P＜0.05）,T2和T3组羔羊肌肉钾含量较T1组分别显著提高了3.27%和4.28%（P＜0.05）。结论：在本试验条件下,放牧羔羊胴体的脂肪含量低于室内饲养的羔羊,室外放牧可以提高肌肉钙和钾含量,但肌肉硒含量降低。[关键词]饲养系统|羔羊|屠宰性能|矿物质     

Ensiling characteristics of total mixed ration prepared with local feed resources in Mozambique and their effects on nutrition value and milk production in Jersey dairy cattle

To effectively utilize total mixed ration (TMR) prepared with locally available feed resources, we studied the nutritional value and milk production in Jersey dairy cattle fed a local general diet (LGD) and fermented TMR in Mozambique. Ten head of Jersey dairy cattle with 337 ± 19.8 kg body weight, aged 3–4 years in mid location were used in this study. The LGD diet was designed following the general feeding method of local smallholding farms; it contained native grass, Napier grass, wheat bran, and mineral–vitamin mix. Fermented TMR was prepared using Napier grass, corn bran, wheat bran, formula feed, and mineral–vitamin mix. Fermented TMR was preserved as good quality, with a relatively low pH and high lactic acid content. Compared to LGD, fermented TMR significantly improved the dry matter intake and digestibility in dairy cattle. Milk yield was significantly higher in dairy cattle fed with TMR than in those fed with LGD, by 3.75 L/d; milk quality was not significantly different between treatments. The results confirmed that LGD had a low dry matter intake and milk yield, and fermented TMR prepared with local feed resources can attain good quality and improve milk yield in dairy cattle in Mozambique.     

Effects of apple pomace proportion levels on the fermentation quality of total mixed ration silage and its digestibility,preference and ruminal fermentation in beef cows

Four Japanese black beef cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square to evaluate the fermentation quality, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and preference of total mixed ration (TMR) silages prepared with differing proportions of apple pomace (AP). Experimental treatments were the control (no AP added, CAP), 5% (low, LAP), 10% (medium, MAP) and 20% (high, HAP) of TMR dry matter (DM) as AP. All TMR silages were well preserved. Ethanol was produced in silages containing AP and the amount increased with the proportion of AP (P < 0.05). Nutrient digestibility with LAP, MAP and HAP treatment was lower than that with CAP treatment (P < 0.05). The ruminal molar proportion of acetic acid increased (P < 0.05), but the ruminal ammonia‐N concentration decreased (P < 0.05) as the proportion of AP increased. The preference of the animals was highest for HAP, followed by MAP, CAP and LAP. This study demonstrates that decrease in nutrient digestibility might be related to the ethanol produced naturally from AP. Therefore, the proportion of AP in TMR silages should be less than 5% of dietary DM.     

全混合日粮对奶牛产乳性能的影响

试验选用了12头奶牛,根据产奶量、泌乳天数和胎次相近的原则分为试验组和对照组,研究全混合日粮对奶牛产乳性能的影响。试验结果表明,试验组4％标准乳产量比对照组提高1 24kg,差异显著(P<0．05),乳脂率及乳脂、乳糖和乳固形物含量也分别比对照组显著提高11．60％、17．50％、13．21％和9．86％(P<0.05)。     

不同精粗比全混合日粮饲养技术对南方奶牛采食行为、产奶性能和血清游离氨基酸的影响

研究了具有南方奶牛日粮类型特征的全混合日粮饲养技术不同精粗比(T1,60∶40;T2,55∶45;T3,50∶50;T4,45∶55;T5,40∶60)对奶牛的采食行为、产奶性能和血清游离氨基酸的影响。试验结果表明,在全混合日粮饲养技术下,日粮精粗比的增加,奶牛的干物质采食量从T5组的13.57 kg/d显著降低至T1组的12.70 kg/d(P<0.05),咀嚼时间从T5组的786.50 min/d极显著降低至T1组的607.83 min/d(P<0.01);奶牛的产奶量、4%标准奶产量、乳糖、乳总固形物、总非脂固形物产量均随日粮精粗比增加而显著增加(P<0.05),以60%精料添加量的T1组为最高,分别为13.92,13.25,0.65,1.73和1.20 kg/d;但对奶牛的血清游离氨基酸含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。表明在南方奶牛典型日粮采用全混合日粮饲养技术时,日粮精粗比的增加可提高奶牛的产奶性能,降低奶牛的干物质采食量、咀嚼时间,对奶牛的血清游离氨基酸含量没有显著影响。     

葡萄渣对羔羊生产性能、屠宰性能和养分消化代谢的影响

本试验采用单因子完全随机试验设计,选择60只3月龄左右杜寒F₁代公羔进行试验,测定不同水平葡萄渣对羔羊生产性能、屠宰性能和养分消化代谢的影响。本试验设4个饲粮处理组,每个处理15个重复,每个重复一只羊,Ⅰ为基础饲粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ处理组为饲粮中分别含有8%,16%和24%的葡萄渣,缩合单宁(condensed tannins,CT)含量分别为0,1.5,3.0和4.5 g/kg。结果表明,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组羔羊日采食量、日增重、胴体重、屠宰率和胴体脂肪含量都显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05),N表观存留率极显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.01),但Ⅰ组羔羊的酸性洗涤纤维和N表观消化率显著高于Ⅳ组(P＜0.05);Ⅱ组羔羊的饲料转化率显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05),净肉率极显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.01)。随着CT含量的增加,羔羊的N、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率逐渐降低,N的表观存留率逐渐升高,综合考虑羔羊日增重、饲料转化率、屠宰性能和养分利用率等指标,饲粮中葡萄渣以8%~16%为宜。     

Effects of feeding different levels of corn steep liquor on the performance of fattening lambs

This study was conducted to assess the effect of feeding corn steep liquor (CSL) on in vivo digestibility, ruminal pH, ammonia and hydrolytic enzyme activities, blood metabolites, feed intake (FI) and growth performance in fattening lambs. The CSL is a by‐product of wet milling process of maize starch industry. The crude protein (CP), rumen‐degradable protein (RDP), lactic acid and metabolisable energy contents of this by‐product were 420, 324, 200 g/kg dry matter (DM) and 12.6 MJ/kg DM respectively. Twenty‐seven male Moghani lambs were assigned randomly into three groups of nine lambs each in a completely randomised design. Three iso‐energetic and iso‐nitrogenous diets containing different levels (0, 50 or 100 g/kg dry matter) of CSL were offered ad libitum three times a day. Forage to concentrate ratio of the diets was 30:70. With inclusion of CSL in diet, the contents of canola meal, fish meal, wheat bran, corn grain and sugar beet pulp were decreased. The contents of DM, ash‐free neutral detergent fibre (NDFom), ether extract, starch, Ca and S were numerically lower, but soluble protein, RDP and non‐fibre carbohydrates were greater in the diets containing CSL in comparison with the control diet. The lambs fed with the diets containing CSL had lower [linear (L), p < 0.06] digestibility coefficients of DM and NDFom as compared to those fed with the diet free of CSL. Ruminal ammonia‐N concentration increased (L, p < 0.05), but pH decreased (L, p < 0.05) with raising CSL level in diet. Carboxymethyl cellulase and filter paper‐degrading activities decreased (L, p < 0.05), while proteases activity increased (L, p < 0.05) as dietary rates of CSL increased. Microcrystalline cellulase and ɑ‐amylase activities were similar among the treatments. Within blood metabolites, only urea‐N concentration increased (L, p < 0.05) in the lambs receiving CSL as compared to those fed with diet without CSL. Dietary inclusion of CSL resulted in linear decreases (L, p < 0.05) in the intakes of DM, organic matter, CP, NDFom and ash‐free acid detergent fibre, and average daily gain. However, the feed conversion ratio was similar among the experimental animals. Overall, feeding CSL up to 100 g/kg diet DM in lamb resulted in reductions of rumen fibrolytic microbial enzyme activities, in vivo digestibility, FI and growth performance, but rumen proteases activity increased.