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神经干细胞研究进展及其在环境兽医学中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1992年,Reynolds等最先从成年鼠的纹状体和海马中分离出能够进行自我更新、不断分裂增殖且具有多种分化潜能细胞群落,由此提出了神经干细胞(neural stem cells,NSCs)的概念,从而打破了多年来人们一直信为中枢神经细胞是在胚胎时期产生的,成年以后神经细胞的数目不再增加,只会因衰老而发生死亡的论断。Mckay于1997年在Science杂志上将神经干细胞的概念总结为:具有分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞及少突胶质细胞的能力,能自我更新并足以提供大量脑组织细胞的细胞。总之,正因为干细胞具有自我更新能力、多能性或全能性、整合性和转分化性、低免疫原性等特性,所以有着非常重要的理论研究意义和临床应用价值。 相似文献
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胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cells,ES)是从早期囊胚内细胞团分离培养出来的能够不断维持自我更新和具有发育多能性的细胞。Wnt信号通路在维持胚胎干细胞的自我更新方面起着重要作用,糖原合成激酶 (glycogen synthase kinase-3,GSK-3)抑制剂可以激活Wnt信号通路,促进胚胎干细胞自我更新和增强细胞间连接。作者就GSK-3抑制剂在胚胎干细胞自我更新、细胞连接方面的作用及其作用机制进行简单综述。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2016,(1)
鹿茸作为一种贵重中药,对人体有滋补作用,尤其在治疗虚弱、神经衰弱等方面效果更佳。鹿茸角是通过生茸干细胞的快速分裂和繁殖实现的,而这种鹿茸干细胞主要分布于鹿茸周围的骨膜组织中,随着鹿茸的逐渐长大,骨膜组织向间充质组织转化,而此时这之间的间充质细胞也仍然具有干细胞的特点,在体内也可以向软骨组织转化。而干细胞自身不仅具有进行复制、更新的能力,同时还具有在一定条件下"变身",即通过分化成为多功能细胞的能力。结果表明:间充质干细胞(MSC)是成体干细胞的一种,它的自我更新受自身内在基因和其所处微环境信号的共同调控。而其中的Notch、Wnt 2条有关发育调控的信号,则在这两种能力的调控过程中具有至关重要的作用。 相似文献
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胚胎干细胞是未分化的具有增殖和自我更新能力的细胞,并且能分化成所有类型的体细胞以及生殖细胞。它们提供了早期胚胎分化的体外模型,也是基因操作的重要靶细胞。禽类多能性干细胞培养最重要的应用领域是以干细胞体外遗传修饰、鉴定为技术平台的家禽转基因技术。通过此技术对禽类基因进行遗传修饰与操作,在胚胎发育基础研究、转基因禽类生产及家禽育种等方面有巨大的应用前景。但是禽类多能性干细胞培养的许多基本问题仍亟待解决,如探索其建系的培养条件、揭示其维持多能性和增殖能力的分子机制等。文章综述了禽类多能性干细胞的分离方法、体外分化能力、嵌合体形成以及基因修饰方面的研究进展及目前的研究局限。 相似文献
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胚胎性干细胞包括从动物早期胚胎的卵裂球、囊胚内细胞团细胞分离建系的胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cell,ESC)、从胚胎生殖嵴原始生殖细胞(primordial germ cell,PGC)分离建系的胚胎生殖细胞(embryonic germ cell,EGC)和来源于畸胎瘤中的胚胎性癌细胞(embryonic carcinoma cell,ECC)。ESC具有发育分化的多潜能性和无限的自我更新能力,能在体外长期培养并具有向机体各种组织细胞分化的潜能。所以,被广泛应用于胚胎发育与细胞分化调控的研究,作为修复器官与器官移植的种子细胞,并可用于转基因动物的生产。作者主要综述了干细胞的最新研究进展,ESC培养扩增诱导机制,定向分化方法。 相似文献
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昆虫干细胞研究进展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
干细胞是一类具有自我更新和分化潜能的细胞,按照其来源可分为胚胎干细胞和成年干细胞。昆虫中也同样存在多种干细胞。开展昆虫干细胞自我更新、发育命运决定、分化潜能等特性以及其与周围微环境相互关系的研究,对农林害虫的生物防治、经济昆虫的遗传育种以及一些生物反应器材料的利用,甚至对于人类疾病的治疗等都具有重要意义。以模式生物果蝇为主,介绍了昆虫干细胞的相关研究进展,重点集中在果蝇各种组织干细胞的鉴定与识别方面,包括研究较成熟的生殖腺内干细胞、中肠干细胞、马氏管干细胞、神经母细胞和造血干细胞。同时介绍了对干细胞维持起重要调控作用的各种信号途径的研究进展。这些昆虫干细胞的研究成果将为开展家蚕等鳞翅目昆虫的干细胞研究提供启示。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(12)
精原干细胞(SSCs)是具备自我更新与分化潜能的生殖干细胞,其通过协调自我更新与分化之间的动态平衡来维持SSCs群体数量的稳定并保证精子发生的持续进行。SSCs的自我更新和分化受细胞因子、转录因子和其他增殖分化相关蛋白等多种因素调控。MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一类很小的非编码内源性RNA,广泛存在于机体各组织器官,且差异性表达于精子发生的各个时期,在精子发生过程中发挥重要调控作用。本文主要综述了miRNAs对SSCs自我更新和分化相关转录因子及其他蛋白等表达的调控,并简要论述了miRNAs调控SSCs增殖与分化的其他方式,以期为后续SSCs的研究提供科学参考。 相似文献
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C Cocola P Anastasi S Astigiano E Piscitelli P Pelucchi L Vilardo G Bertoli M Beccaglia MC Veronesi S Sanzone O. Barbieri RA Reinbold GC Luvoni I Zucchi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):214-217
Recent data suggest that mammary carcinogenesis may be driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs) derived from mutated adult stem cells, which have acquired aberrant cell self-renewal or by progenitor cells that have acquired the capacity for cell self-renewal. Spontaneous mammary cancers in cats and dogs are important models for the understanding of human breast cancer and may represent alternative species model systems that can significantly contribute to the study of human oncogenesis. With the goal of identifying markers for isolating human breast CSCs, we have generated a canine model system to isolate and characterize normal and CSCs from dog mammary gland. Insight into the hierarchical organization of canine tumours may contribute to the development of universal concepts in oncogenesis by CSCs. Cells with stem cell properties were isolated from normal and tumoural canine breast tissue and propagated as mammospheres and tumourspheres in long-term non-adherent culture conditions. We showed that cells obtained from spheres that display self-renewing properties, have multi-lineage differentiation potential, could generate complex branched tubular structures in vitro and form tumours in NOD/SCID mice. We analysed these cells for the expression of human stem and CSC markers and are currently investigating the tumour-initiating properties of these cells and the hierarchical organization of normal and neoplastic canine mammary tissue. 相似文献
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Ferrari M Corradi A Lazzaretti M De'Cillà M Losi CG Villa R Lanfranchi A 《Veterinary research communications》2007,31(Z1):1-8
The use of adult stem cells in tissue regeneration appears to be a powerful research tool, due to the intrinsic characteristics of these cells, i.e., self-renewal and unlimited capacity for proliferation. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from bone marrow or peripheral blood can be easily isolated, cultivated, propagated and can be differentiated into several specialized cell types thanks to their plasticity. Among these cells, MSCs can evolve into cardiac cell lineages. Since heart damage leads to the irreversible loss of cardiac function, cell transplantation could be a potential therapy for heart injury. Our laboratory has focused on the purification and expansion of rat and sheep MSCs, their differentiation into cardiomyocytes and their characterisation. Numerous results indicate that MSCs could be promising for therapy, however we need to better understand the biology of stem cells to improve methods for delivery and/or pharmacological activation. These techniques can indeed track engrafted cells and systems to guarantee their safe use. 相似文献
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Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) reside within specialized microenvironments called 'niches', which are essential for their maintenance and self-renewal. In the mammalian testis, the main components of the niche include the Sertoli cell, the growth factors that this nursing cell produces, the basement membrane, and stimuli from the vascular network between the seminiferous tubules. This review focuses on signalling pathways maintaining SSCs self-renewal and differentiation and describes potential mechanisms of regulation of the spermatogonial stem cell niche. 相似文献