维生素E营养研究新进展

维生素 E 习惯上称为 DL-α-乙酸生育酚(图)(参看本刊1989,4:19和1989 6:18—编者注)。名称中的α部分与第一个环中甲基的数目有关,在α结构中,有三个甲基。当α由β或γ取代时则只有两个甲基,而δ-生育酚只有一个甲基,甲基越多,抗氧化能力越强。     

肉鸡维生素E营养研究进展

维生素E(Vitamin E)是Evans和Bishop于1922年研究影响大鼠正常繁殖所需的植物油脂溶因子时发现的.当时,V_E只被认为是维持大鼠正常繁殖机能所必需的未鉴定脂溶因子,故V_E亦被称作生殖维生素或抗不育维生素.1931年Papenheimer和Goettsch的经典实验表明,V_E在防止脑软化和肌肉营养障碍方面是必需的.以后经很多动物研究证明,V_E缺乏可导致多种病理状态,V_E与动物体大部分组织正常执行功能和防止多种缺乏症有关.     

母猪的维生素E营养

母猪日粮中VE及硒含量的研究应使用新的指标,如免疫力。VE在家畜免疫系统中的作用已引起人们的极大兴趣(Nockels,1986)。在母猪日粮中添加VE可增强仔猪对疾病(特别是肠道疾病)的抵抗力。肠道疾病是仔猪断乳前死亡的重要原因。青年母猪及成年母猪在妊娠期和哺乳期间对VE的需要量尚未确定。由于这方面研究试验猪数量较少,又采用传统的指标(如产仔数、断乳时成活率或仔猪增重等),因而不能确切查明VE的需要量。另外,有关研究结果表明,日粮中的脂肪     

母猪繁殖中的维生素E营养

论述了维生素E对母猪繁殖性能的影响。研究表明,在母猪日粮中添加维生素E能降低胚胎和仔猪死亡率,显著提高产仔数,从而改善母猪的繁殖性能。     

猪的最适维生素E营养

<正>1最低与最适维生素推荐摄入量维生素被定义为维持动物生命和生产必不可少的微量有机化合物。在20世纪前半叶发现维生素的     

商品肉鸡的维生素E营养

预混合料配方:首先应当检查加入日粮中的维生素预混合料添加剂,现在通常采用的维生素预混合料配方还是与七、八年前相同的配方,也就是肉仔鸡的体重在7周龄时达到4磅。现行的大多数鸡在很小时候公母分群饲养,由于营养和环境的压力影响利用和吸收,使得对维生素营养造成极大的压力。我们不能期望     

Effects of dietary vitamin and fatty acid content in E on muscle vitamin E Aohan fine-wool sheep

Background： Increasing the polyunsaturated fatty acid （PUFA） content and decreasing the saturated fatty acid （SFA） content of mutton can help to improve its nutritional value for consumers. Several laboratories have evaluated the effects of vitamin E on the fatty acid （FA） composition of muscle in sheep. However, little information is available on wool sheep, even though wool sheep breeds are an important source of mutton, especially in northern China where sheep are extensively farmed. The present study was designed to address the effects of vitamin E on muscle FA composition in male Aohan fine-wool sheep. Methods： Forty-two male Aohan fine-wool lambs （5 mo old） with similar initial body weight were randomly divided into seven groups and fed diets supplemented with 0 （control group）, 20, 100, 200, 1,000, 2,000, or 2,400 IU/sheep/d vitamin E for 12 mo. Three lambs from each group were slaughtered to measure vitamin E and FA content in the Iongissimus lumborum （LL） and gluteus medius （GM） muscles. Results： Vitamin E concentrations in the LL and GM increased significantly after 12 mo of vitamin E supplementation （P 〈 0.05）. However, this increase did not occur in a dose-dependent manner because the muscle vitamin E concentration was highest in the 200 IU/sheep/d group. Dietary vitamin E supplementation also caused a significant reduction in SFA content and an increase in monounsaturated FA （MUFA） content in the LL and GM （P 〈 0.05）. All six doses of vitamin E significantly increased cis9 tronsl -conjugated linoleic acid （cgtl -CLA） content in the LL compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions： Dietary supplementation with vitamin E increased muscle vitamin E content and improved the nutritional value of mutton by decreasing SFA content and increasing MUFA and c9tl 1-CLA contents in Aohan fine-wool sheep. These effects were greatest in sheep fed a diet containing 200 IU/sheep/d vitamin E.     

Effects of dietary vitamin E on muscle vitamin E and fatty acid content in Aohan fine-wool sheep

Background

Increasing the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content and decreasing the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content of mutton can help to improve its nutritional value for consumers. Several laboratories have evaluated the effects of vitamin E on the fatty acid (FA) composition of muscle in sheep. However, little information is available on wool sheep, even though wool sheep breeds are an important source of mutton, especially in northern China where sheep are extensively farmed. The present study was designed to address the effects of vitamin E on muscle FA composition in male Aohan fine-wool sheep.

Methods

Forty-two male Aohan fine-wool lambs (5 mo old) with similar initial body weight were randomly divided into seven groups and fed diets supplemented with 0 (control group), 20, 100, 200, 1,000, 2,000, or 2,400 IU/sheep/d vitamin E for 12 mo. Three lambs from each group were slaughtered to measure vitamin E and FA content in the longissimus lumborum (LL) and gluteus medius (GM) muscles.

Results

Vitamin E concentrations in the LL and GM increased significantly after 12 mo of vitamin E supplementation (P < 0.05). However, this increase did not occur in a dose-dependent manner because the muscle vitamin E concentration was highest in the 200 IU/sheep/d group. Dietary vitamin E supplementation also caused a significant reduction in SFA content and an increase in monounsaturated FA (MUFA) content in the LL and GM (P < 0.05). All six doses of vitamin E significantly increased cis9 trans11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9t11-CLA) content in the LL compared with the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Dietary supplementation with vitamin E increased muscle vitamin E content and improved the nutritional value of mutton by decreasing SFA content and increasing MUFA and c9t11-CLA contents in Aohan fine-wool sheep. These effects were greatest in sheep fed a diet containing 200 IU/sheep/d vitamin E.     

Plasma and liver concentrations of aP-tocopherol in weaner sheep after vitamin E supplementation

Changes in the plasma and liver concentrations of alpha-tocopherol in sheep kept in an animal house, grazed on pasture, grazed on pasture and fed an oat/lupin grain supplement, or grazed on toxic lupin stubble were monitored following no, oral or intramuscular administration of alpha-tocopherol. It was concluded that intramuscular administration was most effective because it caused longer periods of elevated plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations in most situations investigated and consistently higher concentrations of alpha-tocopherol in the liver, compared to oral administration. The dose rates of alpha-tocopherol given, the vehicle for alpha-tocopherol in the injectable preparation, the different diets consumed and the concurrent occurrence of lupinosis all influenced the results. In spite of this a significant positive correlation existed between the terminal liver and plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations.     

Selenium, vitamin E and vitamin A status in dairy sheep reared under different feeding systems in Greece

The main purpose of the study was to investigate whether the feeding system applied has any effect on the status of blood selenium (Se) and vitamins A and E in dairy sheep. In total 200 dairy sheep from 10 flocks were used in the study (20 animals per flock). Group A consisted of 100 sheep (five flocks) reared under the intensive feeding system and group B of 100 sheep (five flocks) reared under the semi-intensive feeding system. The 100 sheep of each group consisted of 25 lambs aged 3-6 months, 25 ewes 1-3 years, 25 ewes more than 3 years and 25 non-lactating ewes in late gestation. Another purpose was to evaluate the potential effect of the age and the reproductive stage of the animals on these parameters. To determine the effect of age, 150 of these animals were divided into three subgroups: 50 lambs, 50 non-pregnant lactating ewes aged 1-3 years and 50 non-pregnant lactating ewes aged more than 3 years. For the evaluation of the effect of the reproductive stage the 50 non-lactating ewes in late gestation and the 100 non-pregnant lactating ewes were used. Blood samplings were performed once, between December and January for non-lactating ewes in late gestation and March to May for lambs and lactating ewes. Whole blood Se and vitamin E and A serum concentrations were determined. The main conclusion is that the feeding system significantly affects Se and serum vitamin A concentration, as they were higher in the intensive one. It was secondly concluded that age affects the serum concentrations of vitamin A.     

最佳的维生素营养配方

研究表明动物的遗传潜力以健康、生长和饲料转化率的形式表达维生素对动物生产效益和动物福利有显著作用.     

维生素营养的合理化概念有待更新

动物对维生素的需要是动态的，随着新的基因型的产生、生产性能的提高、生产系统的演变，以及随着人们对维生素功能的进一步了解而发生变化。这就意味着关于维生素及其补充的导则在修定时所提出的更新建议应有一个较为稳固的基础。目前的新导则可以应用，因为其修定建议是以一个长久不变的概念即“最适宜维生素营养(OVN)”为基础的，它有助于营养学家在添加维生素时不会损害动物的健康目标和生产目标。     

Investigations on manifestations of vitamin E and selenium deficiency in sheep and goats]

In a prospective study from 1991-1998 plasma concentrations of alpha-Tocopherole (VitE) and Selenium (Se) were analysed in 125 sheep and 32 goats with generalised motor disturbances or elevated plasma-activities of Creatine-Kinase (CK). VitE-values < 1.0 mg/l and Se-values < 0.08 mg/l were regarded as deficiency. Diagnosis of pathological manifestations was based on blood enzyme values. CK-values in plasma > 300 U/l or Aspatate-Amino-Transferase (ASAT) > 150 U/l were regarded as myopathy, Glutamat-Dehydrogenase-values > 25 U/l indicated a hepatopathy. 92 (74%) sheep and 10 (31%) goats showed VitE and/or Se deficiency. There were no principal differences in the frequencies of myopathies (67%) and hepatopathies (46%) between pure VitE deficiencies or pure Se deficiencies or combinations of both deficiencies. In VitE deficiency and in the combinations of VitE and Se deficiency the elevations of the enzyme activities were more pronounced than in Se deficiency. The lethality was significantly higher in combined VitE + Se deficiencies (73%) than in pure VitE or Se deficiencies (35%). Combined VitE + Se deficiencies occurred more frequent in lambs (53%) and was often accompanied by anaemia (29%) and hypoproteinaemia (32%). The diagnostic reliability of ASAT and GLDH for the detection of VitE and Se deficiency was better than CK. Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in flock diseases are discussed.