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1.
Georgia Ntatsi Anestis Karkanis Dionisios Yfantopoulos Valentini Pappa Inara Helena Konosonoka Ilias Travlos 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(3):294-307
In the present study, three pea Greek landraces Schinousa (AUASCHIN001), Andros (AUAANDRO001), and Amorgos (AUAAMORG001), and the commercial variety Onward were grown following either conventional or organic farming practices. The main objective of the study was to assess the suitability of these three landraces for organic cultivation as compared with a standard commercial variety. The total fresh pod yield produced by AUASCHIN001 and AUAAMORG001 was significantly lower than that obtained from ‘Onward’ and AUAANDRO001. Furthermore, the three landraces exhibited a higher competition to weeds than the commercial variety. Under organic farming conditions, AUASCHIN001 and AUAAMORG001 produced appreciably less shoot biomass than ‘Onward’ and this resulted in commensurate decreases in the total amount of BNF (biological nitrogen fixation) in their plant tissues, although the percentage of nitrogen (N) fixed from the atmosphere was significantly lower in ‘Onward’. AUAANDRO001 rendered the highest amounts of BNF in the organic farming systems, which was similar to that produced by ‘Onward’ in the conventional system. These results indicate that the tested landraces and especially AUAANDRO001 are more adaptable to low soil N levels and high weed competition, and thus they are more suitable for organic cultivation than ‘Onward’ which performs best in conventional cropping systems. 相似文献
2.
Sindhuja Shanmugam Margita Hefner Jeanett S. Pelck Rodrigo Labouriau Hanne L. Kristensen 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(1):729-740
Intercropping can improve yield and nitrogen use efficiency in organic vegetable production by pairing crops with complementary resource use. An intercrop field experiment was conducted to determine yield, root growth and nitrogen (N) dynamics using faba bean (Vicia faba L.) grown as a vegetable and pointed cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata cv. conica). Both crops were grown in monocropping (MC) and intercropping systems (IC). Minirhizotrons were used to measure root growth. Yield of pointed cabbage per metre row was 28% higher under the IC system than under MC, whereas faba bean yield as fresh seeds did not differ. The land equivalent ratio was 1.06, showing that improved yield under IC resulted from efficient land resource use. Even though MC cabbage had the highest aboveground biomass, total N accumulation was higher under IC and MC faba bean systems. Both root frequency and intensity were greater under IC faba bean rows compared with MC faba bean because of the presence of cabbage roots in faba bean rows. Monocropped cabbage had the highest root intensity and the lowest amount of soil mineral N in the 0–1.5 m depth after harvest. Monocropped cabbage was efficient in assimilating N, whereas MC faba bean was efficient in exporting N as harvestable yield. The nitrogen use efficiency using the IC system (75%) was higher than growing faba bean (44%) and cabbage (65%) alone. Thus, faba bean as an intercrop in organic cabbage production systems improves land and N use efficiency by complementary root growth. 相似文献
3.
[目的]筛选适用于成都平原的高效广谱蚕豆根瘤菌,并对其相关促生功能进行初步评价,为成都平原高效蚕豆根瘤菌剂的研制与应用提供科学依据。[方法]供试6株根瘤菌由课题组前期分离自成都平原,其与四川主栽蚕豆‘大白蚕豆’匹配良好,采用常规方法测定了这6个菌株分泌生长素及溶磷能力。菌株与蚕豆品种匹配试验采用低氮砂培法,供试蚕豆品种为成都平原主栽品种‘成胡14’、‘成胡15’;两个品种的蚕豆种子播种后,分别接种6个菌株,以不接种为对照(CK),光照(控温22~25℃、光照强度2800 lx左右、日照时间14 h)下培养41天后收获,测定植株生物量和根瘤数。然后,对匹配性试验筛到的两株高效广谱根瘤菌进行田间验证,供试蚕豆品种为成胡15,将2个根瘤菌制备的菌剂(活菌数5.0×10^8 CFU/g以上,载体为泥炭)进行拌种,以不接菌处理的灭菌泥炭为对照。在盛花期(生育期105 d)采样测定株高、根瘤数、地上部分植株干重;收获期(生育期200 d)采样测产;测定两个时期植株样品氮、磷、钾含量。盛花期采用BOX-PCR分子标记法测定接种根瘤菌占瘤率,同时提取接种菌株SCAUf73、SCAUf76的总DNA,比较接种菌株及相应根瘤类菌体根瘤菌DNA的BOX-PCR分子指纹图谱。用多位点基因序列分析法对田间验证的优良菌株SCAU73进行分类地位研究。[结果]1)通过匹配性砂培试验,筛选到2株与2个成都平原主栽蚕豆品种均高效匹配的根瘤菌SCAUf73、SCAUf76。SCAUf76、SCAUf73能使‘成胡14’、‘成胡15’植株干重较CK显著增加40.5%~61.6%。2)通过两株菌田间接种试验发现,接种SCAUf76处理的蚕豆产量与CK差异不显著;接种SCAUf73处理蚕豆植株干重、全氮含量等指标均高于CK,籽粒鲜产比CK显著增加25.0%,并显著高于SCAUf76,其占瘤率达到33%。3)多位点基因序列分析表明,SCAUf73可能是Rhizobium的一个新类群。4)促生性试验表明,6株菌都能分泌生长素(IAA),最大分泌量为21.0 mg/L(SCAUf76);供试菌株的溶磷能力不明显。[结论]从成都平原上筛选的6个菌株中,SCAUf73具有分泌IAA能力,与蚕豆接种后,占瘤率达33%,可显著促进蚕豆氮素吸收积累,提高蚕豆籽粒产量。与成都平原的主栽蚕豆品种匹配的高效广谱根瘤菌SCAUf73,适用于成都平原的蚕豆生产。 相似文献
4.
蚕豆枯萎病是土传病害,其发生与蚕豆根系分泌物有密切关系。本文以3个枯萎病不同抗性蚕豆品种——‘89-147’(高抗)、‘8363’(中抗)和‘云豆324’(感病)为材料,通过水培试验收集根系分泌物,测定根系分泌物对镰刀菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响,分析对枯萎病表现出不同抗性的蚕豆品种根系分泌物中糖、氨基酸和有机酸的含量,分离鉴定了根系分泌物中氨基酸和有机酸的组分。结果表明,抗病品种的根系分泌物抑制了尖孢镰刀菌的孢子萌发和菌丝生长,在加入5 mL中抗品种根系分泌物时,显著促进尖孢镰刀菌孢子萌发,但对菌丝生长无显著影响;而在加入1 mL感病品种根系分泌物时,就能显著促进尖孢镰刀菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长。不同抗性蚕豆品种根系分泌物中氨基酸总量和总糖含量随抗性的降低而升高,有机酸分泌总量则随蚕豆品种对枯萎病的抗性增加而升高。感病品种和中抗品种中检出15种氨基酸,而高抗品种中检出14种,组氨酸只存在于中抗品种中,脯氨酸仅在感病品种中检出,3个蚕豆品种根系分泌物中均未检出精氨酸。蚕豆根系分泌物中天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和亮氨酸含量高,可能会促进枯萎病的发生,而蛋氨酸、赖氨酸和丝氨酸含量高可能抑制枯萎病发生。酒石酸仅在抗病品种中存在,根系分泌物中有机酸种类丰富,有助于提高蚕豆对枯萎病的抗性。蚕豆对枯萎病的抗性不同,根分泌物对镰刀菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响也不同,而这种抗病性差异与蚕豆根系分泌物中糖、氨基酸、有机酸的含量和组分密切相关。 相似文献
5.
不同品种小麦与蚕豆间作对蚕豆枯萎病发生、根系分泌物和根际微生物群落功能多样性的影响 总被引:14,自引:2,他引:12
通过田间小区试验和盆栽试验,研究了3个不同品种小麦[云麦42(YM42),云麦47(YM47)和绵阳29(MY29)]与蚕豆间作对蚕豆枯萎病发生、 根系分泌物和根际微生物群落功能多样性的影响。结果表明,云麦42与蚕豆间作处理(YM42//B)和云麦47与蚕豆间作处理(YM47//B)使蚕豆枯萎病病情指数分别降低47.6%和33.3%,而绵阳29与蚕豆间作处理(MY29//B)对蚕豆枯萎病病情指数无显著影响。与蚕豆单作相比,YM42//B和YM47//B处理显著增加了根系分泌物中有机酸的含量,显著降低了根系分泌物中可溶性总糖和游离氨基酸含量; 显著提高了蚕豆根际微生物对碳源的利用强度,明显改变了蚕豆根际微生物群落结构,并且YM42//B处理的影响大于YM47//B; 而MY29//B处理对碳源利用强度、 根际微生物群落结构和根系分泌物中有机酸、 可溶性总糖和游离氨基酸含量均无显著影响。 YM42//B处理根际微生物利用碳源的种类比YM47//B处理多,同时YM42//B和YM47//B处理利用的糖类、 氨基酸类和羧酸类碳源种类完全不同。表明云麦42和云麦47与蚕豆间作通过增加有机酸含量,从而提高根际微生物活性和多样性,促进了根际微生物利用更多的碳源,同时云麦42和云麦47与蚕豆间作抑制了氨基酸和总糖的分泌,而最终控制了蚕豆枯萎病的发生。表明不同品种小麦与蚕豆间作系统根系分泌物-根际微生物的互作是影响蚕豆枯萎病抗性的重要原因。小麦与蚕豆间作控病效果受小麦品种的影响,以云麦42与蚕豆间作效果最好,其次为云麦47与蚕豆间作,而绵阳29与蚕豆间作无显著控病效果。 相似文献
6.
Michel P. Andraus Aline A. Cardoso Enderson P. B. Ferreira 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(9):1148-1161
The common bean can obtain nitrogen (N) from the decomposition of the soil organic matter, mineral fertilizers, and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of nodulation parameters related to BNF throughout the development of common bean cultivars with different growth cycles. The experiments were conducted for two consecutive years (2012 and 2013) with 22 common bean cultivars with different growth cycles. The common bean cultivars were inoculated with a mixture of Rhizobium tropici strains (SEMIA 4077, SEMIA 4080, and SEMIA 4088). In 2012, samplings were performed from the V4 to the R8 stage, and the parameters related to nodulation and crop growth were evaluated at each stage and in the R9 stage, the grain yield and its components were measured. For the 2013 experiment, the same evaluations were performed but the nodulation parameters were only measured in the R6 and the R7 stages. Differences in the number and activity of the nodules along the development of the cultivars were observed. For the early and semi-early cycle cultivars, the activity of the nodules was observed until the R7 stage, while for the regular and late cycle cultivars, this activity only occurred until the R6 stage, resulting in three more days of nodule activity for the early and semi-early cycle cultivars as compared to the regular and late ones. The number of nodules correlated significantly with the shoot dry weight and the shoot Total-N; while the nodules dry mass showed a significantly high correlation with both parameters. The overall mean grain yield was 2,766.75 kg ha?1. However significant difference related solely to the various cultivars cycles were not observed. 相似文献
7.
Wasanthika Harshini Galpottage Dona Jeff J. Schoenau Tom King 《Journal of plant nutrition》2020,43(6):879-895
AbstractLegumes have a unique ability to obtain a significant portion of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) through a symbiotic relationship with Rhizobia spp of bacteria but it takes time, thus, an early supply of N to the plant may positively influence growth and development. However, too much fertilizer in close proximity to the seed can damage the seedling. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the maximum safe rates for starter seed-row fertilizer application under low seedbed utilization conditions (15%). Emergence, biomass yield and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) uptake responses to starter fertilizer products and blends applied at 0, 10, 20 and 30?kg?N?ha?1 in the seed-row were investigated for six different pulse crops: soybean, pea, faba bean, black bean, lentil and chickpea. The general sensitivity (injury potential) for starter N, P, S fertilizer was lentil?≥?pea?≥?chickpea?>?soybean?≥?black bean?>?faba bean. Lentil, pea and chickpea could generally only tolerate the 10?kg?N?ha?1 rates while soybean and black bean could tolerate 10–20?kg?N?ha?1. Faba bean emergence appeared relatively unaffected by all three rates of N and showed least sensitivity to seed row placed fertilizer. In terms of 30-day biomass response, soybean and black bean were most responsive to fertilization, while pea, faba bean, lentil and chickpea were least responsive to the starter fertilizer applications, with no benefit increasing above the 10?kg?N?ha?1 rate. 相似文献
8.
Silvia Pampana Alessandro Masoni Iduna Arduini 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2016,66(2):127-132
In grain legumes, the N requirements of growing seeds are generally greater than biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and soil N uptake during seed filling, so that the N previously accumulated in the vegetative tissues needs to be redistributed in order to provide N to the seeds. Chickpea, field bean, pea, and white lupin were harvested at flowering and maturity to compare the relative contribution of BNF, soil N uptake, and N remobilisation to seed N. From flowering to maturity, shoot dry weight increased in all crops by approximately 50%, root did not appreciably change, and nodule decreased by 18%. The amount of plant N increased in all crops, however in field bean (17?g?m?2) it was about twice that in chickpea, pea, and lupin. The increase was entirely due to seeds, whose N content at maturity was 26?g?m?2 in field bean and 16?g?m?2 in chickpea, pea, and lupin. The seed N content at maturity was higher than total N accumulation during grain filling in all crops, and endogenous N previously accumulated in vegetative parts was remobilised to fulfil the N demand of filling seeds. Nitrogen remobilisation ranged from 7?g?m?2 in chickpea to 9?g?m?2 in field bean, and was crucial in providing N to the seeds of chickpea, pea, and lupin (half of seed N content) but it was less important in field bean (one-third). All the vegetative organs of the plants underwent N remobilisation: shoots contributed to the N supply of seeds from 58% to 85%, roots from 11% to 37%, and nodules less than 8%. Improving grain legume yield requires either reduced N remobilisation or enhanced N supply, thus, a useful strategy is to select cultivars with high post-anthesis N2 fixation or add mineral N at flowering. 相似文献
9.
地下部分隔对蚕豆/玉米间作氮素吸收和土壤硝态氮残留影响 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
利用田间试验,探讨了地下部分隔对蚕豆/玉米间作氮素吸收和土壤硝态氮残留的影响,结果表明:蚕豆/玉米间作,蚕豆不分隔条件下籽粒和秸秆吸氮量比分隔分别增加20 10%,34 43%;玉米不分隔条件下籽粒吸氮量与分隔近似,但秸秆吸氮量比分隔减少13 04%;蚕豆和玉米不分隔条件下土壤硝态氮累积量都高于分隔。蚕豆/空带间作,蚕豆不分隔籽粒吸氮量高于分隔,但土壤硝态氮累积量没有差异。空带/玉米间作,地下部分隔与否,作物吸氮量和土壤硝态氮累积量都没有差异。 相似文献
10.
M. Boczkowska Z. Bulińska-Radomska J. Nowosielski 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(4):473-478
Runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.) is traditionally cultivated in Poland for dry seeds. The national collection of runner bean maintained in the National
Center for Plant Genetic Resources gathers 152 accessions, which are mainly landraces originated in Poland (68%), Ukraine
(17%) and Slovakia (10%). The collection contains valuable genetic resources for bean breeders and research. The aim of this
study was to describe the level and structure of genetic diversity of three landraces and two commercial cultivars of runner
bean from the national collection in order to assess their genetic potential for breeding. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism
analysis included five combinations of selective primers. Analysis of seven genetic diversity parameters reveled fair amount
of genetic variation both in landraces and cultivars. High genetic diversity of commercial cultivars relative those of landraces
suggests that the breeding process leading to their release was rather moderate and most likely included domestic gene pool
of runner bean. Low gene diversity and low Nei’s genetic distance values as well as intergradations among accessions in the
PCoA may indicate reduced variability P. coccineus grown in Poland as a result of its migration pathways. 相似文献
11.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):629-642
Abstract One‐third of all the cultivated land area is used for multiple cropping and half of the total grain yield is produced with multiple cropping in China. There have been numerous studies on nutrient acquisition by crops in legume/non‐legume intercropping systems, but few on nutrient uptake in cereal/cereal intercropping. This paper describes a field experiment in which integrated wheat/maize and maize/faba bean systems were compared with sole wheat and sole faba bean cropping to assess the effects of intercropping on nutrient uptake by wheat, maize, and faba bean under various application rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizers. Results show that both N and P fertilizers and intercropping enhanced N uptake by wheat, while only P fertilizer and intercropping increased P acquisition by wheat. The advantage of N uptake by border rows of wheat intercropped with maize declined with increasing N fertilizer application rate, but that of P acquisition was not affected by P fertilizer. The amounts of both N and P taken up by maize intercropped with faba bean were much higher than those by maize intercropped with wheat throughout the period of intercropping. Both fertilization and intercropping did not influence the N and P uptake by faba bean. 相似文献
12.
P. A. Casquero M. Lema M. Santalla A. M. De Ron 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(5):1021-1032
Ninety-five common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces from Spain were evaluated in three different environments in northern Spain for their agronomic performance and seed quality. Significant differences among landraces were found for 14 quantitative traits related to phenology, yield and its components, and seed quality traits. Environmental effects were significant for all traits evaluated except for seeds pod?1, seed width/thickness, seed weight, and seed water absorption. Landrace by environment interactions were significant for all traits except for seeds pod?1 and seed water absorption. Selection of new breeding lines for agronomic performance and seed quality within landraces should be reliable because many of them are mixture of lines. Some heirloom varieties belonging to the types faba, caparrón,riñón,ganxet and tolosana had the best performances regarding to seed quality and yield. Principal component analysis revealed differences among environments affecting the performance of the bean landraces. Variation in the landraces seems to be organized in a different way in each one of the test environments, therefore, low plasticity and specific adaptation of Spanish bean landraces to different environments is derived from this study. Some landraces, especially those large and white seeded should be an useful resource for sustainable farming systems in different biogeographical areas and a worthy germplasm for the genetic improvement of agronomic value and seed quality. 相似文献
13.
Ilaria Marotti Alessandra Bonetti Maurizio Minelli Pietro Catizone Giovenni Dinelli 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(1):175-188
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and a semi-random PCR system were used to analyze
the genetic diversity of 16 Italian common bean landraces and their relationship to four commercial cultivars. Of the primers
tested, 8 ISSR, 6 RAPD and 7 semi-random primers produced polymorphic and reproducible DNA fragments. A higher proportion
of polymorphic bands were observed using ISSR (85%) and semi-random (90%) primers than RAPD (69%) method. The combination
of any two semi-random markers allowed the identification of all 20 bean genotypes. In contrast ISSR (except for primer (CAC)3GC) and RAPD markers appeared to be less informative as more than two markers were necessary to achieve the same diagnostic
level. Moreover, 7 ISSR, 2 RAPD and 8 semi-random exclusive bands were identified as putative population-specific markers.
Semi-random and ISSR derived dendrograms showed similar tendencies in terms of genetic relatedness, whereas clustering of
genotypes within groups was not similar when compared with the RAPD technique. Despite the different ability to resolve genetic
variation among the investigated landraces, two major clusters with less than 60% (ISSR) and 40% (RAPD and semi-random) genetic
similarity were formed with all three marker systems. The two groups were correlated with the phaseolin patterns and seed
size of the landraces. The analysis showed that the cultivar ȁ8Lingua di Fuocoȁ9 and most of the landraces (13 out of 16)
collected in Italy belong to the Andean gene pool, whereas only the three populations from Pratomagno belong to the Middle
American gene pool. 相似文献
14.
Laursen KH Schjoerring JK Olesen JE Askegaard M Halekoh U Husted S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(9):4385-4396
The multielemental composition of organic and conventional winter wheat, spring barley, faba bean, and potato was analyzed with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and -mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The crops were cultivated in two years at three geographically different field locations, each accommodating one conventional and two organic cropping systems. The conventional system produced the highest harvest yields for all crops except the nitrogen-fixing faba bean, whereas the dry matter content of each crop was similar across systems. No systematic differences between organic and conventional crops were found in the content of essential plant nutrients when statistically analyzed individually. However, chemometric analysis of multielemental fingerprints comprising up to 14 elements allowed discrimination. The discrimination power was further enhanced by analysis of up to 25 elements derived from semiquantitative ICP-MS. It is concluded that multielemental fingerprinting with semiquantitative ICP-MS and chemometrics has the potential to enable authentication of organic crops. 相似文献
15.
Nitrogen fixation in faba bean (Vicia faba cv. Mesay) as affected by sulfur (S) fertilization (30 kg S ha–1) and inoculation under the semi‐arid conditions of Ethiopia was studied using the 15N‐isotope dilution method. The effect of faba bean–fixed nitrogen (N) on yield of the subsequent wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.) was also assessed. Sulfur fertilization and inoculation significantly (p < 0.05) affected nodulation at late flowering stage for both 2004 and 2005 cropping seasons. The nodule number and nodule fresh weighs were increased by 53% and 95%, relative to the control. Similarly, both treatments (S fertilization and inoculants) significantly improved biomass and grain yield of faba bean on average by 2.2 and 1.2 Mg ha–1. This corresponds to 37% and 50% increases, respectively, relative to the control. Total N and S uptake of grains was significantly higher by 59.6 and 3.3 kg ha–1, which are 76% and 66% increases, respectively. Sulfur and inoculation enhanced the percentage of N derived from the atmosphere in the whole plant of faba bean from 51% to 73%. This corresponds to N2 fixation varying from 49 to 147 kg N ha–1. The percentage of N derived from fertilizer (%Ndff) and soil (%Ndfs) of faba bean varied from 4.3% to 2.8 %, and from 45.1% to 24.0%, corresponding to the average values of 5.1 and 47.9 kg N ha–1. Similarly, the %Ndff and %Ndfs of the reference crop, barley, varied from 8.5 % to 10.8% and from 91.5% to 89.2%, with average N yields of 9.2 and 84.3 kg N ha–1. Soil N balance after faba bean ranged from 13 to 52 kg N ha–1. Beneficial effects of faba bean on yield of a wheat crop grown after faba bean were highly significant, increasing the average grain and N yields of this crop by 1.11 Mg ha–1 and 30 kg ha–1, relative to the yield of wheat grown after the reference crop, barley. Thus, it can be concluded that faba bean can be grown as an alternative crop to fallow, benefiting farmers economically and increasing the soil fertility. 相似文献
16.
小麦蚕豆间作体系氮素吸收累积动态及其种间氮素竞争关系 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
17.
Leguminous crops are significantly involved in the global symbiotic biological N2 Fixation (BNF), an eco‐friendly process in the agriculture system. Biochar is considered as a vital amendment in improving growth and quality of crops and soils. Few investigations have been conducted to determine the combination effect of biochar with microelements on growth of legumes and soil properties. This study was designed to study the effect of soybean straw‐derived biochar (SSDB) with or without microelements on soil microbial and chemical properties, growth, yield, and seed chemical composition of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Results revealed that dehydrogenase (DHA) and phosphatase (P‐ase) activities were markedly improved with the increase of SSDB rates under addition of microelements and their highest values were recorded after 90 d. Significant increases were noticed in nodulation activities, nodulation numbers (30.1–72.8), concentrations of N (1.62–1.93%), P (0.15–0.21%), and K (0.53–0.67%), and seed chemical constituents due to the addition of SSDB in the presence of microelements. Moreover, the combination of biochar with microelements caused significant changes in microbial counts. Overall, this investigation shows the potential and role of SSDB in enhancing the growth quality of faba bean seeds as well as an improvement of soil characteristics. 相似文献
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AbstractInoculation of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) might have potential to increase symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) and to reduce dependency on chemical fertilizers. Peat based inoculant can cause clogging of air seeder and therefore, the potential of liquid inoculant was compared to peat based- and without inoculant during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons in the Red River Valley of ND and MN. Seed yield and SNF, using 15N isotope enrichment, response to inoculation were studied for four pinto and four kidney bean cultivars. Inoculation did not increase seed yield; moreover, both liquid and peat inoculation reduced kidney cultivars’ seed yield by 47% and 62% over control (without inoculation) treatment, respectively in 2016. In 2017, percent N derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) was significantly reduced by peat inoculation (61.2%) over control (76.7%). On average, pinto cultivars fixed 90.5 and 73.7?kg N ha?1 and kidney cultivars fixed 73.8 and 65.1?kg N ha?1, respectively in 2016 and 2017. The interaction between inoculation and cultivar influenced the quantity of SNF, specifically for kidney cultivars in 2017. Rather than inoculation, selection of cultivars had a more pronounced effect on seed yield and SNF. 相似文献
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不同竞争强度间作体系氮素利用和土壤剖面无机氮分布差异 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
田间小区试验,研究大麦/玉米间作、小麦/玉米间作和蚕豆/玉米间作及其对应单作体系,在不施氮和施氮225 kg/hm2情况下,对氮素吸收利用效率和土壤剖面无机氮变化的影响。结果表明,作物对养分的竞争能力与其根区土壤无机氮浓度和累积量密切相关。两作物共生期不施氮肥时,0—100 cm土层,土壤剖面无机氮残留量是间作大麦和间作小麦根区分别比间作蚕豆根区减少2032~82和10717~1 kg/hm2;与大麦和小麦间作的玉米根区分别比与蚕豆间作的玉米根区减少931~20和5687~kg/hm2。土壤无机氮累积量受作物类型、种间相互作用强度及实时土壤环境条件影响。种间相互作用提高了间作大麦和小麦的氮素当季回收率,但使与其间作的玉米氮素当季回收率降低。大麦/玉米和小麦/玉米竞争体系在不施氮肥时氮素利用效率最高。施用氮肥使大麦、小麦氮素收获指数降低,玉米氮素收获指数升高,对蚕豆无影响。在选择配对作物时,为获得间作优势要充分考虑作物竞争能力、土壤基础肥力条件、施肥水平及配套栽培措施等。低肥力土壤宜选择豆科/禾本科互惠体系,高肥力土壤宜选择禾本科/禾本科竞争体系。 相似文献
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