河北省滨海盐碱地土壤与盐生植物养分特征的研究

对滨海盐碱地土壤和植物样品分析结果表明,生长不同盐生植物的土壤含盐量不同,以生长白刺(Nitraria sibirica Pall.)的土壤含盐量最高,达18.5 g/kg,盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa L.Pall.)次之,柽柳的最低。盐生植物的生长改变了土壤养分特征,4种生长盐生植物的土壤养分含量均高于光板地,土壤有机质含量增加44％以上,生长木本盐生植物白刺、柽柳(Tamarix chinensis Lour.)的土壤养分含量高于生长草本盐生植物碱蓬、碱茅(Puccinellia distans Jacq.Parl.)的土壤,且不同盐生植物养分特征不同,白刺、柽柳N和P含量均高于盐地碱蓬、碱茅,K含量则与植物耐盐特性有关。     

Effects of consecutive applications of gypsum in equal,increasing, and decreasing quantities on soil hydraulic conductivity of a saline‐sodic soil

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of consecutive application of gypsum dissolved in leaching water on hydraulic conductivity of a saline‐sodic soil. Drainage type plastic columns with a 10 cm diameter were used in this laboratory experiment. Soil depth within columns was 30 cm with an average bulk density of 1.38 g cm^–3. Leaching water was applied in six equal portions. Total gypsum was applied at 1, 3, and 5 portions after dissolving in leaching water. In dissolution, equal (1.273 + 1.273 + 1.273 Mg ha^–1), increasing (0.637 + 1.273 + 1.910 Mg ha^–1) and decreasing (1.910 + 1.273 + 0.637 Mg ha^–1) quantities of gypsum were used. Results were compared with the control treatment, in which total amount of gypsum were mixed with surface layer of soil column before leaching. Hydraulic conductivity of soil increased in all treatments. The maximum hydraulic conductivity value was obtained at consecutive application of gypsum at decreasing quantities.     

废水灌溉下有机物料对重度盐渍土养分及芦苇生长的影响

在山东滨州含盐量为16.7 g.kg 1的重度退化滨海盐碱湿地,研究了造纸废水灌溉条件下添加有机物料对盐渍土养分和芦苇生长的影响,以期为重度退化滨海盐碱湿地的生物修复提供依据。试验从春季开始进行,共设4种处理:翻耕对照(CK)、翻耕+废水灌溉(FF)、翻耕+废水灌溉+秸秆(FFJ)以及翻耕+废水灌溉+污泥(FFW),测定了不同处理下土壤养分、呼吸强度、含盐量及芦苇株高和生物量的变化。结果表明,与对照相比,各处理土壤有机质显著提高,10月末时FFJ、FFW和FF处理土壤有机质含量分别是对照的1.34倍、1.29倍和1.22倍;碱解氮和有效磷含量也高于对照,依次为FFW>FFJ>FF>CK;各处理土壤呼吸强度高于对照,其中FFJ处理显著高于对照,比试验初期提高96%;各处理表层土壤含盐量均出现不同程度降低,以FFJ和FFW降低幅度最大,分别比对照降低22.6%和16.3%;FFW、FFJ和FF处理的芦苇株高显著高于对照,8月末分别是对照的3.1倍、2.7倍和2.2倍;FFJ和FFW处理的芦苇生物量、根冠比和平均叶面积都显著高于对照,而FF处理与对照没有显著差异;FF处理芦苇株高、生物量与土壤有效氮含量相关最为显著,FFJ和FFW处理与土壤有机质含量相关性最为显著。结果表明,废水灌溉为重度盐渍化土壤提供了充足的水分,有机物料能有效提高土壤养分含量,解决了重度盐碱化土壤水分胁迫和养分胁迫的问题,促进芦苇生长,但秸秆和污泥两种有机物料之间没有显著差异。     

施肥对菜园土壤养分淋溶流失浓度的影响

利用盆栽种植空心菜和菜心并收集测定土壤渗漏水氮磷钾养分浓度,研究了不同施肥水平对土壤氮磷钾淋溶流失浓度的影响。试验表明,在较大施肥量或化肥当季损失量范围内,土壤渗漏水硝态氮、总磷和钾浓度与氮、磷、钾施肥量或损失量之间呈非线性关系,但在中低施肥量时则表现为线性关系。化肥当季损失量与土壤渗漏水养分浓度呈显著水平的线性正相关,由此提出“双速率转折点”概念用以评价土壤养分流失潜力。当施肥量或化肥当季损失量超过双速率转折点X0后,土壤淋溶排水养分浓度将以非线性形式急剧增加。因此,从环保角度看,施肥量不应超过X0。盆栽试验表明,以化肥当季损失量为基础的灰泥土、灰黄泥土和黄泥土的氮肥X0分别为每盆N 0.35、0.32和0.34 g,磷肥X0分别为每盆P 0.06、0.06和0.09 g,灰泥土和灰黄泥土的钾肥X0则分别为K 0.17和0.18 g;与土壤渗漏水养分浓度为基础所确定的氮、磷、钾X0有显著水平的线性正相关。以环保为目标的氮磷钾用量X0大多数低于以产量为目标的经济施肥量。化肥当季损失量参数较易获得,可作为环保施肥的依据。     

地膜覆盖对春季咸水灌溉条件下滨海盐渍土水盐动态的影响

在河北省沧州市海兴县选取耕层土壤初始含水量有较大差异的两个地块,于春季利用当地高矿化度咸水(10~15 g·L~(-1))进行灌溉和地膜覆盖,以探究地膜覆盖对春季咸水灌溉条件下滨海盐渍土水盐动态的影响。设不灌咸水不覆膜(对照,CK)、不灌咸水覆膜(PM)及3月29日和4月13日灌咸水不覆膜(SE、SL)、灌咸水后覆膜(SE+PM、SL+PM)6个处理探讨不同咸水灌溉和覆膜对土壤水盐动态的影响;另在耕层土壤含水量≥20%(海兴县小山乡)和20%(海兴县农场)两个地点分别设灌咸水后覆膜(SE+PM)和不灌咸水不覆膜(CK)处理,探讨初始土壤含水量对咸水灌溉下土壤水盐动态的影响。灌水量均为180 mm,灌溉咸水来自排水渠,矿化度分别为12.12 g·L~(-1)和11.53 g·L~(-1),咸水入渗后,播种油葵。结果表明:春季咸水灌溉后覆膜能有效降低耕层土壤盐分,并且该项措施实施的时间越早越好,脱盐深度和脱盐率均较深和较高,本研究中,脱盐效果最优的为SE+PM处理,该处理在油葵收获后0~5 cm脱盐率为58.93%,土壤含盐量由1.15%降至0.51%。此外,脱盐效果也受到土壤初始含水量的影响,耕层土壤含水量20%时,春季咸水灌溉覆膜处理对土壤盐分的淋洗效果较好,平均脱盐深度大于40 cm,保证了油葵正常生长,油葵出苗率和产量分别为73.9%和920 kg·hm~(-2),至油葵收获时,0~20 cm土层土壤含盐量由灌溉前的1.93%降低至0.32%,脱盐率达84.07%;而当耕层土壤含水量≥20%时,脱盐速度慢、深度浅,至油葵播种时,土壤盐分依然较高,导致油葵出苗率低,最终绝收。本研究通过利用春季高矿化度咸水灌溉和地膜覆盖措施,在春季干旱和土壤严重积盐条件下有效降低了耕层土壤盐分,为作物播种出苗提供适宜的土壤水分条件和低盐环境。     

基于可见-近红外光谱的滨海盐土土壤盐分预测方法

我国目前尚存盐渍土0.35亿hm2,潜在盐渍化土壤0.17亿hm2,15 m等深线以内的浅海和滩涂有0.14亿hm2,黄河河口及长江口以南诸省的滨海盐土都有逐年递增的趋势[1]。因此,对盐渍化土壤盐渍化程度的连续、实时监测尤为重要。然而,我国在区域盐渍土制图、分区及全国性的监测预报体     

不同改良剂对滨海盐渍土土壤理化性质和小麦生长的影响

【目的】盐分胁迫是滨海盐渍土上粮食产量提高的主要障碍因子之一。研究不同功能性改良物料对消除和减轻这一障碍因子的作用,为改良盐渍化土壤和提高作物产量提供理论依据。【方法】以小麦品种‘青麦 6 号’为供试材料,在滨海盐渍土上进行田间试验,设置 7 个处理为空白对照（CK）、含钙物料的磷石膏（PG）和脱硫石膏（FGD）、调酸物料的硫酸亚铁（FS）、含碳材料的牛粪（M）以及含碳和调酸物料的腐植酸（HA）和糠醛渣（FRs）,分析比较不同改良剂对滨海盐渍化土壤理化性质以及对小麦生长发育的影响。【结果】施加改良剂降低了土壤表层 (0—20 cm) 的 pH 值,作为酸性材料的腐植酸、糠醛渣和硫酸亚铁效果明显,土壤的 pH 值较对照分别降低了 0.10、0.11 和 0.11;施改良剂降低了土壤的交换性钠离子含量和钠的吸附比 (sodium adsorption ratio, 简称 SAR),磷石膏和脱硫石膏提供充足的钙离子用于置换土壤中交换性钠离子,明显降低了不同土层中的交换性钠离子含量和 SAR 值,0—20 cm、20—40 cm 和 40—60 cm 土层中,磷石膏和脱硫石膏对土壤交换性钠离子含量和 SAR 值的降低效果明显,其中施加磷石膏分别较对照降低了 15.5% 和 18.3% (0—20 cm)、28.2% 和 28.6% (20—40 cm)、36.5% 和 36.5% (40—60 cm),施加脱硫石膏分别较对照降低了 24.9% 和 27.9% (0—20 cm)、27.6% 和 26.3% (20—40 cm)、24.5% 和 25.0% (40—60 cm);施加改良剂增加了小麦成熟期的穗数,其中磷石膏、脱硫石膏和糠醛渣改良效果显著,分别较对照增加 27.6%、24.5% 和 18.6%,并分别提高小麦的产量 26.7%、17.8% 和 17.8%。【结论】 酸性物料的糠醛渣、腐植酸和硫酸亚铁,可以明显降低土壤 pH 值和增加小麦苗期的茎蘖数量,综合考虑改良剂对土壤 pH、Na+ 含量、SAR 值和小麦群体数量的影响,含碳的调酸物料的糠醛渣效果较好;含钙物料的磷石膏和脱硫石膏,可以显著降低土壤 Na+ 含量以及 SAR 值,增加小麦成熟期穗数,提高小麦产量均具有显著的效果,磷石膏效果最佳。     

Leaching and reclamation of calcareous saline‐sodic soil by moderately saline and moderate‐SAR water using gypsum and calcium chloride

Lysimeter experiments were conducted with sandy‐clay‐loam soil to study the efficiency of two amendments in reclaiming saline‐sodic soil using moderately saline and SAR (sodium‐adsorption ratio) irrigation water. Gypsum obtained from industrial phosphate by‐products and reagent grade Ca chloride were applied to packed soil columns and irrigated with moderately saline (ECe = 2.16 dS m^–1), moderate‐SAR water (SAR = 4.8). Gypsum was mixed with soil prior to irrigation at application rates of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 32 Mg ha^–1, and Ca chloride was dissolved directly in leaching water at application rates of 4.25, 8.5, 12.75, 17.0, and 21.25 Mg ha^–1, respectively. The highest application rate in both amendments resulted in 96% reduction of total Na in soil. The hydraulic conductivity (HC) of soils receiving gypsum increased in all treatments. The highest HC value of 6.8 mm h^–1 was obtained in the highest application rate (32 Mg ha^–1), whereas the lowest value of 5.2 mm h^–1 was observed with the control treatment. Both amendments were efficient in reducing soil salinity and sodicity (exchangeable‐sodium percentage, ESP); however, Ca chloride was more effective than gypsum as a reclaiming material. Exchangeable Na and soluble salts were reduced with gypsum application by 82% and 96%, and by 86% and 93% with Ca chloride application, respectively. Exchangeable Ca increased with increasing amendment rate. Results of this study revealed that sodium was removed during cation‐exchange reactions mostly when the SAR of effluent water was at maximum with subsequent passage of 3 to 4 pore volumes. Gypsum efficiently reduced soil ESP, soil EC, leaching water, and costs, therefore, an application rate of 20 Mg ha^–1 of gypsum with 3 to 4 pore volumes of leaching water is recommended for reclaiming the studied soil.     

基于水分和原位电导率的西宁盆地盐渍土含盐量估算模型

为了探讨西宁盆地黄土状盐渍土导电特性与土体本身含水率和含盐量之间的关系,该文在土体洗盐试验基础上,测得了不同含水率和含盐量条件下黄土状盐渍土电导率,分析了土体电导率与含水率、含盐量之间的相互关系和作用机理;在此基础上,建立了土体电导率与含水率、含盐量之间的多元回归模型。结果表明,在土体含盐量一定条件下随着土体含水率增加土体电导率呈逐渐增大的变化趋势,且二者之间符合幂函数关系;土体含盐量愈高条件下土体含水率增加对电导率的影响则愈为显著。在土体含水率一定的条件下,土体电导率随着含盐量增加呈逐渐增大的变化趋势,且二者之间符合线性函数关系;当土体含水率相对较高时,含盐量增加对电导率的影响程度亦较为显著。对建立的区内黄土状盐渍土电导率与含水率、含盐量之间的多元回归模型(R2=0.995)进行验证,相对误差在10%之内,表明模型可有效确定含水率大于5%且小于25%(?5.52%)及含盐量为0.18%～2.18%条件下黄土状盐渍土的含盐量。研究成果对研究区及其周边地区黄土状盐渍土其盐渍化程度划分、工程地质特性评价,以及土体盐渍化等地质灾害现象的科学防治具有理论研究价值和工程指导意义。     

污灌条件下土壤碱度、石膏施用以及污水过滤处理对水力传导度的影响

污水是淡水资源缺乏地区农业灌溉的重要水资源之一。该文通过室内土柱淋洗试验，研究了污水灌溉条件下土壤碱度、脱硫石膏施用以及污水过滤处理对土壤水力传导性能的影响。试验结果显示，土壤饱和水力传导度随淋出液体积的增加而减小。非碱性土壤的稳定水力传导度比碱性土壤(可交换钠百分比约为30)的大74%左右。脱硫石膏的施用降低了碱性土壤的pH值以及土壤溶液的钠吸附比。0.5%的石膏施用量可增大碱性土壤的稳定水力传导度37%左右。污水过滤处理增大了非碱性土壤的初始水力传导度，而降低了碱性土壤的初始水力传导度。在污水灌溉条件下，石膏施用可有效地改善碱性土壤的水力传导能力。     

排水暗管间距对滨海盐土淋洗脱盐效果的影响

为合理设计盐碱土灌排改良工程,提高盐碱土改良效果,该文通过田间试验,研究了排水暗管间距对滨海盐土淋洗脱盐效果的影响。结果表明,漫灌淋洗期间,吸水管间距埋设越小,小区暗管系统稳定排水流量越大,淋洗初期的排水矿化度也越大,排水排盐效率越高;相同淋洗用水量下,3m间距小区田间各点土壤脱盐比较均一,6、9m间距小区田间各点土壤脱盐效率相差较大,3次淋洗后3个小区田间各点0~1m深土体土壤脱盐率分别在70.93%～73.40%、64.68%～77.47%、56.54%～78.78%;利用暗管工程技术参数估算方法预测了淋洗改良后田间各点土壤含盐量,不同间距吸水管上方0~1m深土体土壤含盐量预测值与实测值差异较大,其他各点差异较小,预测误差率在±10%左右。排水暗管间距对田面各点土壤脱盐效果影响很大,盐碱土灌排改良应合理设计暗管间距和采取有效的淋洗措施。     

咸水结冰灌溉结合改良剂对滨海盐土的改良作用

冬季咸水结冰灌溉是将冬季自然冷资源与滨海盐碱地区丰富的咸水资源相结合, 通过自然结冰使咸淡分离, 再利用结冰融化时咸水先流出淡水后流出会对土壤起到一定的洗盐作用的原理, 对盐碱地进行改良。本文通过大田试验, 研究了冬季咸水结冰灌溉及改良剂对天津滨海盐碱地水盐运移的影响。结果表明, 通过咸水结冰灌溉能降低根层土壤含盐量, 且灌溉水量与土壤含水量呈正相关。冬季咸水结冰灌溉初期可能会引起土壤碱化, 但随着冰层融化及时间的推移, 各处理的碱化趋势会逐渐消弱。在滨海盐土施用磷石膏能够降低HCO₃^-含量, 增加SO₄^2-、Ca²⁺含量, 有效降低Cl^-、Na⁺在总盐分中的比例, 且磷石膏施用量越大, 根层土壤的pH 越低、保水能力越强(7 500 kg·hm^-2 磷石膏>4 500 kg·hm^-2 磷石膏); 施用磷石膏和大水量的咸水结冰灌溉都能很好地促进柽柳生长,且咸水冬季结冰灌溉和施用磷石膏配合(1 350 m³·hm^-2 结冰灌溉+7 500 kg·hm^-2 磷石膏)效果最好。因此, 咸水结冰灌溉配合改良剂应用可有效改良滨海盐土, 改善因咸水结冰灌溉而带来的土壤碱化问题, 为早期植物萌发生长提供有利条件。     

Reclamation of a coastal reclaimed tidal land soil by gypsum and rice straw

This study was to evaluate the application effect of gypsum and rice straw on the saline–sodic soils of coastal reclaimed tidal lands during newly reclamation process by leaching method. Soil used in the lysimeter experiment is classified as Greyic Hydragric Anthrosols (Sodic Arenic). The experiment was carried out over a period of 1 year from May 2014 to July 2015 inside a plastic film house. Saturated electrical conductivity (EC_e) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) values of soils in gypsum treatment and gypsum with rice straw treatment then reached the desalinization criteria (EC_e = 4.0 dS m^?1, ESP = 15%) after the five or six pore volumes leaching cycles. However, in spite the 10 pore volumes leaching cycles in control and rice straw alone treatment, the values did not reach the desalinization criteria. The results showed that effectiveness of improvement of sodicity and salinity in coastal reclaimed tidal land soils was in the order of gypsum = gypsum + rice straw > rice straw = control. Our study has shown that gypsum alone treatment or gypsum with rice straw treatment in a coastal reclaimed tidal land soils improves their physicochemical characteristics.     

复合改良物料对滨海盐土的改土降盐效果与综合评价

为实现泥质滨海盐土低成本快速脱盐后种植经济作物,本研究以磷石膏、牛粪、腐殖酸和玉米秸秆为复合改良物料的原料,利用了"深翻耕、浅改良、高垄作、少滴灌"农艺措施和耐盐植物梯次种植的生物措施,采取L16(45)正交设计开展试验研究,系统分析了不同复合改良物料对泥质滨海重盐土的改土降盐和对经济作物黄蜀葵的增产效果;应用模糊数学评判原理与方法,综合评价了各复合改良物料的改土降盐与增产效应,确定出适合滨海泥质盐土应用的优选复合改良物料。结果表明:在"翻耕40cm,改良30cm,起垄15cm,滴灌土壤基质势控制在?10kPa,前茬种植田菁"的综合农艺措施条件下,本研究中物料成本在2.55～6.01元?m?2的各复合改良物料对泥质滨海盐土均有显著的改土降盐效果,0～10cm土层土壤盐分含量均由10.86g·kg?1下降到2.0 g·kg?1以下, 10～20 cm土层土壤盐分含量下降到2.5 g·kg?1以下; 0～10 cm土层土壤有机质增加到12 g·kg?1以上,土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量提升明显,土壤大团聚体含量增加2.41～7.62倍。以土壤盐分含量、pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、微团聚体为评价指标,结合物料成本,筛选出适宜于滨海泥质重盐渍土的最优复合改良物料:22 500 kg·hm?2磷石膏+105 m3·hm?2有机肥+3 750 kg·hm?2腐殖酸+45 m3·hm?2玉米秸秆,该最优复合物料应用两年后,土壤有机质、碱解氮含量最高,与对照相比分别增加181.87%和130.52%,物料施用成本仅4.05元?m?2。     

新围砂涂土壤盐分和养分的定位观测及研究

通过 1 992～ 1 998年近七年的新围砂涂土壤盐分和养分的定位观测及研究表明 :随着垦种年数的增加 ,砂涂土壤盐分含量有下降趋势 ,但受到气候、利用方式、地形高低等因素的影响 ,脱盐速度不尽相同 ,脱盐率高的达 80 .2 % ,低的仅 2 7.7% .土壤碱解氮含量有所增加 ,从 1 992年的 34 .7mg/kg增至1 998年的 4 4.7mg/kg ,但仍处于很低的水平 ;有效磷含量有了较大幅度的提高 ,从 1 992年的 4 .3mg/kg增至 1 998年的 8.7mg/kg ;速效钾含量有不同程度下降 ,下降幅度为 9.8～ 51 .5% .     

The effect of soil: Water ratios on the agronomic significance of the electrical conductivity of saturated paste extracts

Abstract

A correction is proposed for the evaluation of salinity effects on the basis of the electrical conductivity of saturated paste extracts. It is suggested that the dilution of the soil solution during the preparation of the saturated paste must be taken into account. Equations for estimating the electrical conductivity of a soil solution at field capacity are presented. The corrected equations improve the ability to predict the salinity hazard by determining the electrical conductivity of saturated paste extract.     

基于土壤电导率时空变异性的管理分区技术研究

A coastal saline field of 10.5 ha was selected as the study site and 122 bulk electrical conductivity （ECb） measurements were performed thrice in situ in the topsoil （0-20 cm） across the field using a hand held device to assess the spatial variability and temporal stability of the distribution of soil electrical conductivity （EC）, to identify the management zones using cluster analysis based on the spatiotemporal variability of soil EC, and to evaluate the probable potential for sitespecific management in coastal regions with conventional statistics and geostatistical techniques. The results indicated high coefficients of variation for topsoil salinity over all the three samplings. The spatial structure of the salinity variability remained relatively stable with time. Kriged contour maps, drawn on the basis of spatial variance structure of the data, showed the spatial trend of the salinity distribution and revealed areas of consistently high or consistently low salinity, while a temporal stability map indicated stable and unstable regions. On the basis of the spatiotemporal characteristics, cluster analysis divided the site into three potential management zones, each with different characteristics that could have an impact on the way the field was managed. On the basis of the clearly defined management zones it was concluded that coastal saline land could be managed in a site-specific way.     

微咸水灌溉下土壤水盐动态及对作物产量的影响

华北平原农业灌溉用水非常紧缺,水资源日益缺乏与粮食需求日益增多之间的矛盾尖锐。充分利用微咸水资源是缓解这一矛盾的重要途径之一。该文以中国农业大学曲周试验站1997－2005年冬小麦和夏玉米微咸水灌溉田间长期定位试验为基础,研究了充分淡水、充分淡咸水、关键期淡水、关键期淡咸水和不灌溉等5个处理下土壤饱和电导率和含盐量的动态变化,探讨了微咸水灌溉对冬小麦和夏玉米产量的影响。结果表明：土壤水盐动态呈受灌溉和降雨影响的短期波动和受季节更替影响的长期波动;在正常降雨年份,使用微咸水进行灌溉是可行的,不会导致土壤的次生盐渍化;微咸水灌溉虽然导致冬小麦和夏玉米产量降低10%～15%,但节约淡水资源60%～75%。如果降雨量达到多年平均水平以及微咸水灌溉制度制订合理,微咸水用于冬小麦/玉米田间灌溉前景广阔。     

黄河三角洲盐碱地混交林土壤电导率的空间异质性

为了研究黄河三角洲盐碱地混交林土壤盐分在旱季和雨季的空间分布特征,以黄河三角洲新造的由11个树种组成的混交林为研究对象,利用经典统计学和地统计学相结合的方法,绘制上层（0 ～ 15 cm）和下层（15～30 cm）土壤电导率的随机性和结构性的半方差图以及空间分布图,研究春季和秋季不同深度土壤电导率的空间变异特征.结果表明：1）土壤电导率平均值在春季和秋季有显著差异,不论是上层还是下层,春季均大于秋季.春季上层和下层土壤电导率变化范围分别为1.12 ～5.18和0.83～3.72 mS/cm,变度分别为4.06和2.89 mS/cm.秋季上层和下层土壤电导率变化范围分别为0.85 ～2.91和0.62～3.05 mS/cm,变度分别为2.06和2.43 mS/cm.春季土壤电导率变异系数较大,而秋季则较小.2）春季混交林上层和下层土壤电导率均有强烈的自相关性,变程分别为13.47和12.72 m.秋季上层和下层土壤电导率变异函数的半方差图几乎为直线,变程分别为213和71m,超出了取样范围,表明在该取样尺度下没有自相关性.3）Kriging插值结果表明,混交林地春季土壤电导率斑块化程度高于秋季.