热应激条件下复合添加剂对奶牛生产性能和生理指标的影响

试验选择22头处于泌乳中期的荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为对照组和试验组,对照组饲喂常规日粮,试验组日粮中添加复合添加剂。结果表明:复合添加剂对奶牛干物质采食量没有影响;试验组奶牛产奶量比对照组提高了1.52%(P0.05),对照组奶牛产奶量比试验前下降了16.36%,而试验组提高了1.45%;复合添加剂除可明显降低乳脂率外(P0.05),对其他乳成分基本没有影响;与对照组比较,试验组的直肠温度显著降低(P0.05),呼吸频率显著升高(P0.05)。     

日粮中添加离子型饲料添加剂缓解奶牛热应激的效果研究

本研究旨在通过向日粮中添加一种离子型饲料添加剂(别名为巴尔吡尔)研究在热应激条件下对奶牛生产性能的影响。试验选择健康泌乳中期荷斯坦牛200头,采用随机区组试验设计分为对照组(饲喂常规TMR)和试验组(TMR中添加50m L/头·d巴尔吡尔),每组各100头,试验期为60d。试验结果表明:试验期牛舍THI值大于72,处于热应激环境下;日粮中添加巴尔吡尔可降低奶牛直肠温度,奶牛平均采食量提高6.46%;群体每日产奶量和单头平均产奶量分别升高9.18%和8.19%;饲喂巴尔吡尔还可降低奶牛乳房炎发病率,但乳蛋白、乳脂、乳糖和非脂乳固体含量分别较对照组低1.75%、7.18%、1.94%和1.82%。综上所述,日粮中添加巴尔吡尔可提高在奶牛热应激环境下的采食量和产奶量,有助于缓解热应激对奶牛生产性能的影响。     

"抗热应激中草药添加剂"对奶牛产奶量和乳汁成分的影响

夏季热应激是影响奶牛产奶量的一个重要因素。采用中兽医学理论对夏季热应激奶牛进行辨证施治 ,组方“中草药饲料添加剂”作为抗热应激缓冲剂。选择 1 6头年龄、胎次、生产性能相似的奶牛分成 2组 (每组各 8头 )进行添加剂饲喂试验。结果表明 ,添加中草药复合剂的试验组产奶量比空白对照组明显提高 (P <0 .0 5) ,试验组的乳汁监测也表明 ,中草药添加剂在提高奶牛产奶量的同时 ,不但不影响牛奶品质 ,还能提高牛奶营养成分。血液生化指标证明中草药添加剂还能提高奶牛的免疫力     

抗热应激剂对夏季奶牛生理及乳成分的影响

研究不同配比的中草药抗热应激添加剂对缓解泌乳期奶牛热应激的效果。试验选用18头体质量、胎次和产奶量均相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛,采用完全随机设计,分为3个处理组,即使用不同中草药配伍的配方1组、配方2组和空白对照组。结果表明:试验第3周,配方1组和2组与对照组相比,产奶量分别提高15.67%和15%,差异显著;试验第1周末,配方1组和2组奶牛呼吸数较对照组显著降低;试验第3周末,配方1组和2组奶牛脉搏数较对照组显著降低。2个配方组牛乳成分与对照组相比无显著差异。说明奶牛日粮中添加抗热应激中草药添加剂可以有效缓解热应激对奶牛的不良影响,同时不影响奶牛的产奶性能。     

高产奶牛热应激营养调控效果的研究

将24只荷斯坦奶牛按胎次、产奶量、泌乳天数、膘情、体型等因素相近原则分成3组,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+抗热应激预混料(试验Ⅰ组)、基础日粮+过瘤胃脂肪+抗热应激预混料(试验Ⅱ组),且自由采食玉米秸秆,研究其对奶牛采食量、生产性能、呼吸率、肛温以及血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:试验Ⅱ组日粮组合可以降低热应激奶牛直肠温度,提高精料、干物质采食量,增进奶牛食欲,显著提高产奶量,改善乳汁品质。     

中草药添加剂对河西地区热应激奶牛部分生理指标及牛奶常规成分的影响

为研究抗热应激中草药添加剂在不同添加剂量下对缓解甘肃省河西地区奶牛热应激的效果,选用泌乳期在4个月左右,体重、年龄、胎次、产奶量比较接近的荷斯坦奶牛32头,采用单因子试验设计,随机分为4个处理组,即1个空白对照组(A组)和B、C、D三个试验组(分别为每日每头奶牛添加0 g、100 g、200 g、400 g的中草药添加剂),每组8个重复,每个重复1头牛。试验期35 d,预试期15 d,正试期20 d。结果表明:随着抗热应激中草药添加剂量的增加,奶牛平均呼吸频率和平均直肠温度都有降低趋势,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05);试验B、C和D组与A组相比,奶牛日均产奶量分别提高了3.48%(P>0.05)、8.55%(P<0.05)和5.48%(P<0.05);平均乳脂率分别提高了0.27%(P>0.05)、4.66%(P<0.05)和2.19%(P<0.05);平均乳蛋白率分别提高了1.68%(P<0.05)、3.70%(P<0.05)和1.68%(P<0.05)。说明抗热应激中草药添加剂在每日每头奶牛200 g的添加剂量下,缓解奶牛热应激的效果较好。     

中草药添加剂对热应激奶牛产奶性能和血液生化指标的影响

本文旨在研究复方中草药添加剂对热应激奶牛干物质采食量、泌乳性能和血液生化指标的影响。试验挑选60头体况、产奶量、泌乳日龄和胎次相近的荷斯坦奶牛,采用完全随机试验设计,随机分为4组,每组15头奶牛,每组分别在基础饲粮中添加0、100、200和300 g/头·d的复方中草药添加剂,预饲期1周,正试期8周。结果表明,200和300 g/头·d添加组奶牛的干物质采食量和产奶量显著高于0和100 g/头·d添加组奶牛(P0.05)。复方中草药添加剂对热应激奶牛的乳成分无显著影响(P0.05)。复方中草药添加剂显著提高了热应激奶牛血液甲状腺激素和皮质醇浓度(P0.05),其中以200 g/头·d添加组浓度最高。复方中草药添加剂显著提高了热应激奶牛血液超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性,降低了血液丙二醛含量。综上所述,本试验条件下使用的复方中草药添加剂以200 g/头·d的添加剂量具有最佳效果,可以显著改善热应激奶牛的干物质采食量和泌乳性能。     

中草药添加剂对热应激下奶牛产奶量的影响

热应激对奶牛生产有极大的负面影响,包括产奶量下降、繁殖性能降低、乳房炎等疾病发生率提高等。本试验在甘肃秦王川奶牛场选择30头荷斯坦奶牛,分为试验组和对照组,试验组在精料中添加中草药添加剂,对照组饲喂相同配方的草料,饲喂量相同,通过30d饲喂对比试验。结果表明:试验组奶牛日平均产奶量为23.42kg,对照组日平均产奶量为21.85kg,试验组比对照组日平均产奶量增加1.57kg,精料中添加中草药添加剂平均产奶量提高7.18%,差异极显著(P0.01)。     

酿酒酵母培养物奶酵益-X6对奶牛生产性能和健康状况的影响

为验证奶酵益X6对泌乳奶牛的使用效果；采用单因子配对试验设计方法，试验组奶牛日粮添加奶酵益X6,对照组未添加，每天测定采食量、产奶量，观察消化率及粪便评分；试验结束统计试验组平均采食量提升2.00 kg,平均泌乳单产提升2.05 kg,差异极显著。结果表明奶酵益X6对泌乳牛消化率、采食量、产奶量、抗应激均有明显改善作用。     

日粮添加复合中草药和氯化胆碱对娟姗奶牛产奶性能及血清HSP70的影响

为研究复合中草药和氯化胆碱对娟姗奶牛热应激作用的缓解效果,试验采用单因子随机分组设计。选取24头体质量、产奶日龄、产奶量相近和健康的娟姗奶牛,随机分成3组,每组重复8头。分别在基础日粮中添加中草药150 g/(头·d)和氯化胆碱20 g/(头·d),进行为期30 d的饲养试验。通过测定试验牛的产奶量、奶成分和血清HSP70等指标得出:添加复合中草药和氯化胆碱均有提高产奶量的作用,但是差异均不显著(P0.05)。其中添加复合中草药产奶量提高6.50%,添加氯化胆碱产奶量提高11.67%。添加中草药组和氯化胆碱均能提高牛奶乳脂率和非脂固形物,但各组间差异均不显著(P0.05)。复合中草药组牛群血清HSP70显著高于对照组(P0.05),氯化胆碱组牛群血清HSP70高于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05);且2试验组间差异不显著(P0.05)。复合中草药能明显提高血清中HSP70的含量,复合中草药具有明显的抗热应激效果,氯化胆碱也具有一定的抗热应激效果。     

大麦粉替代不同比例玉米对奶牛生产性能的影响

选取泌乳天数、体重、产奶量相近的荷斯坦高产泌乳牛340头,随机分为试验组和对照组两组,每组170头.试验时间共28d,对照组全期饲喂全混合配方日粮(TMR),试验组分四阶段进行,每阶段7d,分别饲喂以10％、20％、30％、40％粉碎大麦粉替代玉米的TMR.结果发现:随着大麦粉替代玉米比例的增加,试验组采食量呈现下降趋...     

Ensiling characteristics of total mixed ration prepared with local feed resources in Mozambique and their effects on nutrition value and milk production in Jersey dairy cattle

To effectively utilize total mixed ration (TMR) prepared with locally available feed resources, we studied the nutritional value and milk production in Jersey dairy cattle fed a local general diet (LGD) and fermented TMR in Mozambique. Ten head of Jersey dairy cattle with 337 ± 19.8 kg body weight, aged 3–4 years in mid location were used in this study. The LGD diet was designed following the general feeding method of local smallholding farms; it contained native grass, Napier grass, wheat bran, and mineral–vitamin mix. Fermented TMR was prepared using Napier grass, corn bran, wheat bran, formula feed, and mineral–vitamin mix. Fermented TMR was preserved as good quality, with a relatively low pH and high lactic acid content. Compared to LGD, fermented TMR significantly improved the dry matter intake and digestibility in dairy cattle. Milk yield was significantly higher in dairy cattle fed with TMR than in those fed with LGD, by 3.75 L/d; milk quality was not significantly different between treatments. The results confirmed that LGD had a low dry matter intake and milk yield, and fermented TMR prepared with local feed resources can attain good quality and improve milk yield in dairy cattle in Mozambique.     

Feed additives in whole milk fattening. Effect on production and health of fattening calves

In two fattening trials, each time 64 male calves of Simmental x Red Holstein cross breeds were used to investigate the influence of different commercial feed additives containing at the same time antimicrobial agents, minerals and vitamins on growth performance, feed intake, feed conversion and health condition. Calves whose milk diets were supplemented had, depending on products used, higher growth rates (9 to 28%) and better feed conversion rates (2 to 12%) compared to control calves which were fed only whole milk. This improved performance is primarily due to higher feed intakes. It is questionable how much the minerals and vitamins in addition to antimicrobial agents contributed to the improvement. The additional mineral supply caused after 8 weeks a statistically significant higher haemoglobin content, serum magnesium and glutathione peroxidase activity in erythrocytes compared to the exclusive whole milk feeding. Calves which were fed no additives refused feed intake more often as a result of disease incidence and required veterinary treatment more frequently.     

不同饲喂方式对南方奶牛产奶性能、养分消化和代谢的影响

研究了具有南方奶牛日粮类型特征的相同精粗比日粮的不同饲喂方式对奶牛的采食行为、产奶性能、全肠道养分表观消化率和血清代谢产物的影响。选用体重相近的12头荷斯坦奶牛,采用单因子设计,根据产奶量、胎次及泌乳天数随机分为2组（n=6）,分别为精粗分饲组（SI）和全混合日粮组（TMR）,精饲料：粗饲料均为50：50。试验结果表明：奶牛采食量无差异,在相同精粗比日粮下,TMR饲养技术极显著减少了奶牛的采食时间（P〈0.01）,显著增加了反刍时间（P〈0.05）,TMR组奶牛的乳脂率、4%标准奶产量、乳脂产量、乳糖产量和乳固形物产量分别比SI组显著提高11.20%、11.60%、17.50%、13.21%和9.86%（P〈0.05）,但对奶牛咀嚼行为、全肠道养分表观消化率和血清代谢产物影响不显著（P〉0.05）。在南方奶牛典型日粮采用TMR饲养技术时,与精粗分饲相比,可提高奶牛的产奶性能,但对奶牛的采食量、咀嚼行为、全肠道养分表观消化率和血清代谢产物没有显著影响。     

Effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes supplementation on milk production and nutrient utilization in Murrah buffaloes

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of commercial exogenous fibrolytic enzyme (EFE) mixture added at 1.5 and 3.0 g (cellulase 4,000 μM glucose/g/h + xylanase 7,990 μM xylose/g/min; 50:50 w/w) per kilogram of dry matter (DM) of feed on nutrient digestibility, milk production, milk composition, and some blood constituents in lactating Murrah buffaloes. Eighteen buffaloes were allotted to three dietary treatments, on the basis of milk yield (8.48, 8.52, and 8.53 kg/day) and days in lactation (68.5, 80.33, and 82.00) for 90 days. The buffaloes were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) comprising of 45% chaffed wheat straw, 15% chopped green maize, and 40% concentrate on DM basis (control group), the same TMR plus EFE at 1.5 g/kg DM (T-1 group) and the same TMR plus EFE at 3.0 g/kg DM (T-2 group) supplemented through the concentrate mixture. There was no effect of fortifying EFE mixture on DM intake and crude protein intake (grams per day) whereas total digestible nutrients intake (kilogram per day) was higher by (P < 0.05) 12.53% in T-1 group over that of control, and there was no significant difference between T-2 and control groups. The average daily milk yield and 4% fat-corrected milk (FCM) yield was higher (P < 0.05) by 12.99% and 15.17% in T-1 group as over that of control, and there was no difference between T-2 and control groups. There was no (P > 0.05) difference in blood glucose and blood urea nitrogen concentration in different experimental groups. It is concluded that supplementation of cellulase and xylanase mixture at 1.5 g/kg of DM of TMR containing wheat straw (45%), green maize (15%), and concentrate (40%) on DM basis significantly increased (P < 0.05) the average daily milk yield and FCM yield in Murrah buffaloes due to improved dietary fiber digestion.     

裹包TMR饲喂对泌乳中期奶牛生产性能、养分表观消化率及血液生化指标的影响

为了研究裹包全混合日粮(TMR)饲喂方式对泌乳奶牛生产性能、养分表观消化率和血液指标的影响,本试验选择24头泌乳天数为(124±20)d的荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为2个处理组,进行为期10周的饲养试验。对照组采用传统的精粗分开饲喂方式,试验组采用裹包TMR饲喂方式,精粗分开饲喂组和裹包TMR饲喂组的日粮配方组成和比例均相同,日粮精料比例为50∶50,裹包TMR水分含量调整为50%。结果表明,1)饲喂裹包TMR,可以显著增加干物质采食量(P<0.05),提高产奶量7.69%并提高3.5%标准乳产量5.20%(P>0.05);2)裹包TMR饲喂方式与精粗分开饲喂方式对乳成分含量和产量的影响差异不显著;3)裹包TMR饲喂可以显著提高粗蛋白和粗脂肪的表观消化率(P<0.05),干物质消化率有提高的趋势(P<0.1);4)裹包TMR饲喂显著降低了血清中尿素氮的含量(P<0.05),但对其他血液指标影响2组间差异不显著。裹包TMR技术可以作为一种有效的全混合日粮供给方式,可在我国中小规模奶牛养殖场和个体养殖户中推荐使用,以期提高奶牛生产性能和综合收益。     

日粮中不同马齿苋青贮添加量对奶山羊泌乳性能的影响

本试验旨在研究添加不同剂量马齿苋青贮对奶山羊泌乳性能的影响。选取体重（62±3）kg、1~2胎次、产奶量（1.90±0.15）kg/d、泌乳期相近（产后0~60 d）的健康奶山羊12只，随机分为4组，每组3个重复，每个重复1只羊。在奶山羊全混合日粮（TMR）中分别添加0（CK组）、10（A组）、20（B组）和30 g/d DM（C组）马齿苋青贮添加剂，试验期共75 d，其中预试期15 d，正试期60 d。试验期间测定每组奶山羊干物质采食量、产奶量、乳品质及血液生化指标。结果显示：随马齿苋青贮添加量的增加，奶山羊干物质采食量随之增加；添加马齿苋青贮的试验组奶山羊泌乳量均高于对照组；羊乳的pH呈弱碱性（7.10~7.24），并随马齿苋青贮添加量增加而降低，其中CK组最高，C组最低；羊乳中乳糖、总多酚（TPC）、总黄酮（TFC）和β胡萝卜素的含量均随着马齿苋青贮添加量增加而增多；血液中总胆固醇含量则相反。综上所述，日粮中添加马齿苋青贮对奶山羊无不良影响，可一定程度上提高奶山羊干物质采食量、泌乳量及乳品质，降低血液中总胆固醇含量。     

Influence of zeolite A supplementation during the dry period of dairy cows on feed intake, on the macro and trace element metabolism around calving and milk yield in the following lactation

The object of the present study was to determine the influence of zeolite A, a calcium binder from the group of the aluminosilicate, on feed intake, macro and trace element metabolism as well as the milk yield in the following lactation in dairy cows. 46 cows were allotted to 2 groups (A--control group and B--experimental group). They were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) ad libitum 2 weeks before calving. Additionally the cows in group B received 90 g zeolite A/kg dry matter (DM). The individually feed intake was registered daily. The serum was analysed for Ca, Mg, and Pi (inorganic phosphate), Fe, FFA (free fatty acid) and beta-HB (hydroxybutyrate) and the plasma for the trace elements Cu, Zn, and Mn. After calving the milk yield (FCM) and the milk composition (fat, protein, lactose and urea) were analysed. Feed intake of group B, amounting to 6.2 +/- 1.3 kg DM/d was around 48% lower as compared to 12.0 +/- 1.4 kg DM/d for group A. The zeolite addition into the TMR showed a stabilizing effect on the average Ca concentration in the serum around calving. This effect led to a significantly lower Mg concentration on the day of calving and 1 day post partum. The Pi concentration was significantly lower already after the 1st week of zeolite supplementation and on the day of calving as compared to group A. There was no essential effect of zeolite A on the trace element concentration. The depression of feed intake for group B led to a significant increase of FFA one week after beginning zeolite supplementation and of beta-HB around calving. The feed intake post partum as well as the milk yield were not affected by zeolite supplementation. Because decreased feed intake of group B after zeolite supplementation and the occurred hypophosphatemia, it is not acceptable to use zeolite A in the proved dose for preventing milk fever.     

不同方式处理的全株玉米青贮对奶牛生产性能和经济效益的影响

[目的]探究不同方式制备的全株玉米青贮饲喂奶牛后,对其生产性能和经济效益的影响。[方法]选定中国荷斯坦牛开展全株玉米青贮饲喂试验。将28头奶牛随机分为对照组和试验组,每组14头。前者饲喂不添加菌剂制备的全株玉米青贮,后者饲喂添加青贮菌剂制备的全株玉米青贮。统计各组奶牛日均干物质采食量、日均产奶量、料重比、乳脂率和乳蛋白率,计算各组奶牛日均经济效益和试验期总经济效益。[结果]采用添加青贮菌剂制备的全株玉米青贮饲喂奶牛后,奶牛日均干物质采食量和料奶比与对照组差异不显著,但日均产奶量、平均乳脂率和乳蛋白率显著提高（P<0.05）。每头牛日均产奶量增加1.91 kg,乳脂率增加0.22个百分点,乳蛋白率增加0.06个百分点。试验组经济效益明显提高,每头牛日均经济效益增加4.73元,正试期内总经济效益增加1 986.60元。[结论]采用添加青贮菌剂的全株玉米青贮饲喂奶牛,能有效提高奶牛的生产性能和经济效益。     

沼泽红假单胞菌与地衣芽胞杆菌对奶牛生产性能的影响

沼泽红假单胞菌和地衣芽胞杆菌可调节动物消化系统的微生态环境,为宿主提供优质的营养物质及多种利于消化功能的生物活性酶。以泌乳末期荷斯坦奶牛为实验动物,探究沼泽红假单胞菌和地衣芽胞杆菌对奶牛采食量、产奶量和发病情况等生产性能指标的影响。结果表明:在奶牛全混合日粮(TMR)中添加沼泽红假单胞菌和地衣芽胞杆菌可以显著提升奶牛生产性能,日采食量下降8.05%,日产奶量显著提高5.42%(P<0.05),饲料转化率提高14.70%,同时,奶牛消化水平和健康状况也得到明显改善。