Seroevidence for H5N1 influenza infections in humans: meta-analysis

The prevalence of avian H5N1 influenza A infections in humans has not been definitively determined. Cases of H5N1 infection in humans confirmed by the World Health Organization (WHO) are fewer than 600 in number, with an overall case fatality rate of >50%. We hypothesize that the stringent criteria for confirmation of a human case of H5N1 by WHO do not account for a majority of infections but rather the select few hospitalized cases that are more likely to be severe and result in poor clinical outcome. Meta-analysis shows that 1 to 2% of more than 12,500 study participants from 20 studies had seroevidence for prior H5N1 infection.     

Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus infection in migratory birds

H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) has emerged as a pathogenic entity for a variety of species, including humans, in recent years. Here we report an outbreak among migratory birds on Lake Qinghaihu, China, in May and June 2005, in which more than a thousand birds were affected. Pancreatic necrosis and abnormal neurological symptoms were the major clinical features. Sequencing of the complete genomes of four H5N1 AIV strains revealed them to be reassortants related to a peregrine falcon isolate from Hong Kong and to have known highly pathogenic characteristics. Experimental animal infections reproduced typical highly pathogenic AIV infection symptoms and pathology.     

H5N1禽流感网络信息资源的分布

统计了刊载H5N1型禽流感信息的网页和网站,根据布拉德福定律确定出核心网站,并对网站类型及域名进行分析,为H5N1禽流感方面研究人员提供网络信息。     

H5N1亚型禽流感病毒对鸡的致病性研究进展

对鸡感染H5N1亚型禽流感病毒（AIV）后的临床表现、大体病变、病理组织学、生理生化指标、细胞免疫功能、病毒的组织分布和细胞凋亡的研究进展进行概述,探讨了该病毒对鸡高致病性的分子基础．     

H5N1亚型禽流感油佐剂疫苗安全性试验研究

通过对H5N1亚型禽流感油佐剂疫苗的急性毒性试验、眼结膜刺激试验、肌肉刺激试验与溶血试验研究,评价其安全性。急性毒性试验：取AA+肉鸡70只,随机分成7组,设为高剂量疫苗组与佐剂组,中剂量疫苗组与佐剂组,低剂量疫苗组与佐剂组,空白对照组。眼结膜刺激试验：取兔12只,随机分成2组,为疫苗组和佐剂组,采用自身对照法,观察兔...     

猪对禽用禽流感H5N1基因重组灭活疫苗免疫应答

为评估猪对禽流感疫苗的敏感性、安全性和免疫效果,将63日龄育肥肉猪分为4组,按不同剂量进行禽流感H5N1亚型疫苗的免疫试验,其中第1、3组于首免后第21天按同样剂量进行二免。结果表明:试验猪首免后第10天能检出特异性禽流感抗体,随后抗体转阳率和抗体效价持续上升。二免试验组免疫反应优于一免试验组,而以第1组免疫效果最好。同时,采用荧光RT-PCR技术对试验猪的鼻拭样品进行H5亚型禽流感病毒的检测,结果均为阴性,表明目前使用的禽流感H5N1疫苗不会造成猪体带毒,使用安全。     

Airborne transmission of influenza A/H5N1 virus between ferrets

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 virus can cause morbidity and mortality in humans but thus far has not acquired the ability to be transmitted by aerosol or respiratory droplet ("airborne transmission") between humans. To address the concern that the virus could acquire this ability under natural conditions, we genetically modified A/H5N1 virus by site-directed mutagenesis and subsequent serial passage in ferrets. The genetically modified A/H5N1 virus acquired mutations during passage in ferrets, ultimately becoming airborne transmissible in ferrets. None of the recipient ferrets died after airborne infection with the mutant A/H5N1 viruses. Four amino acid substitutions in the host receptor-binding protein hemagglutinin, and one in the polymerase complex protein basic polymerase 2, were consistently present in airborne-transmitted viruses. The transmissible viruses were sensitive to the antiviral drug oseltamivir and reacted well with antisera raised against H5 influenza vaccine strains. Thus, avian A/H5N1 influenza viruses can acquire the capacity for airborne transmission between mammals without recombination in an intermediate host and therefore constitute a risk for human pandemic influenza.