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ZHU Jiao-jun TAN Hui KANG Hong-zhang XU Mei-ling 《林业研究》2006,17(3):177-184
In order to examine the causes of degradation of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations on sandy land, the foliar concentrations of N, P, K and C were analyzed and compared between the field grown P. sylvestris var. mongolica trees from two provenances (natural forests and plantations). The results indicated that natural tree needles had lower N, P and C concentrations, and higher K concentrations than those of plantation tree needles. For plantation tree needles, ratios of N: P, P. K and N: K increased with tree age before 45 years old; but they were not clear for the natural tree needles. Compared with the conclusions reported on Pinus spp., we found that the foliar N and P concentrations were in the optimal range for both natural and plantation tree needles. This result suggested that N or P might not be the absolute limit factors in plant nutrient for P sylvestris var. mongolica on sandy land. However, foliar K concentrations in both natural and plantation tree needles were much lower than those reported on Pinus spp. (〉4.80 g kg-1).The N: P ratio of natural needles was in the adequate ranges, but N: P ratio of plantation needles was out of the adequate ranges. These results indicated that there was a better balanced nutrition status in the natural forest than in the plantations. If only considering the foliar nutrient concentrations of P sylvestris var. mongolica from different provenances, it might be concluded that the degradation phenomenon of P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantations was not induced by nutrition deficiency of absolute nutrients of N and P, but might be induced by other mineral nutrients or by the effectiveness of N and P nutrients. The unbalanced nutrition status and relatively quick decomposition of needles in the plantations might also contribute to the degradation. 相似文献
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沙地樟子松天然林种子库特征研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
本文研究结果表明,樟子松天然林土壤种子库种子数量随着距树干距离(2-6 m)的增加有增加的趋势,但距树干8 m以后则降低,在距树干2-10 m范围内东侧、东南存在种子的概率占80%,西侧和北侧范围存在种子的概率为60%;樟子松天然落种数量更偏向于南侧,东侧和北侧落种数量偏少,并在树冠外围8-20m收集到的自然落种数量相对稳定;樟子松自然落种方位不同,种子发芽率也不同。距离树干4 m范围,种子发芽率平均值为71.5%;距离树干8-20 m,收集的种子发芽率依次为44.1%、70.8%、46.9%和36.1%;樟子松天然林土壤种子库内种子发芽率为58.2%,比当年自然落种平均发芽率降低17.6%。 相似文献
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在建立沙地樟子松人工植被时,应该充分利用沙地的有利条件,采取必要的措施克服沙地中存在的不利环境条件。应采用容器苗造林;选择最佳造林地;确定合适的人工植被类型;重视影响生长的主要因子。在樟子松造林初期的2~4年内,影响樟子松成活和生长的主要因子,首先是风沙流动强度,其次才是水分状况;在造林2~4年以后,环境中的水分状况成为影响樟子松生长的主要因子。 相似文献
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章古台沙地樟子松人工林更新改造,宜在以围封为主的植被自然恢复体系基础上,再人工更新改造成稳定的针阔、乔灌、异龄、复层混交林等多种模式或集成.多年实践认为:在樟子松衰退病块状间伐林地上,构建以樟子松为主的疏林灌草混交林;在生长健康的樟子松人工林内,要增加阔叶、经济树种,构建以樟子松为主的生态经济型混交林,提高林地的综合生产能力;在樟子松大面积皆伐迹地上,恢复与构建沙地第二代樟子松混交林. 相似文献
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该文以林龄为32 a的樟子松林作为研究对象,研究了沙地樟子松人工林林内K、P、Mg、Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn等矿质元素2010-2011年通过降雨输入、地表径流输出以及积累、留存、淋溶、归还、吸收等循环过程。结果表明:沙地樟子松林林分矿质元素的收入大于支出,呈盈余状态。但林分的生产力却比较低,生物生产量仅为2.604 t·hm-2·a-1,原因可能是樟子松林对矿质元素的利用率较低。同时林分的归还量少,林分矿质元素循环效率低。建议采取人工措施调控樟子松林,建立良性循环的生态系统。 相似文献
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综合分析了彰武北部地区近50年生樟子松人工林在不同立地类型、不同土壤深度以及人工林不同经营阶段、不同初植密度的土壤含水率及地下水位的变化情况,并提出了合理的初植及经营密度。 相似文献
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樟子松是沙地主要针叶造林树种,沙地樟子松林天然分布于内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市红花尔基;红花尔基地区的气候特点为高纬度、低海拔、寒冷半湿润、短无霜期。沙地樟子松于20 世纪50 年代在科尔沁沙地引种成功,但一直不能天然更新,并于 20 世纪 90 年代初出现了生长衰退、枯梢直至死亡的现象,而天然沙地樟子松林无论在更新还是生长上却一直处于健康状态。为了认识天然沙地樟子松林天然林的更新特征,于 2004 年 7-8 月对红花尔基天然沙地樟子松林的20 块样地、3 种林窗(2 圆形、5 窄长方形、3 宽长方形)樟子松天然更新指数进行了调查。结果表明,林龄大的林分(大于 50 年)总平均更新指数高于林龄小的林分(小于 50 年),最大更新指数达29株m-2。更新的苗龄绝大多数小于10年生。回归分析表明,林龄是决定天然更新的主要因子;虽然樟子松是阳性树种,但林冠的郁闭度似乎对天然更新没有直接影响。林窗更新调查结果表明,林窗内更新指数都较高;对于圆形林窗更新高峰出现在林窗南缘和东缘,而对于窄长方形林窗,更新高峰则出现于东缘;而且更新苗龄相对较大(最大达 38 年)。上述结果表明樟子松更新苗具有一定的耐阴性,但如果没有较大林窗或较大的其它干扰,如火、风雪害或皆伐等,更新苗木将很难进行入主林冠层。 相似文献
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ZHU Jiao-jun KANG Hong-zhang TAN Hui XU Mei-ling WANG Jun 《林业研究》2005,16(4):253-259
Natural regeneration in Mongolian pine, Pinus sylvesttis var. mongolica, forest at Honghuaerji of China (the original of the natural Mongolian pine, forest on sandy land) was studied in 2004. The total mean values of regeneration indexes were higher in mature stands (more than 80% individual stems were older than 50 years), the maximum of regeneration index reached 29 seedlings, m^ 2, with lowest values in the younger stand, e.g., in 32-year old and 43-year old stands. The stand age was an important factor determining the natural regeneration, which was the best in the older stands in this investigation (e.g. about 80-year old). The regeneration index seemed not to be closely in relation to canopy openness although Mongolian pine is a photophilic tree species. In each type of gaps, natural regeneration was very well. Regeneration indexes were satisfactory at the south and east edges in the circle gaps; and at the east edge of the narrow-square gaps. Results indicated that Mongolian pine, seedlings could endure shading understory, but it would not enter the canopy layer without gap or large disturbance, e.g., fire, wind/snow damage or clear cutting etc. These results may provide potentially references to the management and afforestation of Mongolian pine, plantations on sandy land in arid and semi-arid areas. Researches such as the comprehensive comparisons on regeneration, structure and ecological conditions and so on between natural Mongolian pine, forests and plantations should be conducted in the future. 相似文献
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不同起源沙地樟子松林结构与生长比较研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
樟子松已成为三北沙区防护林主要乔木造林树种,但是,最早于20世纪50年代在科尔沁沙地引种的沙地樟子松却出现了生长衰退、枯梢直至死亡的现象,而天然状态的樟子松在该阶段却正处于旺盛生长期。为了比较沙地人工樟子松林与天然林的林分结构、生长特点及所处立地的生态因子的异同,对辽宁省彰武县章古台(最早引种沙地樟子松区)和内蒙古自治区红花尔基(天然樟子松分布区)的樟子松林进行了综合调查。结果表明,Weibull分布函数可较好地模拟人工林树木直径分布,正态分布函数可用于模拟天然林树木直径分布。基于树干解析的树木生长模型(Chapman-Richards)分析,人工林胸径、树高与材积的相对生长率与平均生长率的最大值比天然林分别提早11、22年,6、18年和35、59年。人工林材积的生长加速度高峰值出现在14年,而天然林则出现在33年;人工林的数量成熟龄为43年,天然林为102年;因此,可以推断天然林的寿命比人工林要长近60年。这一结果可以归纳为以下综合作用:1)两种起源地生态因子的巨大的差异,主要包括:人工林区的纬度、平均气温、降水量、蒸发量、海拨高度等较天然林区高;2)人工林的林分密度较天然林大;3)人工林区的干扰强度较天然林强。图4表6参23。 相似文献
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