农业可持续性评价指标体系的现状分析与构建

 在分析农业可持续性评价指标体系研究现状的基础上，对国内外研究的不同特点进行了比较。指出国内的研究方法与国际不接轨，尚缺乏严谨的科学方法。总结分析了已有的指标体系在指标的选择、计算等方面的经验教训和对生产实践的启示。最后提出了一种新形势下的农业可持续性评价指标体系以及相应的计算和评价方法。考虑到以人为本的发展观，在其中设计了农民发展指数指标；为了反映指标数值变化对可持续性影响的不同重要程度，提出了动态权重的计算方法；同时对指标的综合方法也进行了探讨。     

基于多级模糊综合评价法的内河运输可持续发展能力评价研究

内河运输可持续系统是一个新而复杂的概念,对其评价研究具有重要的理论意义和现实意义;通过回顾国内外在运输与内河运输生态可持续性方面的相关研究,应用多级模糊综合评价法进行了综合评价。结果表明:在评价过程中,应用模糊综合评价法,能将各种因素综合进行考虑,降低了加权平均评价主观臆断的程度,评价结果较传统的二元值评价准确、科学,同时,计算方法简单,易操作,便于在实际工作中应用,保证了评价工作的适用性和可操作性。     

基于模糊理论的中国东北样带生态可持续性综合评价模型研究(英文)

参照压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型、驱动力-状态-响应(DSR)模型等可持续发展评价理论与方法,提出了压力-状态-恢复力概念模型,运用"自上而下"和"自下而上"相结合的方法进行评价指标的筛选,构建中国东北样带不同类型区生态可持续性定量评价指标体系。然后,引入了"隶属函数"的概念来描述指标差异的中间过渡,利用层次分析(AHP)与信息熵相结合的方法确定各级指标的权重,建立NECT不同类型区生态可持续性模糊综合评价模型。     

CONSTRUCTION OF AN INDEX SYSTEM FOR SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT IN SMALLHOLDER FARMING SYSTEMS

● A five-step process for quantifying smallholder farming system sustainability is proposed. ● Definition of system boundary, functional unit, and indicators depends on research issues. ● Weighting, conversion, and aggregation methods tightly relates to the validity of assessment results. Smallholder farming systems are important for global food security, but these faces multiple environmental challenges hindering sustainable development. Although sustainable smallholder agriculture issues have been widely discussed and addressed by scientists globally, harmonized approaches in evaluating sustainability are still lacking. This paper proposes a five-step process for constructing a sustainability assessment method for smallholder farming systems, namely definition of system boundary, indicator selection, indicator weighting, indicator conversion, and indicator aggregation. The paper summarizes the state-of-art progresses in agricultural sustainability assessment at different stages, and systematically discussed the benefits and limitations of weighting and aggregation methods. Overall, this evaluation process should be useful by providing rational and comprehensive results for quantifying the sustainability of smallholder farming systems, and will contribute to practice by providing decision-makers with directions for improving sustainable strategies.     

基于综合评分法的烟叶生产基础设施后评价

烟叶生产基础设施建设事关烟叶产业的发展,具有重要意义,但目前对于该类基础设施建设的后评价工作较少。针对目前烟叶生产基础设施的建设特点,从过程、经济、影响和可持续4个方面出发,利用因素比重法量化定性指标,对于经济指标进行数值计算,最终建立了一套基于综合评分法的评价体系,并应用于郴州市宜章县的烟叶基础设施建设工程,对宜章县建设工作情况进行总结和分析。     

社区水平森林可持续经营的社会目标评价

社会可持续评价是森林可持续经营评价的重要组成部分。以临安示范林为研究对象,选取浙江省临安市分属于3个典型片(乡)的9个村,采用野外调查和参与式方法相结合的途径,制定了社区水平(以农户为经营主体林区)森林可持续经营社会目标的标准与指标,包含3个标准及11个指标,并根据标准和指标对森林经营进行调查和量化。结果表明,1999年和2004年,昌化、高虹和临目等3个地点森林经营的社会可持续性分数分别为6.00,6.05;5.77,5.46;5.79,5.94,与1999年相比,2004年3个点分别增长了0.83%,-5.37%和2.59%。表3参10     

农业开发项目环境影响评价指标体系的理论探讨

以经济-环境持续协调发展为基础,结合农业自身的特点探讨农业开发项目环境影响评价指标体系的特性、建立原则、指标体系的构成及建立指标体系的目的意义,本文以四类指标体系从效益、生态、环境和生物结构方面综合反映农业对环境影响,系统介绍了农业开发项目环境影响评价指标体系的构成,并展望了其研究发展方向。     

模糊综合评判法在学术型硕士学位论文质量评价中的应用

高校评判学术型硕士学位论文质量的标准不尽相同.如何制定科学而合理的硕士学位论文评判标准始终是高校管理者、硕士生导师和硕士研究生们热切关注的话题.该文主要对反映学术型硕士学位论文质量的5个指标,即论文选题、论文创新、论文写作、论文成果及论文评阅和答辩进行综合考量.基于模糊综合评判模型提出了判定学术型硕士学位论文质量的模糊综合评价方法,以此建立高校学术型硕士学位论文质量可量化的评价机制,可以有效克服学位论文质量评价中广泛存在的受主观和人为因素干扰的弊病.该文的结果可为高校进行学术型硕士学位论文质量评价提供参考,对提升学术型硕士学位论文的质量具有重要意义,且评价方法可借助于软件实现,有利于加强学术型硕士学位论文质量评价系统化和程序化管理.     

福建省泉州市农业水资源可持续利用评价研究

在分析福建省泉州市农业水资源利用现状的基础上,构建农业水资源可持续利用现状评价指标体系,评价泉州市农业水资源可持续利用区域分异规律及其主导指标,并制定相应对策。     

Discussion on the Definition and Screening Method of Characteristic Quality Indicators of Edible Agricultural Products

Under the new situation of the development of edible agricultural products closely linked with high quality and nutrition, a series of new words emerged, among which the “characteristic quality indicators of edible agricultural products” occupied a prominent position. The clarification of the characteristic quality indicators of edible agricultural products has a leading significance for the scientific and effective evaluation of the quality of edible agricultural products. This paper discussed the definition of characteristic quality indicators of edible agricultural products, and preliminarily provided some suggestions on the screening methods of characteristic quality indicators of edible agricultural products from the aspects of object determination, consumer investigation, literature investigation, literature information extraction, sampling index verification, specification index, and health index consideration as well as process correction. The purpose of this paper was to attract the attention of relevant functional departments, industrial groups and scientific researchers, to make the definition and screening methods of characteristic quality indicators of edible agricultural products accurate and practical, to promote the establishment of quality evaluation system of edible agricultural products, to evaluate the quality of edible agricultural products scientifically and effectively, and truly to serve the development of edible agricultural products industry.     

食用农产品特征性品质指标筛选方法探讨

在食用农产品与优质、营养紧密挂钩发展的新形势下,涌现了一系列新词汇,“食用农产品特征性品质指标”占据突出地位。食用农产品特征性品质指标的确定对于科学有效的评价食用农产品品质具有指导意义。本文探讨了食用农产品特征性品质指标的定义,并初步从对象确定、消费者调研、文献调研、文献信息提炼、采样指标验证、规格指标和安全指标考虑以及过程纠偏等环节对食用农产品特征性品质指标筛选方法提出了建议。文章旨在引起相关职能部门、产业群体及科研人员的重视,将食用农产品特征性品质指标定义及筛选方法做准、做实,推进食用农产品品质评价体系建立,科学有效评价食用农产品品质,真正服务于食用农产品产业发展。     

基于K-means和PLS-DA的期刊评价关键指标研究

[目的/意义]期刊的评价指标和评价方法众多,研究期刊评价的指标重要性有重要意义。[方法/过程]本文将期刊评价指标分为“事前”重要性与“事后”重要性,并重点研究“事后”重要性即客观聚类分析后的关键指标确定。以JCR2019年经济学期刊的文献计量指标为研究对象,运用K-means聚类得到评价结果分类,然后基于主成分分析、偏最小二乘法判别分析计算期刊评价的关键指标。[结果/结论]使用多因素评价能够综合反映各变量的共同影响,使用“降维”思想能够较好保留原始变量的信息,降低多重共线性;PLS-DA方法得出影响期刊评价结果的最重要3个指标是期刊影响因子、他引影响因子和五年影响因子,并且在指标含义上是互补的;期刊影响因子、他引影响因子和五年影响因子的重要性相差不大,且期刊影响因子的重要性相对更大;PLS-DA对一般期刊判别效果很好,较好期刊判别效果一般,无法对A类期刊进行有效判别。     

Sustainability assessment of potato fields using the DEXi decision support system in Hamadan Province,Iran

Potato is a staple food crop and the most important agricultural commodity, which critically affects food security and economic stability in Hamadan Province, Iran. Ex-ante sustainability appraisal of new cropping systems and their comparisons with conventional systems can increase the efficiencies of innovations and changes within the production process. This study aimed to explore the sustainability levels of potato cropping systems in Hamadan Province, Iran. To this end, DEXi methodology was developed for the sustainability assessment of the cropping systems. For assessing the three dimensions of environmental, economic, and social sustainability in the four systems of traditional potato system (TPS), Quasi-industrial potato system (QIPS), industrial potato system (IPS), and government-promoted potato system (GPPS), five groups of features were utilized: (1) irrigation method; (2) seed placement; (3) farm machinery use; (4) agrochemical use; and (5) rotation. The impact assessments of the cropping systems were based on two, three, and two groups of ecological, social, and economic indicators, respectively. Employment, supply chain, protection, operational difficulty, productivity, profitability, input use, and biodiversity resulted in 21 basic indicators and 13 aggregated indicators, by which the cropping systems were described. The results revealed that GPPS with distinctive economic and social profiles could have a better overall sustainability despite the fact that some indicators like biodiversity could be negatively affected. Finally, three strategies were recommended for the sustainability of GPPS as follows: biodiversity enhancement, input substitution, and integrated water management.     

非营利性科研机构绩效考评体系探讨

绩效考评是加强非营利性科研机构管理的必要手段。文章提出了非营利性科研机构绩效考评的指标由定性指标、定量指标和奖惩指标构成,对指标的权重、评分细则、计算方法和评价方法进行了探讨,并以中国热带农业科学院下属5个非营利性科研机构为例,采用模糊数学综合评价法进行了模拟考评,运用数字归一处理法对评价结果进行了处理,通过对考评结果的分析,证实了文章所构建的绩效考评体系具有科学性和准确性。     

基于云模型的节能项目综合评价方法

节能项目评价是节能工作的重要内容。通过分析总结影响节能项目的因素,应用云理论中的云综合评判法对这些因素做出评价,得出的节能项目水平评价结果以云模型结果呈现,能够分析节能项目的薄弱环节,进一步指导节能项目建设。介绍了节能项目及其评价指标、云模型的数字特征和综合云的算法。通过建立二级指标的综合云模型、评语集的云模型等,将节能项目水平的评价结果以概率分布的形式给出。经实例证实,该模型的评价结果直观、可靠,对节能项目评价具有重要的指导意义。     

油菜生产可持续发展评价——以湖南省衡阳市为例

以湖南省衡阳市油菜生产为例,建立了包括自然环境、技术规模和社会经济3个一级指标和12个二级指标农业可持续发展水平的评价指标体系,运用层次分析法确定各一级子系统和二级指标项目的权重,对衡阳市油菜生产综合发展指数和各子系统可持续发展水平进行定量评价。结果表明,2007～2011年,衡阳市油菜生产可持续发展水平处于逐渐上升的状态,其中,技术规模子系统拉动作用最明显,但是社会经济子系统持续发展能力较低,制约了衡阳油菜生产的进一步优化升级。     

水力马力能耗指标在管道能耗分析中的应用

在剖析国外管道公司采用的输油管道单位水力马力能耗费用指标的基础上,引入了两个新的油气长输管道能耗评价指标,即单位有用功耗能和单位周转量消耗有用功,并给出了相应的计算方法。采用新指标能够方便地分析生产单耗变化的原因,为进一步节能挖潜指明方向。将新指标与国内原有的管道能耗指标及一些辅助指标相结合,可以较全面地评价油气长输管道的能耗状况。应用该指标对涩宁兰输气管道进行能耗分析,验证了该新指标的合理性和适用性。结果表明:生产单耗较高的原因主要是管存较低,单位周转量消耗有用功较高;单位有用功耗能较低的原因是管存低,节流损失的能量较小,使得能源利用率指标较高。     

Moving beyond the numbers: a participatory evaluation of sustainability in Dutch agriculture

Environmental pollution, animal diseases, and food scandals have marked the agricultural sector in the Netherlands and elsewhere in the 1990s. The sector was high on the political and societal agenda and plans were developed to redesign the sector into a more sustainable direction. Generally, monitoring of the agricultural sector is done by means of quantitative indicators to measure social, ecological, and economic performance. To give more attention to the normative character of sustainable development, the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature, and Food Quality requested for a participatory approach to evaluate Dutch agriculture, which was characterized by stakeholder workshops, dialogue, and learning. This article describes and reflects on this approach, using the Fourth Generation Evaluation framework developed by Guba and Lincoln (Fourth generation evaluation, 1989). Although there are several improvements to be made, the evaluation approach was successful in the way that it gave insight into perceptions, visions, and ambitions of agricultural stakeholders with regard to sustainability. It also encouraged learning about ways to make the agricultural sector more sustainable. And it contributed to the development of a monitoring approach that is complementary to the quantitative, indicator-based, evaluation approach that is generally used and that can be used every few years to see how perceptions and ambitions of stakeholders have developed.     

Sustainability and peasant farming systems: Observations from Zimbabwe

Many authors suggest the need to define ‘sustainable development’in operational terms. This paper looks at the problems ofattempting to ask whether peasant farming systems are sustainable.Any attempt at sustainability assessment needs to consider issuesrelated to the selected indicators or performance criteria, spatialscale or boundaries, and temporal scale. While there is certainlya need for more rigorous analysis of sustainability issues, thereis limited outlook for an approach based on indicators. Even if themany purely technical problems associated with specific indicatorscan be surmounted, will accurate bio-physical data advance ourknowledge about sustainability? Peasant systems arepolitically-guided management systems, whose boundaries are the state,not the field or the farm. Given the dynamic nature of peasant farmingsystems, where do we draw the line in assessing sustainability?Attempts at sustainability assessment 100 years ago or even 20–30years ago would have been completely superseded by events. We drawattention to the system as a whole, to a web of interconnections,causes and effects – of varying significance over both time andspace.     

基于模糊层次分析法的科技企业孵化器评价体系研究

基于从综合服务能力、可持续发展能力、基础服务条件和孵化效益四个方面，构建科技业孵化器评价指标体系，运用模糊层次分析法确定各指标的权重。实证结果表明：科技项目申报资助额、经营服务管理水平、高素质员工比例和科技创新基金年平均投入量是衡量科技企业孵化器运营绩效的重要指标。