利用植物生长调节剂促控早熟禾、高羊茅生长速度的研究

利用植物生长调节剂对早熟禾、高羊茅的生长速度进行促控研究表明:返青初期,叶面喷施30～42.5mg/L赤霉素,每公顷750kg药液,可以促进生长,提早返青;叶面喷施300～600mg/L多效唑或200～400mg/kg烯效唑,每公顷750kg药液,可以控制生长,从而减少刈剪次数,喷施1次,药效可持续3个月。     

EDTA-Fe对高羊茅草坪的效果

对高羊茅(Festucaarundinacea)为主的混播草坪喷施EDTA Fe,施用量分别是叶面喷施0.6L/m2、0.8L/m2、1.0L/m2、1.2L/m2,结果表明:喷施EDTA Fe可以改善草坪绿色度,增加草坪草叶片叶绿素的含量,并且能加快春季返青速度,不同的EDTA Fe喷施用量其作用效果差异显著。     

多效唑对高羊茅草坪草生长特性的影响

采用了不同浓度的多效唑（0．8、1．0、1．3mg/g)对高羊茅草坪进行叶面喷施，以研究多效唑对高羊茅生长特性的影响。结果表明：3种不同浓度的多效唑处理均表现出显著抑制高羊茅草坪草地上部分的伸长生长的效果，1．3mg/g的多效唑处理使高羊茅生长速度和修剪量明显降低1．0mg/g的多效唑使高羊茅草坪草的密度显著增加，明显促进高羊茅的分蘖，却使高羊茅叶绿素含量明显降低。     

烯效唑对高羊茅生长的影响

烯效唑是一种活性很强的植物生长延缓剂,试验用不同浓度的烯效唑水溶液,分别间隔不同时间对高羊茅Festuca elala进行喷施,结果表明,各种组合对高羊茅都有矮化的效果:叶片变短变宽,增厚,叶色变的暗绿,其中浓度为100 mg/L、间隔时间为5 d和浓度为150 mg/L、间隔时间为7 d时,矮化效果最好.     

三种外源激素诱导对高羊茅种子萌发的影响

为了解外源激素对高羊茅种子萌发的影响,试验以多年生冷季型草坪草高羊茅(技巧2号、盆景3000)为植物材料,用不同浓度的水杨酸(SA)、赤霉素(GA)和脱落酸(ABA)进行处理,分别研究不同浓度外源激素诱导对高羊茅种子萌发的影响。结果表明:最适合高羊茅萌发的外源激素为0.5 mmol/L SA、300 mg/L GA,可以在一定程度上促进高羊茅种子的萌发;而ABA诱导后对高羊茅的萌发有一定的抑制作用。     

外源硫化氢对不同弱光下高羊茅形态和生理指标的影响

本研究以冷季型草坪草高羊茅‘Arid3’（Festuca arundinacea Schreb.‘Arid3’）为研究材料,采用室内模拟弱光胁迫,研究喷施外源硫化氢（H₂S）供体硫氢化钠对不同光照强度（100,75,50和25 μmol·m^-2·s^-1）处理下高羊茅形态指标、光合色素、细胞膜透性和内源激素的影响,旨在为耐荫草坪草分子育种提供理论基础。研究结果显示：随着光照强度的降低,高羊茅形态指标和生理指标都不同程度的降低,而喷施外源H₂S供体能够显著提高光合色素含量,降低相对电导率和丙二醛含量（P<0.05）,且在光照强度为50 μmol·m^-2·s^-1和75 μmol·m^-2·s^-1时效果较为显著。同时,喷施外源H₂S供体能够促进适度弱光下高羊茅内源脱落酸（Abscisic acid,ABA）、赤霉素（Gibberellin,GA）和硫化氢含量的增加（P<0.05）。综上,适度的弱光下,外源H₂S通过提高高羊茅内源激素含量,保护细胞膜完整性,增加光合色素含量,提高高羊茅的耐荫性。     

多效唑对高羊茅草坪草生长特性的影响

采用了不同浓度的多效唑(0．8、1．0、1．3mg／g)对高羊茅草坪进行叶面喷施，以研究多效唑对高羊茅生长特性的影响。结果表明：3种不同浓度的多效唑处理均表现出显著抑制高羊茅草坪草地上部分的伸长生长的效果，1．3mg／g的多效唑处理使高羊茅生长速度和修剪量明显降低，1．0mg／g的多效唑使高羊茅草坪草的密度显著增加，明显促进高羊茅的分蘖，却使高羊茅叶绿素含量明显降低。     

SiNPs纳米材料对草莓生长和高温逆境的作用

为了探究SiNPs纳米材料对草莓生长和高温逆境的影响,本试验以‘宁玉’草莓为试材,叶面喷施不同浓度（20 mg/L、100 mg/L）SiNPs后(清水为对照)分别在常温（昼夜温度25 ℃/20 ℃）、高温（昼夜温度35 ℃/30 ℃）下生长,检测各处理农艺性状、光合特性、生理生化指标。结果表明,20 mg/L SiNPs提高了草莓叶片数目和光合特性,增加可溶性糖的含量;高温下提高了POD和CAT的活性,降低MDA的含量。高温来临前叶面喷施20 mg/L SiNPs可缓解高温对草莓造成的危害,提高草莓植株抗热性。     

三种生长调节剂对高羊茅生长特性及赤霉素含量的影响

通过盆栽方法测定植物生长调节剂对高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)草坪草株高、叶宽、叶绿素含量及赤霉素含量的影响.施用多效唑、矮必施和乙烯利3种生长调节剂,各设3个浓度梯度,分别为多效唑150 mg/L、200 mg/L、250 mg/L,乙烯利1000 mg/L1、200 mg/L、1400 mg/L,矮必施200 mg/L2、50 mg/L3、00 mg/L.结果表明:施用多效唑、矮必施和乙烯利降低了草坪高度,其中以250 mg/L多效唑、1200 mg/L乙烯利和300 mg/L矮必施效果最好;3种植物生长调节剂均能对高羊茅叶片的宽度产生影响,多效唑和矮必施促使叶片变窄,而乙烯利初期使叶片变宽,后期变宽效果消失;多效唑和乙烯利都不会对高羊茅草坪的颜色产生影响,矮必施在施药后前2个星期使叶色变深,第3星期后影响逐渐消失;多效唑、乙烯利和矮必施均能促使高羊茅体内赤霉素的含量降低,降低幅度达到30.6%~64.0%.综合考虑,高羊茅草坪施用250 mg/L浓度的多效唑时效果最好.     

信号分子H2O2调节抗氧化系统提高高羊茅耐热性研究

采用盆栽试验,利用10 mmol/L的H₂O₂对冷季型草坪草高羊茅进行叶面喷施处理,研究外源低浓度H₂O₂对高羊茅叶片中抗氧化系统的调控作用及其对高羊茅抗热性的影响。结果表明,H₂O₂可能作为信号分子预先增加抗氧化酶的活性,改变抗氧化剂的浓度,从而减轻随后发生的热胁迫对草坪草造成的氧化伤害;在胁迫过程中POD和CAT活性在H₂O₂预处理后增加不显著,热胁迫本身增加了POD的活性,但是降低了CAT活性,POD对于提高高羊茅的耐热性可能具有更重要的作用;外源H₂O₂显著影响了高羊茅叶片中的AsA-GSH循环,其中处理植株中的APX、GPX和GR的活性在热胁迫过程中增加20%～110%,GSH/GSSG下降了80%,与高羊茅抗热性的提高密切相关。可见信号分子H₂O₂可以通过调控高羊茅的抗氧化系统提高其抗热性。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.