葡萄糖氧化酶对肉鸡肠道形态结构和消化酶活性的影响

试验旨在研究葡萄糖氧化酶对肉鸡肠道形态结构和消化酶活性的影响,采用单因素方差试验设计,选用300只1日龄罗斯308肉鸡,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。在玉米-豆粕型日粮基础上分别添加0、0.15%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%葡萄糖氧化酶。试验期42 d,分别在21、42 d进行肠道形态结构和消化酶活性的测定。结果表明:日粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶,可提高肉鸡十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度、降低隐窝深度、增加绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C),显著提高肉鸡小肠淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶的活性(P<0.05)。     

发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪肠道形态及消化酶活性的影响

为研究枯草芽孢杆菌发酵豆粕(FSBM)对仔猪肠道形态及消化酶活性的影响,试验选择初始体重为(7.5±0.5)kg的纯种大白断奶仔猪60头,随机分为两组,对照组饲喂含豆粕(SBM)饲料,试验组饲喂含发酵豆粕(FSBM)的饲料,试验期30d。试验结束时,每组随机选择6头仔猪,收集小肠内三个不同部位的组织样本观察肠道形态,同时采集肠道内容物样品,测定消化酶活性。结果表明:与SBM组相比,FSBM组仔猪小肠三个不同部位的绒毛高度均显著提高(P<0.05),十二指肠隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),十二指肠和空肠总蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的活性显著提高(P<0.05),仔猪胰腺胰蛋白酶活性显著下降(P<0.05)。综上,FSBM能改善断奶仔猪肠道形态和消化酶活性。     

小麦粉碎粒度与添加量对白羽肉鸡生长性能、肠道形态和肠道消化酶活性的影响

本试验旨在研究在颗粒饲料中小麦粉碎粒度与添加量对20～50日龄817白羽肉鸡生长性能、肠道形态和肠道消化酶活性的影响。采用2×3两因素试验设计,其中小麦添加量分别为35%和55%,小麦粉碎筛片孔径分别为1.5、2.5和3.5 mm。选取720只20日龄、健康的817快大型白羽肉仔鸡（全公苗）,按照体重相近的原则随机分成6组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡。试验期31 d,分中鸡（20～34日龄）和大鸡（35～50日龄）2个阶段进行。结果表明：1）在试验各阶段,各组间肉鸡生长性能无显著性差异（P>0.05）。主效应分析结果表明,2.5 mm粉碎筛片孔径组35～50日龄料重比（F/G）显著低于其他2组（P<0.05）。2)35日龄时,主效应分析结果表明,1.5 mm粉碎筛片孔径组肉鸡十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度显著高于2.5 mm粉碎筛片孔径组（P<0.05）,十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）值以及回肠绒毛高度显著高于其他2组（P<0.05）,回肠V/C值显著高于3.5 mm粉碎筛片孔径组（P<0.05）;35%添加量组回肠绒毛高度和V/C值显著高于55%...     

膨化壳聚糖铜对猪肠道消化酶活性影响的研究

为了研究膨化处理后壳聚糖铜对猪肠道消化酶活性的影响,选用28日龄断奶后的杜长大三元杂交猪48头,随机分为6组,每组8头,公母各半,进行为期47 d的饲养试验(预试期7 d,正式期40 d).在保证仔猪正常生长所需营养水平的条件下,用于研究添加不同水平的膨化壳聚糖铜对仔猪肠道消化酶活性的影响.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ在基础日粮中分别添加0.5 g/㎏、1.0 g/㎏、1.5 g/㎏、2.0 g/㎏和2.5 g/㎏膨化壳聚糖铜微粒.试验结果表明,与对照组相比,各试验组十二指肠中蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶的活性,空肠和回肠中二糖酶活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组十二指肠中蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性,空肠和回肠中二糖酶活性均显著高于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组(P<0.05).因此,在本试验条件下,在日粮中加入1.5 g/㎏膨化壳聚糖铜微粒比加入0.5 g/㎏、1.0 g/㎏、2.0 g/㎏、2.5 g/㎏膨化壳聚糖铜微粒饲喂效果好,能显著提高猪肠道消化酶活性.     

珠蛋白肽对断奶仔猪肠道形态和小肠酶活性的影响

蛋白酶解产物小肽具有比较广泛的功能,文章分析了珠蛋白肽产品对断奶仔猪肠道形态及小肠酶活性的影响,结果表明,珠蛋白肽可减轻断奶仔猪小肠绒毛萎缩和隐窝加深的程度,促进仔猪肠道组织与功能的发育,提高淀粉酶、蔗糖酶与胰蛋白酶活性,降低仔猪腹泻率,提高生产性能。     

饲粮纤维源对仔猪生长性能、肠道发育及其消化酶活性的影响

通过检测饲粮中添加不同来源的纤维对猪生长性能、肠道发育及其消化酶活性的影响,初步探讨饲粮纤维源调控仔猪肠道健康的可能机制。试验共选取健康状况良好、体重均一[(9.26±0.17) kg]的仔猪840头(杜×长×大;32日龄),随机分为3个处理组:对照组(control group, CG),苜蓿草粉组(alfalfa meal group, AG),商品浓缩纤维组(commodity concentrated fiber, OG),每个处理4个重复,每个重复70头仔猪。预试期3 d,试验于35日龄开始,60日龄结束时屠宰取样,测量肠道重量及长度,观察小肠段绒毛形态结构并测定消化酶活性。结果发现,AG较CG显著降低仔猪的腹泻率(P<0.05),但对仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量、料肉比均无显著影响(P>0.05);AG、OG较CG显著提高仔猪的大肠段长度和重量(P<0.05);AG较CG改善了空肠的绒毛高度及绒隐比(P>0.05),AG较OG显著提高了空肠的绒毛高度及绒隐比(P<0.05),OG较CG显著提高了回肠的绒毛高度(P<0.05);OG较CG显著降低了空肠中淀粉酶活性(P<0.05),AG较CG、OG显著提高了糜蛋白酶活性(P<0.05)。结果表明,饲粮中添加适量的苜蓿草粉可以促进仔猪的肠道发育,降低仔猪腹泻率,从而有利于仔猪生长发育。     

日粮中不同比例膨化玉米对保育猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、肠道形态及消化酶活性的影响

试验旨在研究在日粮中添加不同比例膨化玉米对保育猪的生长性能、养分表观消化率、肠道形态及消化酶活性的影响.选用体重(9.50±1.05) kg的杜×长×大保育猪200头,随机分为对照组、试验1组、试验2组、试验3组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头猪.对照组保育猪饲喂基础日粮,试验1组、2组、3组保育猪饲喂不同比例膨化玉...     

玉米肽对黄鳝生长及肠道消化酶活性的影响

试验旨在研究玉米肽对黄鳝生长及肠道消化酶活性的影响.试验挑选600尾黄鳝随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复50尾.对照组(GYF)黄鳝饲喂42％鱼粉的黄鳝商品饲料,处理组分别饲喂32％鱼粉(YM0)、32％鱼粉+1.5％玉米肽(YM1.5)和32％鱼粉+3.0％玉米肽(YM3.0),试验期8周.结果 显示,与GYF组...     

谷氨酰胺对肉鸡肠道发育及小肠消化酶活性的影响

将180只1日龄AA肉仔鸡随机分成3组,设3个重复,每组60只,1组为对照组,2、3组为试验组,分别饲喂添加0%、0.2%、0.4%谷氨酰胺的基础日粮,试验期42 d,探讨了外源性谷氨酰胺对AA肉仔鸡小肠生长发育和消化道酶活性的影响.结果表明,在肉鸡饲料中添加外源性谷氨酰胺,能促进小肠的生长发育,显著增加肉鸡十二指肠、空肠和回肠重量、长度以及肠道指数(P＜0.05),提高小肠蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性(P＜0.05);谷氨酰胺的适宜添加剂量为0.2%.提示谷氨酰胺可作为肠道促生长添加剂在肉鸡饲料中使用,其适宜添加剂量为0.2%.     

发酵饲料对蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质、肠道消化酶活性及免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平的发酵混合饲料和发酵酒糟对蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质、肠道消化酶活性及免疫功能的影响。选用35周龄龙岩山麻鸭750只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复25只鸭。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加2%、4%的发酵混合饲料和2%、4%的发酵酒糟。试验期3个月。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮添加2%和4%发酵酒糟显著升高了蛋鸭的日产蛋重(P0.05),饲粮添加4%发酵酒糟显著降低了蛋鸭的料蛋比(P0.05),饲粮添加4%发酵酒糟显著升高了鸭蛋中蛋清重和蛋黄颜色(P0.05),饲粮添加4%发酵混合饲料和4%发酵酒糟显著降低了蛋鸭肌胃和腺胃pH(P0.05),饲粮添加4%发酵混合饲料显著提高了蛋鸭空肠脂肪酶和糜蛋白酶活性(P0.05),饲粮添加2%和4%发酵酒糟显著提高了蛋鸭空肠糜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活性(P0.05),饲粮添加4%发酵酒糟显著升高了蛋鸭空肠黏蛋白2、分泌型免疫球蛋白A (SIgA)的mRNA相对表达量以及SIgA含量(P 0.05)。综上所述,发酵酒糟对蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质、肠道消化酶活性和免疫功能优于发酵混合饲料,且以4%的添加水平效果更好。     

Influence of dietary zinc and copper on digestive enzyme activity and intestinal morphology in weaned pigs

The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of high dietary concentrations of Zn as zinc oxide and Cu as copper sulfate on the activity of digestive enzymes in the pancreas and the intestinal mucosa, intestinal morphology, and mucin histochemistry in pigs after weaning. Thirty-two pigs were weaned at 4 wk of age. The pigs were fed standard weaning diets supplemented with Zn (100 or 2,500 ppm) and Cu (0 or 175 ppm) in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments for a 14-d period. In pancreatic tissue, the activity of amylase, carboxypeptidase A, chymotrypsin, trypsin, and lipase increased (P < 0.01) in pigs fed 2,500 ppm of Zn, whereas the activity of carboxypeptidase B and carboxylester hydrolase was unaffected. Copper had no effect on the activity of pancreatic enzymes. In small intestinal contents, the total activity of amylase and carboxypeptidase A was greater in pigs fed 100 ppm of Zn (P < 0.05), whereas feeding 2,500 ppm of Zn increased the chymotrypsin activity (P < 0.001). The remaining enzymes were unaffected by dietary Zn concentration. The villi were longer in the cranial small intestine (P < 0.001) in pigs fed 100 ppm of Zn than in pigs fed 2,500 ppm of Zn, but otherwise there were no clear effects of Zn and Cu supplementation on intestinal morphology. In the cranial small intestine, the activity of maltase (P < 0.001), sucrase (P < 0.001), and lactase was greater in pigs fed 100 ppm of Zn, even though there was a Zn x Cu interaction (P < 0.05) in lactase activity. In the middle and caudal small intestine, no clear differences between dietary treatments were observed. The activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the intestinal mucosa was not affected by dietary Zn or Cu. In pigs fed 100 ppm of Zn, the activity of aminopeptidase N was greater in the caudal small intestine, but dietary Zn or Cu had no effect on aminopeptidase N in the cranial and middle small intestine. No effect of dietary Zn or Cu supplementation was found on carbohydrate histochemistry in the caudal small intestine, whereas high dietary Zn increased the area of neutral, acidic, and sulfomucins in the cecum (P < 0.01) and in the colon (P < 0.001). In summary, high dietary Zn increased the activity of several enzymes in the pancreatic tissue and increased the mucin staining area in the large intestine, whereas Cu had no clear effect on these variables. However, no definite answers were found as to how the growth promoting and diarrhea reducing effects of excess dietary Zn are exerted.     

Effect of dietary supplementation with an ethanolic extract of propolis on broiler intestinal morphology and digestive enzyme activity

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different levels of an ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) on broiler performance, carcass characteristics, weight of gastrointestinal organs, intestinal morphometry and digestive enzyme activity. 1020 male broiler chicks were assigned in a completely randomised experimental design to six treatments (EEP supplement levels of 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm) and five replications, and 34 birds per experimental unit. The experimental diets were administered from 1 to 21 days of age, and the birds were subsequently provided a ration based on corn and soybean meal. EEP supplementation from 1 to 7 days negatively affected (p < 0.05) the weight gain and feed intake. The proventriculus weight at 7 days exhibited a quadratic response (p < 0.05), which predicted a lower weight at a dose of 2865 ppm of the EEP. For the duodenum at 21 days of age, the response pattern (p < 0.05) predicted that birds that were fed 2943 and 3047 ppm of the EEP would exhibit an improved crypt depth and villus‐to‐crypt ratio respectively. The villus height, crypt depth and villus‐to‐crypt ratio in the jejunum and the ileum were not affected (p > 0.05). With increased EEP doses, the duodenal sucrase activity linearly decreased at 7 days of age and linearly increased in the jejunum at 21 days of age (p < 0.05), while pancreatic enzyme activity was unaffected (p > 0.05). Although the carcass and cut yields did not improve, the percentage of abdominal fat decreased (p < 0.05). The supplementation of the broiler pre‐starter diet with 1000–5000 ppm of the EEP impaired performance at this stage, most likely due to the decreased sucrase activity. However, the EEP supplementation from 3000 ppm improved intestinal morphophysiology at 21 days of age and did not affect the performance or carcass yield at 42 days of age.     

Tannic acid extracted from gallnut prevents post-weaning diarrhea and improves intestinal health of weaned piglets

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of tannic acid (TA) on growth performance, diarrhea rate, nutrient digestibility and intestinal health in weaned piglets. A total of 180 weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 24 d of age, initial average BW = 7.77 ± 0.17 kg) were allotted to 5 groups (6 pigs/pen and 6 replicates/group) in a randomized complete block design according to their gender and body weight. Piglets were fed a basal diet, or the basal diet supplemented with 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% or 0.4% TA for 28 d. The supplementary levels of TA in the diets were obtained by adding tannalbin containing 51% TA and 40.17% protein. The results showed that, compared with the CON group, dietary TA did not affect ADFI, ADG or F:G, and linearly reduced (P < 0.01) the diarrhea rate and diarrhea index of piglets. There were no significant effects on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) in the 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% TA groups, while negative effects (P < 0.05) on apparent digestibility of crude protein and gross energy were observed in the 0.4% TA group. In addition, the nutrient digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy linearly decreased (P < 0.01) with the increase of TA dosage. Supplementation of TA increased (P < 0.05) the villus height of the duodenum and jejunum, as well as increased (P < 0.05) catalase (CAT) activity in serum. Dietary TA improved (P < 0.05) the Bacillus counts in cecal digesta. Further, TA significantly improved (P < 0.05) Bacillus counts and reduced (P < 0.05) the Escherichia coli counts in colonic digesta. The concentration of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and isovaleric acid in cecal digesta were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression level of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2), and claudin-2 (CLDN-2) in the jejunum were greater (P < 0.05) in TA supplemented groups. The study showed that, compared to the control, TA prevented post-weaning diarrhea and improved intestinal health of weaned piglets, and the appropriate level of TA supplementation would be from 0.1% to 0.2%.     

青海湖裸鲤肠道消化酶活性的研究

青海湖裸鲤(Gymnocypris przewalskii),又名湟鱼,属鲤科(Gyprinidae),裂腹鱼亚科(Schizothoraci-nae),裸鲤属(Gymnocypris),是高原特化的裂腹鱼中的裸鲤属分布在青海湖的唯一鱼种,也是青海湖地区重要的经济鱼类,属国家二类保护珍贵鱼类。由于青海湖特殊的高原地理环境,湖中盛产     

豆粕提取物对肉仔鸡养分表观代谢率及消化酶活性的影响

文章旨在探讨日粮中添加不同水平豆粕提取物对肉仔鸡养分表观代谢率及肠道消化酶活性的影响。将600只1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分成5个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复30只;在玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中分别添加0(对照)、250、500、750、1 000 mg/kg 5个水平的豆粕提取复合物。试验结果表明:日粮中添加500、750、1 000 mg/kg豆粕提取物可提高肉仔鸡粗蛋白表观代谢率(P0.05)和α-淀粉酶活性(P0.01)、脂肪酶活性(P0.05)及总蛋白水解酶活性(P0.05);500 mg/kg组可显著提高粗脂肪表观代谢率(P0.05);当添加量达到1 000 mg/kg时,上述各项指标均表现不同程度下降的趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05)。综合考虑各研究因素影响,建议在玉米-豆粕型肉仔鸡日粮中豆粕复合提取物的适宜添加水平为500~750 mg/kg。     

鱼类消化酶活性的影响因素

随着现代水产养殖业和水产饲料工业的发展，人们对鱼类的营养需要及其饲料配方进行了许多研究，在鱼类消化生理方面，近年来也引起广大研究者的关注。鱼类消化酶活性的高低直接关系到鱼类对营养物质的吸收和利用．凡能影响消化酶活性的因素均能影响营养物质的消化吸收。因此了解影响鱼类消化酶活性的因素对指导配合饲料的研制和生产具有重要意义。本文将这方面的研究情况作一概述。     

Effects of dietary inclusion of fermented cottonseed meal on growth, cecal microbial population, small intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activity of broilers

Two experiments were conducted to test the feeding value of fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) in broilers. In experiment 1, 480 1-day-old male yellow-feathered broilers were allocated into 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicates (20 birds per replicate) to examine the effects of FCSM on the growth response of chickens. Experimental feeding was performed for 6 weeks in two phases (starter, days 0 to 21; finisher, days 22 to 42). FCSM was used at 0, 40, 80, and 120 g/kg levels to replace soybean meal in the basal diet. The dietary inclusion of 40 and 80 g/kg FCSM increased (quadratic (Q): p?<?0.01) the body weight gain of broilers in the starter and in the overall feeding periods. Experiment 2 determined the effect of FCSM on the cecal microbial populations, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activity of broilers. The number of lactobacilli in the cecal digesta increased at day 21 (p?<?0.01) and day 42 (linear (L): p?=?0.01). Coliform bacteria counts decreased (L: p?<?0.05) with the increasing inclusion of FCSM at day 21. The inclusion of FCSM increased (L–Q: p?<?0.05) villus height in the duodenum and linearly elevated (p?<?0.05) villus height and the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum at day 21. Similar improvement (L: p?<?0.05) was noted in jejunal villus height at day 42. The inclusion of FCSM improved (p?<?0.05) the activities of amylase and protease at day 21, as well as protease at day 42. In conclusion, the appropriate inclusion of FCSM improves growth, cecal microflora, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activity in yellow-feathered broilers.