芪归催乳散对母猪泌乳性能及仔猪免疫和抗氧化功能的影响

旨在研究饲料中添加中药"芪归催乳散"超微粉对母猪泌乳性能及仔猪免疫和抗氧化功能的影响。选取24头胎次、分娩期相近的待产长白二元母猪,随机平均分为3组,每组8个重复。自产前7d开始,对照组母猪饲喂基础日粮,试验1,2组的母猪分别在基础日粮中添加1%和2%的芪归催乳散超微粉,直至断奶。仔猪分别于出生当日、20日龄及断奶时测体质量,计算泌乳量;并于断奶当日从每窝随机挑选2头仔猪采血,检测血清免疫和抗氧化指标。母猪则收集初乳,并于产后4,21d采血,用于检测初乳成分及泌乳相关激素水平。结果显示,在饲料中添加芪归催乳散超微粉能显著提高母猪泌乳量、初乳中蛋白含量以及初乳中催乳素(PRL)、生长激素(GH)和促甲状腺素(TSH)水平(P0.05),显著提高母猪血清中催乳素(PRL)和生长激素(GH)水平(P0.05);同时能显著提高仔猪血清免疫球蛋白(IgG,IgM,IgA)和补体C3的含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P0.05),降低丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.05)。上述结果表明,芪归催乳散能显著提高母猪泌乳相关激素水平,促进泌乳;同时能提高哺乳仔猪免疫和抗氧化功能。     

米糠油提取物对泌乳母猪氧化应激状态、繁殖性能和粪便菌群组成的影响

为了了解米糠油提取物对泌乳母猪氧化应激状态、繁殖性能和粪便菌群组成的影响，试验将28头配种时间相近、健康的2～6胎次二元母猪(长白×大白)分为两组，每组14头。对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验组从产前1周至产后3周在基础日粮中每天添加米糠油提取物500 mg,记录并统计母猪分娩产程、初生活仔数、仔猪初生平均重、仔猪初生窝重、断奶仔猪数和仔猪21日龄断奶窝重及产后1周仔猪存活率，收集母猪分娩当天粪便用于16S rDNA微生物组学分析，采集母猪产后1周血液用于检测血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)浓度。结果表明：与对照组相比，试验组母猪产程显著缩短(P<0.05),断奶仔猪数显著增加(P<0.05),初生活仔数、仔猪初生平均重、仔猪初生窝重、仔猪21日龄断奶窝增重和产后1周仔猪存活率均差异不显著(P>0.05);血清中SOD活性显著提高(P<0.05),CAT活性极显著提高(P<0.01),MDA浓度极显著降低(P<0.01);母猪分娩当天粪便中广古菌门、纤维杆菌门、甲烷短杆菌属和瘤胃球菌科＿UCG-002的相对丰度显著降...     

多菌种发酵稻壳粉对母猪采食量、生产性能和血清激素的影响

皆在探讨发酵稻壳粉(FRH)和稻壳粉(RH)对母猪繁殖性能、血液激素水平、采食量和泌乳量的影响。选择胎次一致的(长×大)母猪33头,随机分为3组,每组11个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,FRH组和RH组分别补饲20%的FRH和RH。结果显示:FRH组和RH组母猪窝总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数、产程、断奶活仔数和21日龄断奶窝重均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。FRH组仔猪初生窝重显著高于RH组(P0.05)。血清孕酮(PROG)水平:母猪妊娠21 d,FRH组和RH组均显著高于对照组(P0.05);血清雌二醇(E2)浓度:母猪妊娠21 d,FRH组显著高于对照组和RH组(P0.05);各组血清催乳素(PRL)浓度差异不显著(P0.05)。FRH组哺乳期采食量和母猪产奶量均显著高于对照组和RH组(P0.05)。综合各项指标:妊娠母猪基础日粮中补饲20%的FRH可改善母猪的繁殖性能、提高采食量和泌乳量。     

猪催乳添加剂试验报告

给哺乳母猪日粮中添加中草药饲料添加剂,可显著提高泌乳力及仔猪35日龄断奶窝重(P<0.05),并能提高母猪食欲、增加采食量,降低哺乳期仔猪死亡率。     

母猪泌乳量与繁殖性能关系的研究

为了探讨母猪泌乳量与繁殖性能之间的关系,试验选取长白猪母猪27头分别按照产活仔数和泌乳量进行分组,分析产活仔数对母猪泌乳量的影响以及母猪泌乳量对仔猪生产性能的影响。结果表明:高产活仔数组母猪泌乳量显著高于低产活仔数组母猪(P0.05);高泌乳量组母猪哺育的仔猪初生重、断奶重极显著高于低泌乳量组(P0.01),日增重显著高于低泌乳量组(P0.05)。说明母猪泌乳量与产活仔猪数和繁殖性能密切相关。     

泌乳期日粮添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对经产母猪和哺乳仔猪的影响

本试验旨在研究泌乳期日粮添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)对经产母猪泌乳性能、血浆部分氨基酸和免疫指标及仔猪生长性能的影响。试验选取28头健康二元杂交母猪(3~4胎),随机分为2组,每组14头,每头母猪为1个重复。从产前12 d开始分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)和0.08%NCG日粮(NCG组)至产后第22天(仔猪断奶)。统计哺乳仔猪的生长指标,并采集母猪分娩后第10天静脉血液样品以测定血浆部分氨基酸浓度和血液生化指标。结果表明:与对照组相比,NCG组哺乳期仔猪日增重、断奶个体重和断奶窝重分别提高40 g、0.93 kg和11.14 kg(P0.05),断奶窝仔数差异不显著(P0.05),母猪的泌乳量显著增加(P0.05);NCG组母猪产后第10天血浆精氨酸和脯氨酸浓度均显著提高(P0.05),鸟氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸浓度和血氨浓度差异不显著(P0.05),血浆尿素氮浓度显著减低(P0.05);NCG组母猪血清Ig M、Ig G水平和白蛋白浓度显著升高(P0.05),总蛋白浓度差异不显著(P0.05)。结果提示,日粮添加NCG可提高泌乳母猪的泌乳性能及血浆精氨酸和脯氨酸水平,降低母猪血浆尿素氮的浓度,改善母猪的免疫机能,并提高哺乳仔猪的生长性能。     

催乳添加剂饲喂哺乳母猪的试验报告

给哺乳母猪日粮中添加“催奶大王”添加剂,可提高泌乳力及仔猪35日龄断奶窝重（P＜0.05）,并能提高母猪食欲、增加采食量,降低哺乳期仔猪死亡率.     

枯草芽孢杆菌与内金助食散复合物对妊娠母猪生产性能的影响

为了探索枯草芽孢杆菌与内金助食散复合物在改善母猪生产性能方面的作用,试验选择试验条件、免疫程序等指标均接近一致或相同的两个规模猪场怀孕30 d的妊娠母猪40头,分为S_(复合)组、S_枯组、S_内组、D组,每组10头。其中S_(复合)组、S_枯组、S_内组猪分别饲喂枯草芽孢杆菌与内金助食散复合物、枯草芽孢杆菌、内金助食散;D组为对照组,妊娠母猪按养猪场常规方法饲喂,饲料中不添加任何饲料添加剂。至产后第15天,比较试验妊娠母猪结便、泌乳量、初生仔猪存活率、初生仔猪均重等指标。结果表明:枯草芽孢杆菌与内金助食散复合物饲喂的S_(复合)组母猪生产的初生仔猪存活数平均为11.8头/窝,平均初生重为1.44 kg/头,泌乳充足率为30%,泌乳正常率为100%,结便率为0;初生仔猪腹泻率和死亡率最低,分别为23.0%和2.6%。S_(复合)组、S_枯组与S_内、D组之间的仔猪腹泻率差异极显著(P0.01),S_(复合)组死亡率低,与S_枯组、S_内组及D组的仔猪死亡率差异极显著(P0.01)。说明S_(复合)组在降低仔猪腹泻率及死亡率,增加泌乳母猪泌乳量,降低妊娠母猪便秘等指标上优于其他各组,枯草芽孢杆菌与内金助食散可以作为一种新型添加剂应用于妊娠母猪及哺乳期母猪的保健中,其作用机制及组方优化还需要进一步研究。     

复合中草药添加剂对泌乳母猪生产性能及血清生化指标的影响

为研究复合中草药添加剂对泌乳母猪生产性能的影响,本试验选取泌乳母猪20头,随机分为4组,每组5头,试验期为28 d。日粮分别添加不同剂量的中草药添加剂(0%、0.25%、0.50%和0.75%)。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,日粮中添加0.25%和0.50%中草药添加剂使仔猪断奶窝重分别提高了26.33%(P0.05)和4.97(P0.05),仔猪死亡率分别降低了47.28%(P0.05)和72.58%(P0.05),每窝的断奶活仔猪数分别提高了4.97%(P0.05)和14.34%(P0.05)。(2)0.25%中草药制剂使泌乳母猪日粮中粗蛋白质、钙和磷的消化率分别比对照组提高了12.77%、12.19%和12.13%(P0.05)。(3)一定水平的中草药添加剂可使母猪血清中碱性磷酸酶活力和总胆红素含量显著降低(P0.05),使血清中总蛋白和球蛋白含量显著提高(P0.05)。     

紫珠浸膏干粉防治母猪产科疾病试验效果分析

选择2个试验场各40头产后母猪,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组20头,研究利用紫株草浸膏干粉对母猪产后三联症及繁殖性能的影响。结果表明,2个试验场的实验组母猪产后"三联症"和仔猪黄白痢发病率均较对照组低,28日龄断奶仔猪数和断奶平均窝重显著高于对照组(P0.05)。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …