奶牛子宫内膜炎病原菌的分离鉴定及中药的抑菌作用

为了研究中药新促孕液防治母畜子宫内膜炎的机理和改进组方,采集南京地区患牛子宫分泌物进行细菌分离及鉴定,并测定了新促孕液及其组分药、其他10味中药及3个复方对主要分离株的体外抑菌作用和最小抑菌浓度。结果,共分离出葡萄球菌10株、链球菌6株、大肠杆菌8株,溶血性和非溶血性大肠杆菌的血清型分别为O159和O110,O159可在68 h内引起小鼠全部死亡,表明葡萄球菌、链球菌和大肠杆菌是主要致病菌,O159具有致病性。新促孕液对6种分离菌株均有较强的抑制作用,淫羊藿、黄柏、硼砂发挥主要作用;其他单味药以丹参、复方以方2的抑菌作用最强,这些可以作为改进新促孕液组方的依据。     

新疆北部地区奶牛子宫内膜炎主要病原菌的分离鉴定及其血细胞成分分析

对临床确诊为奶牛子宫内膜炎的75头荷斯坦奶牛进行子宫炎性分泌物采样,用常规方法进行细菌分离培养及鉴定,并对19头患子宫内膜炎奶牛和8头健康奶牛进行血细胞成分分析。结果共分离鉴定出细菌189株,其中金黄色葡萄球菌56株（29．62％）,大肠埃希氏菌52株（27．51％）,铜绿假单胞菌25株（13．23％）,蜡样芽孢杆菌22株（11．64％）,无乳链球菌17株（8．99％）,停乳链球菌10株（5．30％）,沙门氏菌3株（1．59％）,中间葡萄球菌2株（1．06％）,表皮葡萄球菌、普通变形杆菌各1株（0．53％）。血细胞成分分析结果表明,子宫内膜炎奶牛组与健康奶牛组相比,淋巴细胞（LYM）、粒细胞（GRAN）、平均血红蛋白含量（MCH）、血小板分布宽度（PDW）、血小板压积（PCT）等差异极显著（P〈0．01）,其余指标差异不显著（P〉0．05）。     

奶牛子宫内膜炎病原菌分离鉴定及药敏试验

按照临床型奶牛子宫内膜炎的诊断标准,选取阿克苏地区某奶牛场子宫内膜炎病牛20头,采取子宫分泌物,对其病原菌进行菌落计数、细菌分离纯化,并使用全自动微生物鉴定仪(VITEK32)及药敏分析仪进行生化鉴定及药敏试验。结果分离鉴定到大肠埃希菌、柠檬酸杆菌、科氏葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌、干燥棒状杆菌、亚利桑那沙门菌、鲁氏不动杆菌。药敏试验的结果表明:庆大霉素和妥布霉素对本次分离病原菌普遍有较好的抑制作用,可作为该场治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎的较理想的药物。     

呼和浩特周边地区奶牛子宫内膜炎病原菌分离鉴定及药敏试验

笔者按照临床型奶牛子宫内膜炎的诊断标准,将选出的久配不孕即将淘汰的56头奶牛,经过问诊和直肠检查暂定为子宫内膜炎.奶牛屠宰后将子宫整体取出并采集子宫分泌物,对其病原菌进行分离鉴定.试验共分离出菌种81株,其中主要病原菌为大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌、链球菌及化脓性棒状杆菌,且多为混合感染.药敏试验的结果表明:抗生素仍是治疗子宫内膜炎比较理想的药物.     

呼和浩特周边地区奶牛子宫内膜炎病原菌分离鉴定及药敏试验

笔者按照临床型奶牛子宫内膜炎的诊断标准,将选出的久配不孕即将淘汰的56头奶牛,经过问诊和直肠检查暂定为子宫内膜炎.奶牛屠宰后将子宫整体取出并采集子宫分泌物,对其病原菌进行分离鉴定.试验共分离出菌种81株,其中主要病原菌为大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌、链球菌及化脓性棒状杆菌,且多为混合感染.药敏试验的结果表明:抗生素仍是治疗子宫内膜炎比较理想的药物.     

河北省部分奶牛场奶牛子宫内膜炎病原菌分离与鉴定

为研究奶牛子宫内膜炎的发病原因,本试验以河北省邢台市某农场3个大型牛场饲养的奶牛为调查对象,对20头患病奶牛子宫分泌物通过显微镜检查、细菌分离培养、生化鉴定等方法进行病原学研究。共检出6种病原菌,其中金黄色葡萄球菌8株(占34.78%)、表皮葡萄球菌6株(占26.09%)、链球菌和沙门氏菌各2株(各占8.70%)、大肠杆菌4株(占17.40%)、蜡状芽孢杆菌1株(占4.35%)。     

锦州地区奶牛子宫内膜炎病原菌分离鉴定与耐药性分析

[目的]为了清楚锦州地区奶牛子宫内膜炎的主要致病菌及耐药情况.[方法]选取锦州地区奶牛场患子宫内膜炎奶牛55头,采取子宫分泌物,对其病原菌进行分离鉴定.[结果]试验共分离出菌种52株,其中主要病原菌为链球菌、葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌,且大多数牛为单一感染.[结论]主要病原菌对氨苄青霉素、卡那霉素等药物产生了耐药性.     

规模化场奶牛子宫内膜炎病原菌的分离及鉴定

对山东省临沂地区临床确诊的患病奶牛进行细菌分离和鉴定,结果发现引起临沂市奶牛子宫内膜炎的致病菌主要有肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、中间葡萄球菌、洛菲氏不动杆菌、溶血不动杆菌、β-溶血链球菌、聚团肠杆菌、嗜麦芽寡源单胞菌和解脲棒状杆菌9种致病菌。其中以中间葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、聚团肠杆菌和嗜麦芽寡源单胞菌4种菌为主要的致病菌,占致病菌总数的71.43%,极显著高于其他致病菌的数量(P<0.01)。患病牛中以单一致病菌感染为主,所占比例为70%,极显著高于由多种致病菌共同感染的情况(P<0.01)。患病牛中主要以革兰氏阳性菌感染为主,占55.64%(P<0.05)。导致奶牛子宫内膜炎的致病菌以兼性菌和厌氧菌为主,其中以兼性菌最多(P<0.01)。     

奶牛子宫内膜炎病原菌分离鉴定及药敏试验

奶牛子宫内膜炎是奶牛养殖业中常见病,影响奶业健康发展。本文根据病原菌分离鉴定和药敏试验,初步找到了我市奶牛子宫内膜炎的主要致病菌和药物范围,为今后我市奶牛子宫内膜炎的治疗和预防提供了科学依据。     

奶牛子宫内膜炎病原菌分离试验

子宫内膜炎是奶牛易患的一种生殖系统疾病。美国每年因奶牛不孕症造成的经济损失近2．5亿美元，英国不孕牛中约95％是因子宫内膜炎而致，我国奶牛子宫内膜炎的发病率也很高，1981～1987年奶牛子宫内膜炎发生率平均为18．97％。现代医学研究表明，奶牛子宫内膜炎的发生除了与饲养管理、环境卫生、配种技术等因素有关外，主要与传染性因素、继发因素、营养因素等有关。奶牛子宫内膜炎的直接病因是病原微生物的感染。病原菌种类较多，本试验主要目的是了解安徽省合肥市奶牛子宫内膜炎的病原菌种类，为今后进一步制定治疗和预防措施提供理论和技术支持。现将试验结果报告如下。     

某奶牛场临床型乳房炎的病原分离及鉴定

从某奶牛场患乳房炎的奶牛乳汁中共分离到 13株细菌 ,经培养特性、菌落形态和生化特性等鉴定表明 ,13个分离菌株中 ,无乳链球菌最为多见 ,占 10株 ;金黄色葡萄球菌 2株及大肠杆菌 1株。将 3种细菌经人工感染小白鼠 ,都具有一定的致病力。药敏试验结果表明 ,氨苄青霉素及丁胺卡那对上述细菌具有较好的抑制作用     

Rationale for treatment of endometritis in the dairy cow

Endometritis is an inflammation of the uterine lining that is commonly initiated at parturition. The degree of its effect on fertility varies with the severity of the inflammation, the time required for resolution of endometrial lesions, and the extent of permanent changes that impair endometrial gland functions and/or alter the uterine and/or oviductal environment. The primary nonspecific organisms associated with endometrial pathology are Corynebacterium pyogenes and the gram-negative anaerobes. The majority of postpartum dairy cows have some degree of endometritis but resolve it by 40 to 50 days post partum. Cows with certain periparturient disorders involving the reproductive tract and/or a defective host immune mechanism may acquire persistent infections that impair subsequent fertility. Not all infertile cows or all cows with positive uterine cultures have endometritis. Cows recovering from C. pyogenes endometritis may require 1 month after clearance of the organism for fertility to be restored. These cows, as well as many cows with slightly delayed uterine involution at 30 days post partum, do not benefit from antimicrobial therapy. The effect of endometritis varies between herds. It is associated with prolongation of calving intervals that can vary from less than 2 weeks to 2 months or more. The cost of days open beyond 80 to 110 days post partum is currently estimated to be $2.00 to $2.25 per day. Evaluation of the bovine genital tract is best conducted by a rectal examination combined with a vaginal speculum examination. Cows selected for therapy for endometritis should meet the strict requirements of a grossly enlarged uterus and a severely abnormal uterine discharge. Induction of estrus is the treatment of choice whenever possible. When antimicrobial therapy is indicated, tetracycline is recommended for intrauterine use during the early postpartum period when mixed bacterial populations are present. Commonly used doses are 2 to 3 gm. For systemic signs of illness, systemic administration of penicillin has been recommended. Twice daily doses of 5000 to 10,000 IU of penicillin per kg may be necessary to maintain therapeutic blood concentrations. Systemic administration of an antimicrobial is necessary to achieve therapeutic concentrations in the oviducts, cervix, and vagina. With chronic endometritis due to C. pyogenes, intrauterine administration of 1 to 1.5 X 10(6) IU of procaine penicillin G has been recommended. Multiple daily treatments are desirable. Milk from treated cows should be tested for penicillin before it is added to bulk tank milk. It still is not clear whether antimicrobial therapy is cost effective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

奶牛产后急性子宫内膜炎病原的分离与鉴定

通过研究奶牛产后急性子宫内膜炎致病微生物组成,揭示该病主要病原并为临床治疗提供依据。以产后6～10 d急性化脓性卡他性子宫内膜炎患牛80头为研究对象,对子宫内容物进行细菌和真菌的分离鉴定。共分离到195株细菌及真菌,其中35.4%具有溶血性,50.8%对试验动物有致病性;大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌分离率较高,为83.75%和62.5%,其次是奇异变形杆菌(36.25%)、白色念珠菌(20%)和肺炎克雷伯氏菌(17.5%)。该病的90%为混合感染,细菌混合感染(70%)主要由大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌和奇异变形杆菌组成;真菌与细菌混合感染占20%,均有白色念珠菌存在;细菌单一感染占10%。结果表明,奶牛产后急性子宫内膜炎主要致病菌是大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、奇异变形杆菌,20%受试牛存在着以白色念珠菌为主的真菌感染。     

miRNA在奶牛子宫内膜炎治疗靶点的研究进展

奶牛子宫内膜炎是奶牛常见的产后疾病,给奶牛养殖业造成了很大的损失,加之抗生素的滥用和耐药菌株的出现,使得寻求子宫内膜炎在分子层面的治疗方法更加迫切,本文就子宫内膜炎的病因、危害、诊断方法及miRNA作为治疗靶点进行阐述,以期为子宫内膜炎的治疗提供参考。     

上海地区奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了获得上海地区奶牛乳房炎病原菌及其药物敏感性的系统资料并为指导临床合理用药和提高奶牛乳房炎防治效果提供理论依据,本研究对在上海郊区4个奶牛场采集的临床型和隐性乳房炎患牛的126份奶样进行细菌培养、分离鉴定和药敏试验.共分离到萄葡球菌,无乳链球菌,大肠杆菌3种主要病原菌107株,其中金黄色葡萄球菌74株,占分离菌株的69.16%;无乳链球菌27株,占分离菌株的25.23%;病原菌单独感染率为48.78%,其中金黄色葡萄球菌的单独感染率达39.02%;病原菌混合感染率占51.22%,多为金黄色葡萄球菌和无乳链球菌混合感染.主要病原菌对头孢拉定、环丙沙星、庆大霉素敏感,对大多数抗菌素产生了不同程度的耐药性,对氨苄青霉素产生了完全耐药性.     

溶菌酶对奶牛子宫内膜炎主要病原的体外药敏试验

选取从患有子宫内膜炎奶牛的子宫黏液中分离出的主要病原菌金黄色葡萄球菌37株、链球菌30株、大肠埃希氏菌12株和化脓棒状杆菌22株,在体外用溶菌酶、庆大霉素、氨苄西林和头孢唑啉按照微量肉汤稀释法进行药敏试验。结果表明,溶菌酶对奶牛子宫内膜炎分离的金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌具有良好的抗菌活性,对化脓棒状杆菌具有一定的抑杀作用,对大肠埃希氏菌作用较弱;氨苄西林则均产生了大量的耐药菌株,而溶菌酶对庆大霉素、氨苄西林和头孢唑啉耐药菌株同样具有较好的抑杀效果。     

Preliminary results of treatment and endocrinology of chronic endometritis in the dairy cow

Cows with chronic endometritis were treated by using uterine irrigation, prostaglandin or oestradiol benzoate. An attempt was made to relate the success of treatment to the nature of the discharge. No statistically significant differences were demonstrated between the different treatments, nor did the severity of the disease as judged by the amount of pus in the discharge affect the success of treatment. Progesterone and in some cases a metabolite of prostaglandin were measured in a milk sample taken at the time of treatment. Increased prostaglandin concentrations were found in 69 of 71 samples examined but they were not correlated with the progesterone concentrations. These measurements from cases of endometritis were higher than those from normal cows in the immediate post partum period and during established oestrous cycles. Treatment with prostaglandin when the concentration of progesterone was high was not more effective than when progesterone concentrations were low. Treatment had less influence on the subsequent fertility of the cow than other factors investigated; in particular, the sooner after calving the cow was treated the greater was the chance of success. This was thought to be due, at least in part, to the high rate of spontaneous recovery. Before treatment can be evaluated effectively a method must be found to identify persistent cases.     

中草药对奶牛子宫内膜炎治疗的研究进展

在奶牛养殖业中,奶牛子宫内膜炎是一种较为常见的多发病,多集中在产后2周内,一般发病率为20％-35％。它通常是子宫膜的黏液性或脓性炎症,由于炎症所产生的有毒物质可致死精子和胚胎而成为奶牛不孕的常见原因之一,我国奶牛子宫内膜炎型不孕症占成年母牛不孕症的17％以上。目前绝大多数的养殖场还是大量的应用抗生素、激素类化学药品去预防和治疗该病的发生,虽具有一定的疗效,但这些药物使用后会在乳中残留产生“有抗奶”,而且滥用药物会致使动物产生耐药性和“三致”反应。所以,资源丰富、残留量少的中草药防治奶牛子宫内膜炎便成了人们关注的焦点。中草药属于天然药物,具有明显的抗菌消炎、改善血液循环和增强子宫收缩的效果,如经过科学的配制,将对奶牛子宫内膜炎的防治起到很大的作用。